CHAPTER-9 - Continuity and Differentiability

Exercise-9A
Q1
f(x) = x2
LHL at x = 2
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim( 𝑓(2 − ℎ)
$ →'( - →.

= lim((2 − ℎ)'
- →.

= lim((ℎ' − 4ℎ + 4)
- →.

= 0 – 4×0 + 4
=4
RHL at x = 2
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(2 + ℎ)
$ →'4 - →.

= lim4(2 + ℎ)'
- →.

= lim4(ℎ' + 4ℎ + 4)
- →.

= 0 + 4×0 + 4
=4
And,
𝑓(2) = 22 = 4
∴ lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(2)
$ →' $ →'
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So, 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at x = 2.

Q2
f(x) = x2 + 3x + 4
LHL at x = 1
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim( 𝑓(1 − ℎ)
$ →6( - →.

= lim((1 − ℎ)' + 3(1 − ℎ) + 4

- →.

= lim((ℎ' − 2ℎ + 1 + 3 − 3ℎ + 4)
- →.

= 0 – 2×0 + 4 – 3×0 + 4
=8
RHL at x = 1
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(1 + ℎ)
$ →64 - →.

= lim4(1 + ℎ)'
- →.

= lim4(ℎ' + 2ℎ + 1)
- →.

= 0 + 2×0 + 1 + 3 + 3×0 + 4
=8
And,
𝑓(1) = 12 + 3×1 + 4 = 8
∴ lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(1)
$ →6 $ →6

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So, 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at x = 1.

Q3

ƒ(x) =

LHL at x = 3
$ : ;$;<
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim(
$ →9( $ →9 $;9

$ : ;9$='$;<
= lim(
$ →9 $;9
($;9)($=')
= lim(
$ →9 $;9

= lim( (𝑥 + 2)
$ →9

=3+2=5
RHL at x = 3
$ : ;$;<
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4
$ →94 $ →9 $;9

$ : ;9$='$;<
= lim4
$ →9 $;9
($;9)($=')
= lim4
$ →9 $;9

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= lim4 (𝑥 + 2)
$ →9

=3+2=5
And,
𝑓(3) = 5
∴ lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(3)
$ →9 $ →9

So, 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at x = 3.

Q4

ƒ(x) =

LHL at x = 5
$ : ;'>
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim(
$ →>( $ →> $;>
($;>)($=>)
= lim(
$ →> $;>

= lim( (𝑥 + 5)
$ →>

= 5 + 5 = 10
RHL at x = 5
$ : ;'>
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4
$ →>4 $ →> $;>

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($;>)($=>)
= lim4
$ →> $;>

= lim4 (𝑥 + 5)
$ →>

= 5 + 5 = 10
And,
𝑓(5) = 10
∴ lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(5)
$ →> $ →>

So, 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at x = 5.

Q5

ƒ(x) =

LHL at x = 0
@AB 9$
lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim(
$ →. $ →. $
@AB 9$
= lim( ×3
$ →. 9$
@AB $
=1×3 [∵ lim = 1]
$ →. $

=3
RHL at x = 0

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@AB 9$
lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4
$ →. $ →. $
@AB 9$
= lim4 ×3
$ →. 9$
@AB $
=1×3 [∵ lim = 1]
$ →. $

=3
And,
𝑓(0) = 1
∴ lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(𝑥) ≠ 𝑓(0)
$ →. $ →.

So, 𝑓(𝑥) is discontinuous at x = 0.

Q6

ƒ(x) =
LHL at x = 0
6;FG@ $
lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim(
$ →. $ →. $:
K
'HIJ: :
= lim( [∵ 1 – cos2θ = 2 sin2 θ]
$ →. $:
K
'HIJ: : 6
= lim( K:
×
$ →. M
L

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K
'HIJ: : 6 @AB $
= lim( K × [∵ lim = 1]
$ →. (:) : M $ →. $

6
=2×
M
6
=
'

RHL at x = 0
6;FG@ $
lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4
$ →. $ →. $:
K
'HIJ: :
= lim4 [∵ 1 – cos2θ = 2 sin2 θ]
$ →. $:
K
'HIJ: : 6
= lim4 K:
×
$ →. M
L
K
'HIJ: : 6 @AB $
= lim4 K × [∵ lim = 1]
$ →. (:) : M $ →. $

6
=2×
M
6
=
'

And,
𝑓(0) = 1
∴ lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(𝑥) ≠ 𝑓(0)
$ →. $ →.

