Department of Education

Grade 11: EAPP

Gathering Information from Surveys,
Experiments, or Observations
Second Quarter – WEEK 7

Glenn C. Maratas
Writer

Glendle L. Lunar
Dr. Florante C. Marmeto
Validators
Josephine M. Montero
Cecilia Teresa C. Claudel
Marie Ann R. Esmeria
Dr. Ma. Carmen D. Solayao
Quality Assurance Team

Schools Division Office – Muntinlupa City

Student Center for Life Skills Bldg., Centennial Ave., Brgy. Tunasan, Muntinlupa City
(02) 8805-9935 / (02) 8805-9940
 This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
gather information from surveys, experiments or observations. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language
used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of the students.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Define data collection;
2. Differentiate methods of data collection;
3. Gather a survey, experiment or observation on a given topic; and
4. Present results from a survey, experiment or observation.

Directions: Match the term in Column A with its definition in Column B.

Write the letter of the correct answer on the space provided.
Answer Column A Column B
1. Controlled Ob- a. It is a systematic method of collecting and
servation measuring data gathered from different sources of
information in order to provide answers to relevant
questions. An accurate evaluation of collected data
can help researchers predict future phenomenon and
trends.
2. Data b. This involves the collection of data from
Collection already published text available in the public
domain.
3. Document and c. Information are gathered through questionnaire,
Records mostly based on individual or group experiences
regarding a particular phenomenon.
4. Experimental d. It is a qualitative method of data collection whose
Research results are based on intensive engagement with
respondents about a particular study.
5. Interview e. This method of information gathering is used by
monitoring participants in a specific situation or
environment at a given time and day.
6. Literature f. These are the standards, rules, or tests that serve
Sources as the bases for judgments.

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 7. Natural Obser- g. It is when the researcher uses a standardized
vation procedure of observing participants or the
environment.
8. Observations h. It is when participants are being observed in their
natural conditions.
9. Participant i. It is where the researcher becomes part of the group
Observation being studied.

10. Survey j. This is the process of examining existing data of an

organization for tracking changes over a period of
time.
k. It is a research method where the causal
relationship between two variables is being examined.
One of the variables can be manipulated, and the
other is measured.

Directions: Determine whether each of the following statements is open-ended

question or closed-ended question in surveys. Write the answer on the space pro-
vided.
1. How did you and your best friend meet? __________________________
2. What is your favorite memory from childhood? ___________________________
3. Is that your final answer? ___________________________
4. Were you planning on becoming a teacher? __________________________
5. What do you plan to do immediately following graduation from Senior High
School? ________________________
6. How will you help the company if you are hired to work for us?
__________________________
7. Should I call her and sort things out? _____________________________
8. Is it wrong to want to live on my own at this age? __________________________
9. What were the most important wars fought in the history of the Philippines?
____________________________
10. Have you already completed your homework? ______________________________

https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-open-ended-and-closed-ended-
questions.html

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 There are a lot of ways in gathering information, but importantly to say, there
are no best methods of gathering information. How data are being gathered depends
on the researcher’s nature of research or the phenomenon being studied.
In any level of research work, gathering data is a critical aspect. It will surely
impact the findings of the study, thereby leading to false or irreplaceable outcome if
data are inaccurately collected. The discussion on what is data collection and
methods of data collection by Calictus Mbachu will help you on the ways in gathering
information.

What is data collection?

Data collection is a systematic method of collecting and measuring data

gathered from different sources of information in order to provide answers to
relevant questions. An accurate evaluation of collected data can help researchers
predict future phenomenon and trends.
Data collection can be classified into two, namely: primary and secondary data.
Primary data are raw data i.e. fresh and are collected for the first time. Secondary
data, on the other hand, are data that were previously collected and tested.

Methods of data collection

The system of data collection is based on the type of study being conducted.
Depending on the researcher’s research plan and design, there are several ways
data can be collected.
The most commonly used methods are: published literature sources, surveys (email
and mail), interviews (telephone, face-to-face or focus group), observations,
documents and records, and experiments.

