Research Report

Week 4
Research Report:
Gathering and
Analyzing Data;
 Research Report:
Citation and
Referencing; and
 Research Report:
Other Parts of a Research
Report
 5

STEP 6: Gathering And Analyzing of Data

Preparing a Research Design/Plan

Before you begin collecting the data of your study, you should prepare a research plan. A
research plan provides a comprehensive description of the steps that a researcher should
follow to achieve the research objectives. It serves as your guide to ensure that your
research is heading towards the right direction. It gives you an overview of the different
procedures that you need to accomplish when conducting your study.
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STEP 6: Gathering And Analyzing of Data

Preparing a Research Design/Plan

In preparing your research plan, you should first choose a research design appropriate for
your study:
• QUANTITATIVE
• QUALITATIVE
• MIXED METHOD
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STEP 6: Gathering And Analyzing of Data

Quantitative Research Design
• Attempts to test a hypothesis through statistical analysis of empirical data.

Qualitative Research Design

• Aims to generate a theory or model based on narratives and vivid descriptions of a
phenomenon.

Mixed Methods Research Design

• Combines quantitative and qualitative approaches in data analysis and interpretation.
 8

Remember!

• The research design which you choose

should depend on the main objective of
your study
 9

Our process is easy

Research Title Research Objective Research Design

Language Learning To determine and compare Quantitative

Strategies of the frequency of language
Selected Asian learning strategies used by
Learners selected Asian learners
enrolled in a selected private
higher education institution
 10

Our process is easy

Research Title Research Objective Research Design

Research Culture in To describe the prevailing Qualitative

Higher Education research culture in higher
Institutions in education institutions
CAMANAVA located in the cities of
Caloocan, Malabon,
Navotas, and Valenzuela
 11

STEP 6: Gathering And Analyzing of Data

The data and the other resources you wrote will be more useful in
composing your research report if you are knowledgeable about how
to properly employ or execute the kind of research methods you have
chosen. Since your task is to compose a research report, you can use
a range of resources such as books, periodicals, and the Internet, in
order to gather relevant data related to your topic. In case you
want to state an idea that is already expressed by another,
remember to acknowledge your source properly.
The Parts of a Research Report
A. Introduction
1. Background of the Study
2. Statement of the Problem
3. Significance of the Study
4. Scope and Delimitation
5. Definition of terms

B. The Research Body

1. Review of Related Literature
2. Methodology
3. Presentation and Analysis of Data
The Parts of a Research Report
C. Conclusions and Recommendations

D. Bibliography
Let’s Browse through Some of the Other Parts of a Research
Report!
1. Review of Related Literature
This section is categorized into two:
• Foreign Literature and Studies
• Local Literature and Studies

This presents related literature and studies, both foreign and

local, which have been synthesized and linked to the principal
problem. The literature review connects the current findings to
the present research attempts.
Let’s Browse through Some of the Other Parts of a Research
Report!
2. Presentation and Analysis of Data

• This section explains the manner of presenting the data through

graphs or tables, whichever is appropriate to present the kind of
data obtained. It is necessary to answer the research question.
Let’s Browse through Some of the Other Parts of a Research
Report!
3. Conclusions and Recommendations

• Conclusion is a brief discussion of beliefs based on your reasoning

and findings presented. On the other hand, recommendations are
suggestions for solution, improvement, revision, and validation of
existing practices. Recommendations should be specific, realistic, and
achievable. Recommendations can identify the areas which need
further research, which can be replicated or which can be
validated.
Let’s Browse through Some of the Other Parts of a Research
Report!
4. Bibliography

• Research report culminates with the listing of references and works

related to the study.
Citations &
18

References
citation
19

A citation is a formal reference to a published or unpublished

source that you consulted and obtained information from
while writing your research paper. Citations document for
your readers where you obtained your material, provide a
means of critiquing your study based on the sources you used,
and create an opportunity to obtain information about prior
studies of the research problem under investigation. The act
of citing sources is also your best defense against allegations
of plagiarism.
Why Should We Cite Our Sources? 20
• Proper citation allows readers to locate the materials you used.
• Citing other people's words and ideas demonstrates that you have
conducted a thorough review of the literature on your topic
• Other researcher's ideas can be used to reinforce your arguments.
• The ideas of other researchers can be used to explain reasons for
alternative approaches.
• Just as the ideas of other researchers can bolster your arguments, they
can also detract from your credibility if their research is challenged.
• Ideas are considered intellectual property and there can be serious
repercussions if you fail to cite where you got an idea from.
Here is How: 21

Basic: Enclosed in parentheses are the surname of the author of your source and
the year it was published

(Surname, YEAR)
Example
Recent research in Chemistry (Longbottom, 2013)

Note: If you have used the name of the author within the sentence, only write the
year of publication inside the brackets.

Example
In his recent article, Neville Longbottom (2013) found that…
…as the Ministry of Magic’s annual report showed (2016)
Here is How: 22

Citations having More than One Author Two authors

(Surname 1 & Surname 2, YEAR)
This important discovery (Weasly and Potter,
1999) was done…

More than two authors

(Surname 1 et al., YEAR)
This survey (Bones et al., 1992) was later the
basis of…
references
23

They are found in the Bibliography or the reference list

which is in the last part of your research report. It provides
information for readers who may want to access the sources
you have cited in your paper. The sources in the list are in
alphabetical order using a specific format. For this module,
we will be tackling on the American Psychological Association
(APA) format.
Here is How: 24

Referencing a Book
Surname, I. (YEAR). Title of the Book. Town:
Publisher
Example
Burbage, C. (2002). Non-Magical populations
of the UK. London: Leaky Cauldron Press.
Here is How: 25

Referencing an Article/Journal

Surname, I. (YEAR). Title of the Article.

Name of the Journal, Volume(Issue), page.
Example
Dumbledore, A. (1943). Twelve uses of
dragon blood. International Journal of
Transfiguration, 135(2), 22-47.
Here is How: 26

Referencing an On-line Source

Surname, I. (YEAR). Title of the Webpage.

Retrieved from URL
Example
Rowling, J.K. (n.d.) How the wizarding world
works. Retrieved from
https://www.pottermore.com/ collection/jk-
rowling-how-the-wizarding-world- works
Here is How: 27

Referencing a Blog

Surname, I. (YEAR). Title of the Blog Post

[Blog Post]. Retrieved from URL
Example
Storie, C. (2021). Na-touch ka because?
[Blog Post]. Retrieved from http://www.the-
leaky-cauldron.org/2016/12/07/a- very-
happy-belated-birthday-to-rubeus-Hagrid/