So, 𝑓(𝑥) is discontinuous at x = 0.

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Q7

ƒ(x) =
LHL at x = 2
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim( 2 − 𝑥
$ →'( $ →'

=2−2
=0
RHL at x = 2
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 2 + 𝑥
$ →'4 $ →'

=2+2
=4
∴ lim( 𝑓(𝑥) ≠ lim4 𝑓(𝑥)
$ →' $ →'

So, 𝑓(𝑥) is discontinuous at x = 2.

Q8

ƒ(x) =
LHL at x = 0
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim( 3 − 𝑥
$ →.( $ →.

=3−0

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=3
RHL at x = 0
lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑥 '
$ →. $ →.

= 02
=0
∴ lim( 𝑓(𝑥) ≠ lim4 𝑓(𝑥)
$ →. $ →.

So, 𝑓(𝑥) is discontinuous at x = 0.

Q9

ƒ(x) =
LHL at x = 1
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim( 5𝑥 − 4
$ →6( $ →6

= 5×1 − 4
=1
RHL at x = 1
lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 4𝑥 ' − 3𝑥
$ →6 $ →6

= 4×12−3×1
=1
And,

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𝑓(1) = 5×1 − 4
=1
∴ lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(1)
$ →6 $ →6

So, 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at x = 1.

Q10

ƒ(x) =
LHL at x = 2
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim( 𝑥 − 1
$ →'( $ →'

=2−1
=1
RHL at x = 2
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 2𝑥 − 3
$ →'4 $ →'

= 2×2−3
=1
And,
𝑓(2) = 2×2−3
=1
∴ lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(2)
$ →' $ →'

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So, 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at x = 2.

Q11

ƒ(x) =
LHL at x = 0
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim( − cos 𝑥
$ →.( $ →.

= − cos 0°
=−1
RHL at x = 0
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim( cos 𝑥
$ →.4 $ →.

= cos 0°
=1
∴ lim( 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ≠ lim4 𝑓 (𝑥)
$ →. $ →.

So, 𝑓(𝑥) is discontinuous at x = 0.

Q12

ƒ(x) =
LHL at x = a
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;($;Q)
lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim(
$ →Q $ →Q $;Q

=−1
RHL at x = a
($;Q)
lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4
$ →Q $ →Q $;Q

=1
∴ lim( 𝑓(𝑥 ) ≠ lim4 𝑓(𝑥 )
$ →Q $ →Q

So, 𝑓(𝑥) is discontinuous at x = a.

Q13

ƒ(x) =
LHL at x = 0
$;(;$)
lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim(
$ →. $ →. '
'$
= lim(
$ →. '

= lim( 𝑥
$ →.

=0
RHL at x = 0
$;$
lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4
$ →. $ →. '

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.
= lim(
$ →. '

=0
And,
𝑓(0) = 2
∴ lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(𝑥) ≠ 𝑓(0)
$ →. $ →.

So, 𝑓(𝑥) is discontinuous at x = 0.

Q14

f(x) =
LHL at x = 0
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim( 𝑓(0 − ℎ)
$ →.( - →.
6
= lim( sin
- →. ;-

= lim( −∞
- →.

= −∞
RHL at x = 0
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(0 + ℎ)
$ →.4 - →.
6
= lim4 sin
- →. -

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= lim( ∞
- →.

=∞
∴ lim( 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ≠ lim4 𝑓 (𝑥)
$ →. $ →.

So, 𝑓(𝑥) is discontinuous at x = 0.

Q15

ƒ(x) =
LHL at x = 2
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim( 2𝑥
$ →'( $ →'

=2×2
=4
RHL at x = 2
lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑥 '
$ →' $ →'

= 22
=4
And,
𝑓(2) = 2
∴ lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(𝑥) ≠ 𝑓(2)
$ →' $ →'
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So, 𝑓(𝑥) is discontinuous at x = 2.

Q16

ƒ(x) =
LHL at x = 0
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim( −𝑥
$ →.( $ →.

=−0
=0
RHL at x = 0
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim 𝑥
$ →.4 $ →.

=0
And,
𝑓(0) = 1
∴ lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(𝑥) ≠ 𝑓(0)
$ →. $ →.

So, 𝑓(𝑥) is discontinuous at x = 0.

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Q17

ƒ(x) =
LHL at x = 0
@AB '$
lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim(
$ →. $ →. >$
@AB '$
= lim( ×2
$ →. '$ × >
6 @AB $
= ×2 [∵ lim = 1]
> $ →. $
'
=
>

Similarly, RHL at x = 0
'
lim4 𝑓(𝑥) =
$ →. >

Since 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at x = 0.

∴ lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(0)
$ →. $ →.

Thus,
'
λ=
>

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Q18

ƒ(x) =
LHL at x = -1
$ : ;'$;9
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim (
$ →;6( $ →;6 $=6

$ : ;9$=$;9
= lim
$ →;6( $=6
$($;9)=6($;9)
= lim (
$ →;6 $=6
($=6)($;9)
= lim (
$ →;6 $=6

= lim ( 𝑥 − 3
$ →;6

= −1 – 3
=−4
Similarly, RHL at x = -1
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = −4
$ →.4

Since 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at x = −1.

∴ lim ( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim 4 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(−1)
$ →;6 $ →;6

Thus,
λ=−4

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Q19

ƒ(x) =
LHL at x = 2
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim( 2𝑥 + 1
$ →'( $ →'

= 2×2 + 1
=5
Similarly, RHL at x = 2
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 3𝑥 − 1
$ →'4 $ →'

= 3×2 – 1
=5
Since 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at x = 2.
∴ lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(2)
$ →' $ →'

Thus,
k=5

Q20

ƒ(x) =
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LHL at x = 3
$ : ;U
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim(
$ →9( $ →9 $;9
($=9)($;9)
= lim(
$ →9 $;9

= lim( 𝑥 + 3
$ →9

=3+3
=6
Similarly, RHL at x = 3
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 6
$ →94

Since 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at x = 3.

∴ lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(3)
$ →9 $ →9

Thus,
k=6

Q21

ƒ(x) =
𝝅
LHL at x =
𝟐

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𝝅
lim
𝝅(
𝑓(𝑥) = lim( 𝑓( − ℎ)
$ → 𝟐 - →. 𝟐

𝝅
XYZH ( 𝟐 ;-)
= lim( 𝝅
- →. [;'( 𝟐 ;-)

X @AB -
= lim(
- →. [;[='-
X @AB -
= lim(
- →. '-
X
=
'
𝝅
Similarly, RHL at x =
𝟐

lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = 6
𝝅
$ →
𝟐
𝝅
Since 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at x = .
𝟐
𝝅
∴ lim
𝝅(
𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓( )
$ → 𝟐 𝝅 𝟐
$ →
𝟐

Thus,
X
=3
'

k=6

Q22

f(x) =
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LHL at x = 0
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim( 𝑓(0 − ℎ)
$ →.( - →.
6
= lim( (−ℎ)' sin
- →. ;-

=0
RHL at x = 0
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(0 + ℎ)
$ →.4 - →.
6
= lim4(ℎ)' sin
- →. -

=0
And,
𝑓(0) = 0
∴ lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(0)
$ →. $ →.

So, 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at x = 0.

Q23

ƒ(x) =
LHL at x = 1
lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim( 𝑥 ' + 1
$ →6 $ →6

=1+1

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=2
RHL at x = 1
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑥 + 1
$ →64 $ →6

=1+1
=2
And,
𝑓(1) = 1 + 1
=2
∴ lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(1)
$ →6 $ →6

So, 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at x = 1.

Q24

ƒ(x) =
LHL at x = 2
lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim( 𝑥 9 − 3
$ →' $ →'

= 23 − 3
=5
RHL at x = 2
lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑥 ' + 1
$ →' $ →'

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= 22 + 1
=5
And,
𝑓(2) = 23 − 3
=5
∴ lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(2)
$ →' $ →'

So, 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at x = 2.

Q25

ƒ(x) =
LHL at x = 2
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim( 5
$ →'( $ →'

=5
Similarly, RHL at x = 2
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏
$ →'4 $ →'

= 2a + b
Since 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at x = 2.
∴ 2a + b = 5 −−−−−−−−−−−−− Eq. i
Now,
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LHL at x = 10
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim ( 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏
$ →6.( $ →6.

= 10a + b
Similarly, RHL at x = 10
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim 4 21
$ →6.4 $ →6.

= 21 −−−−−−−−−−−−−− Eq. ii
Since 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at x = 10.
∴ 10a + b = 21
Solving Eq. i and ii, we get:
a = 2 and b = 1

Q26

ƒ(x) =
LHL at x = 0
[
lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim( a sin (𝑥 + 1)
$ →. $ →. '
[
= a sin (0 + 1)
'
[
= a sin
'

=a×1=a
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Similarly, RHL at x = 0
_`B $;@AB $
lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4
$ →. $ →. $a
bcd K
; @AB $
= lim efb K
$ →.4 $a
@AB $;@AB $YZH $
= lim4
$ →. FG@ $×$ a
@AB $(6;FG@ $)
= lim4
$ →. FG@ $×$ a
K
@AB $ ×'HIJ: :
= lim4
$ →. FG@ $×$ : ×$
K
@AB $ ×'HIJ: :
= lim4 :
$ →. FG@ $×K ×$×M
L

'
= lim4
$ →. MYZH $
'
=
MYZH.°
6
=
'

Since 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at x = 0.

∴ lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(𝑥)
$ →. $ →.

Thus,
6
a=
'

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Q27
𝟑 − 𝒙, 𝒙 ≤ 𝟑
f(x) = h
𝒙 − 𝟑, 𝒙 ≥ 𝟑
LHL at x = 3
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim( 3 − 𝑥
$ →9( $ →9

=3−3
=0
RHL at x = 3
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑥 − 3
$ →94 $ →9

=3−3
=0
And,
𝑓(3) = 0
∴ lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(3)
$ →9 $ →9

So, 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at x = 3

Now, for Differentiability:
LHD at x = 3
n(9;- );n(9)
lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim(
- →. - →. ;-
9;(9;-);.
= lim(
- →. ;-

= −1
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RHD at x = 3
n(9=- );n(9)
lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4
- →. - →. -
(9=-);9;.
= lim(
- →. -

=1
LHD at x = 3 ≠ RHD at x = 3
Thus, f(x) is not differentiable at x = 3.

Exercise 9B
Q1

f(x) =
LHL at x = 0
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim( 5 − 3𝑥
$ →.( $ →.

= 5 – 3×0
=5
RHL at x = 0
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 7𝑥 + 5
$ →.4 $ →.

= 7×0 + 5
=5
And,
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𝑓(0) = 7×0 + 5
=5
∴ lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(0)
$ →. $ →.

So, 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at x = 0.

Q2

f(x) =
LHL at x = 0
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim( sin 𝑥
$ →.( $ →.

= sin 0°
=0
RHL at x = 0
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑥
$ →.4 $ →.

=0
And,
𝑓(0) = 0
∴ lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(0)
$ →. $ →.

So, 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at x = 0.

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Q3

ƒ(x) =
LHL at x = 1
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim( 𝑓(1 − ℎ)
$ →6( - →.
(6;-)p ;6
= lim
- →.( (6;- );6
(6;-)p ;6p ($)p ;Qp
= lim [ lim ( ) = 𝑛𝑎J;6 ]
- →.( (6;- );6 $ →. $ ;Q

= n(1)n−1
=n
RHL at x = 1
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(1 + ℎ)
$ →64 - →.
(6=-)p ;6
= lim
- →.4 (6=- );6
(6=-)p ;6p ($)p ;Qp
= lim [ lim ( ) = 𝑛𝑎J;6 ]
- →.4 (6=- );6 $ →. $ ;Q

= n(1)n−1
=n
And,
𝑓(1) = n
∴ lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(1)
$ →6 $ →6

Class XII www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions



So, 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at x = 1.

Q4
f(x) = sec x
6
⇒ f(x) =
FG@ $

Since, cos x is a continuous function for every x∈R

So, sec x as the quotient of two continuous
functions is continuous for every x except where the denominator is
zero.
⇒ sec x in undefined where cos x = 0,
[ [
and it happens at (- , )
' '
[ [
sec x is undefined at (- , )
' '
[ [
Thus, sec x is continuous on the open interval (- , )
' '

Q5
ƒ(x) = sec |x|
LHL at x = c
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim( 𝑓(𝑐 − ℎ)
$ →Y ( - →.

= lim( sec |𝑐 − ℎ|
- →.

= sec |c|
Class XII www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions


RHL at x = c
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(𝑐 + ℎ)
$ →Y 4 - →.

= lim4 sec |𝑐 + ℎ|
- →.

= sec |c|
And,
𝑓(𝑐) = sec |c|
∴ lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑐)
$ →Y $ →Y

So, 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at x = c, where c is any real number.

Q6
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
, 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒙 ≠ 𝟎
ƒ(x) = w 𝒙
𝟐, 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒙 = 𝟎
LHL at x = 0
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim( 𝑓(0 − ℎ)
$ →.( - →.
HIJ(.;-)
= lim( (.;- )
- →.
@AB(;-)
= lim( (;- )
- →.

=1
RHL at x = 0
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(0 + ℎ)
$ →.4 - →.

Class XII www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions


HIJ(.=-)
= lim4 (.=- )
- →.
@AB -
= lim4
- →. -

=1
And,
𝑓(0) = 2
∴ lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(𝑥) ≠ 𝑓(0)
$ →. $ →.

So, 𝑓(𝑥) is discontinuous at x = 0.

Q7
f(x) = [x]
Let x = n, where n ∈ I
f(x) = [n]
⇒ f(x) = n
LHL at x = n
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim([𝑥]
$ →J( $ →J

=n−1
RHL at x = n
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4[𝑥]
$ →J4 $ →J

=n

Class XII www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions



∴ lim( 𝑓(𝑥 ) ≠ lim 𝑓(𝑥 )

$ →J $ →J

So, 𝑓(𝑥) is discontinuous at x = n.

Q8

f(x) =
LHL at x = 2
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim( 2𝑥 − 1
$ →'( $ →'

= 2(2) – 1
=3
RHL at x = 2
9$
lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4
$ →' $ →' '
9×'
=
'

=3
And,
9×'
𝑓(2) =
'

=3
∴ lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(2)
$ →' $ →'

Class XII www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions



So, 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at x = 2.

Q9

f(x) =
LHL at x = 0
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim( 𝑓(0 − ℎ)
$ →.( - →.

= lim((0 − ℎ)
- →.

= lim((−ℎ)
- →.

=0
RHL at x = 0
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(0 + ℎ)
$ →.4 - →.

= lim4(0 + ℎ)
- →.

= lim4(ℎ)
- →.

=0
And,
𝑓(0) = 1
∴ lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(𝑥) ≠ 𝑓(0)
$ →. $ →.

So, 𝑓(𝑥) is discontinuous at x = 0.

Class XII www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions



Q10
(𝒙𝟑 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟐), 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 ≠ 𝟏
f(x) = ƒ
𝟒, 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟏
LHL at x = 1
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim( 𝑓(1 − ℎ)
$ →6( - →.

= lim((1 − ℎ)
- →.

= lim((1 − ℎ)9 + (1 − ℎ)' + 2(1 − ℎ) − 2

- →.

= 1−1+2−2
=0
RHL at x = 1
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(1 + ℎ)
$ →64 - →.

= lim4(1 + ℎ)
- →.

= lim4(1 + ℎ)9 + (1 + ℎ)' + 2(1 + ℎ) − 2

- →.

= 1−1+2−2
=0
And,
𝑓(1) = 4
∴ lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(𝑥) ≠ 𝑓(1)
$ →6 $ →6

So, 𝑓(𝑥) is discontinuous at x = 1.

Class XII www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions



Q11
f(x) = |x| + |x−1|
Interval: [−1, 2]
LHL at x = 1
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim( 𝑓(−1 − ℎ)
$ →;6( - →.

= lim(|−1 − ℎ| + | − 1 − ℎ − 1|
- →.

= lim(|−1 − 0| + | − 1 − 0 − 1|
- →.

= 1+2
=3
RHL at x = 2
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(2 + ℎ)
$ →'4 - →.

= lim4|2 + ℎ| + |2 + ℎ − 1|
- →.

= lim4|2 + 0| + |2 + 0 − 1|
- →.

=2+1
=3
And,
𝑓(−1) = 3
∴ lim ( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(−1)
$ →;6 $ →'

So, 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at [−1, 2].

Class XII www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions



Exercise 9C
Q1
f(x) = 𝒙𝟑
LHL at x = 3
lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim( 𝒙𝟑
$ →9 $ →9

= 39
=9
RHL at x = 3
lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝒙𝟑
$ →9 $ →9

= 39
=9
And,
𝑓(3) = 9
∴ lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(3)
$ →9 $ →9

So, 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at x = 3

Now, for Differentiability:
LHD at x = 3
n(9;- );n(9)
lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim(
- →. - →. ;-

(9;-)a ;9a
= lim(
- →. ;-

Class XII www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions



= 27
RHD at x = 3
n(9=- );n(9)
lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4
- →. - →. -

(9=-)a ;9a
= lim(
- →. -

= 27
LHD at x = 3 = RHD at x = 3
Thus, f(x) is differentiable at x = 3.

Q2
𝟏
f(x) = (𝒙 − 𝟏) 𝟑

LHD at x = 1
n(6;- );n(6)
lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim(
- →. - →. ;-
ˆ ˆ
(6;-;6) ;(6;6)a
a
= lim(
- →. ;-
ˆ ˆ
(;-)a ;(.)a
= lim(
- →. ;-
.
=
.

= Not defined
RHD at x = 1

Class XII www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions


n(6=- );n(6)
lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4
- →. - →. -
ˆ ˆ
(6=-;6) ;(6;6)a
a
= lim(
- →. ;-
ˆ ˆ
(-)a ;(.)a
= lim(
- →. -
.
=
.

= Not defined
Since LHD and RHD does not exist
Thus, f(x) is not differentiable at x = 1.

Q3
Let p be a constant function
⇒ f(x) = p
Q;Q
f ’(x) = lim
- →. -
.
= lim
- →. -

=0
Thus, differentiation of a constant function is always 0.

Class XII www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions



Q4
f(x) = |x−5|
LHL at x = 5
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim((5 − 𝑥)
$ →>( $ →>

= 5−5
=0
RHL at x = 5
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4(𝑥 − 5)
$ →>4 $ →>

= 5−5
=0
And,
𝑓(5) = |5−5| = 0
∴ lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(5)
$ →> $ →>

So, 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at x = 5

Now, for Differentiability:
LHD at x = 5
n(>;- );n(>)
lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim(
- →. - →. ;-
|>;(>;-)|;|>;>|
= lim(
- →. ;-
-
= lim(
- →. ;-

Class XII www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions



= −1
RHD at x = 5
n(>=- );n(>)
lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4
- →. - →. -
|(>=- );>|;|>;>|
= lim(
- →. -
-
= lim(
- →. -

=1
LHD at x = 5 ≠ RHD at x = 5
Thus, f(x) is not differentiable at x = 5.

Q5
𝟐 − 𝒙, 𝒙 ≥ 𝟏
f(x) = h
𝒙, 𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏
LHL at x = 1
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim( 𝑥 = 1
$ →6( $ →6

RHL at x = 3
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 2 − 𝑥
$ →64 $ →6

=2−1
=1
And,
𝑓(1) = 1
Class XII www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions


∴ lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(1)

$ →6 $ →6

So, 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at x = 1

Now, for Differentiability:
LHD at x = 1
n(6;- );n(6)
lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim(
- →. - →. ;-
(6;-);6
= lim(
- →. ;-

=1
RHD at x = 1
n(6=- );n(6)
lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4
- →. - →. -
';(6=-);(';6)
= lim(
- →. -

= −1
LHD at x = 1 ≠ RHD at x = 1
Thus, f(x) is not differentiable at x = 1.

Q6
f(x) = [x]
LHL at x = 2
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim([𝑥]
$ →'( $ →'

=2–1=1
Class XII www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions


RHL at x = 2
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4[𝑥]
$ →'4 $ →'

=2
∴ lim( 𝑓 (𝑥 ) ≠ lim4 𝑓 (𝑥)
$ →' $ →'

So, 𝑓(𝑥) is discontinuous at x = 2.

Now, for Differentiability:
LHD at x = 2
n(';- );n(')
lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim(
- →. - →. ;-

=∞
RHD at x = 1
n('=- );n(')
lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4
- →. - →. -

=0
LHD at x = 2 ≠ RHD at x = 2
Thus, f(x) is not differentiable at x = 2.

Q7
𝟏 − 𝒙, 𝒙 < 𝟏
f(x) = ƒ
𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏, 𝒙 ≥ 𝟏
LHL at x = 1
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim( 1 − 𝑥 = 0
$ →6( $ →6

Class XII www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions



RHL at x = 1
lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏
$ →6 $ →6

=1−1
=0
And,
𝑓(1) = 0
∴ lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(1)
$ →6 $ →6

So, 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at x = 1

Now, for Differentiability:
LHD at x = 1
n(6;- );n(6)
lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim(
- →. - →. ;-
6;(6;-);(6;6)
= lim(
- →. ;-

= −1
RHD at x = 1
n(6=- );n(6)
lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4
- →. - →. -

(6=-): ;6;(6;6)
= lim(
- →. -
-(-=')
= lim(
- →. -

=2
LHD at x = 1 ≠ RHD at x = 1
Class XII www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions


Thus, f(x) is not differentiable at x = 1.

Q8
𝟐 + 𝒙, 𝒙 ≥ 𝟎
f(x) = h
𝟐 − 𝒙, 𝒙 < 𝟎
LHD at x = 0
n(.;- );n(.)
lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim(
- →. - →. ;-
';(.;-);(')
= lim(
- →. ;-

= −1
RHD at x = 0
n(.=- );n(.)
lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4
- →. - →. -
'=(.=-);'
= lim4
- →. -

=1
LHD at x = 0 ≠ RHD at x = 0
Thus, f(x) is not differentiable at x = 0.

Q9
f(x) = |x|
LHD at x = 2

Class XII www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions


n(';- );n(')
lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim(
- →. - →. ;-
|';-|;|'|
= lim(
- →. ;-

=1
RHD at x = 2
n('=- );n(')
lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4
- →. - →. -
|'=-|;|'|
= lim4
- →. -

=1
LHD at x = 2 = RHD at x = 2
Thus, f(x) is differentiable at x = 2.
⇒ f ’(2) = 1

Q10
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 + 𝒂, 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏
f(x) = ƒ
𝒃𝒙 + 𝟐, 𝒙 > 𝟏
LHD at x = 1
n(6;- );n(6)
lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim(
- →. - →. ;-

[(6;-): =9(6;-)=Q];[6=9=Q]
= lim(
- →. ;-

=5
RHD at x = 1
Class XII www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions

n(6=- );n(6)
lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4
- →. - →. -
[•(6=-)='];[•=']
= lim4
- →. -

=b
Since, f(x) is differentiable.
LHD at x = 0 = RHD at x = 0
⇒ 5=b
Now, we know that f(x) is continuous at x=1
∴ lim( 𝑓(𝑥) = lim4 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(1)
$ →6 $ →6

⇒ lim(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 + 𝒂 = lim4𝒃𝒙 + 𝟐=1+ 3+ a

$ →6 $ →6

⇒a–b+2=0
Putting value of b = 5
⇒a–5+2=0
⇒a=3

Class XII www.vedantu.com RS Aggarwal Solutions