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1. Literature sources
This involves the collection of data from already published text available in
the public domain. Literature sources can include: textbooks, government or
private companies’ reports, newspapers, magazines, online published papers and
articles.
This method of data collection is referred to as secondary data collection. In
comparison to primary data collection, it is inexpensive and not time consuming.
2. Surveys
Survey is another method of gathering information for research purposes.
Information are gathered through questionnaire, mostly based on individual or
group experiences regarding a particular phenomenon.
There are several ways by which this information can be collected. Most notable
ways are: web-based questionnaire and paper-based questionnaire (printed form).
The results of this method of data collection are generally easy to analyze.

3. Interviews
Interview is a qualitative method of data collection whose results are based
on intensive engagement with respondents about a particular study. Usually,
interviews are used in order to collect in-depth responses from the professionals
being interviewed.
Interview can be structured (formal), semi-structured or unstructured (informal).
In essence, an interview method of data collection can be conducted through face-
to-face meeting with the interviewee(s) or through telephone.
4. Observations
Observation method of information gathering is used by monitoring
participants in a specific situation or environment at a given time and day.
Basically, researchers observe the behavior of the surrounding environments or
people that are being studied. This type of study can be controlled, natural or par-
ticipant.
Controlled observation is when the researcher uses a standardized procedure of
observing participants or the environment. Natural observation is when
participants are being observed in their natural conditions. Participant observation
is where the researcher becomes part of the group being studied.

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 5. Documents and records
This is the process of examining existing documents and records of an
organization for tracking changes over a period of time. Records can be tracked by
examining call logs, email logs, databases, minutes of meetings, staff reports,
information logs, etc.
For instance, an organization may want to understand why there are lots of
negative reviews and complains from customer about its products or services. In
this case, the organization will look into records of their products or services and
recorded interaction of employees with customers.
6. Experiments
Experimental research is a research method where the causal relationship
between two variables is being examined. One of the variables can be manipulated,
and the other is measured. These two variables are classified as dependent and
independent variables.
In experimental research, data are mostly collected based on the cause and
effect of the two variables being studied. This type of research is common among
medical researchers, and it uses quantitative research approach.

Calictus Mbachu, 6 Methods to Collect Data for Your Market Research : 2018. Re-
trieved from https://medium.com/@callygood/6-methods-of-data-collection-
e946e993b930

Activity 1: The following questions are descriptive-correlational assimilation on the

respondent’s profile, feeling about learning English, English as an international
language, and English as a treat in the cultural identity.

Directions: Select 20 students in the same grade level in the school where you are
studying and ask them to answer the survey form on the next page. After answering
the survey form, ask them to return it to you and do the tally. Compute the weighted
mean, and identify the scaled level.

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Example:
PART II SA A D SD TOTAL WEIGHTED INTER-
(4) (3) (2) (1) MEAN PRETA-
TION
1 8 12 0 0 20 3.40 A- Agree
2 13 5 2 0 20 3.55 SA-
Strongly
Agree

To get the Weighted Mean:

(SA x No. of SA Respondents) + (A x No. of A Respondents) + (D x No. of D

Respondents) + (SD x No. of SD Respondents)/ 20 = Weighted Mean

1. (4x8)+(3x12)+(2x0)+(1x0)/20= 3.40
2. (4x13)+(3x5)+(2x2)+(1x0)/20= 3.55

Directions: Answer the following questions. Write your answer on the

space provided.

1. What are the classifications of data collection?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. Name five (5) literature sources which are available in the public domain.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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 3. What is the purpose of a survey?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

4. Why do interviewers ask questions?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

5. What does experimental research distinguish from the other data collection
methods?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Directions: Get the meaning of these words from any dictionary to further strengthen
your knowledge about gathering information from surveys, experiments or
observations.

Words Meaning from Dictionary

Research
Tally Sheet
Rubric
Qualitative
Quantitative
Case Study
Independent Variable
Dependent Variable
Journal
Plagiarism

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Directions: Write T if the statement is True, F if the statement is False.

1. Primary data are data that were previously collected and tested, however,
secondary data are raw data i.e. fresh and are collected for the first time. _____
2. An accurate research of collected data can help researchers predict future
phenomenon and trends. ______
3. The system of data collection is based on the type of study being conducted.
_____
4. Survey is inexpensive and not time consuming. ______
5. In observation, information is gathered through questionnaire, mostly based
on individual or group experiences regarding a particular phenomenon. ______
6. An interview method of data collection can be conducted through face-to-face
meeting with the interviewee(s) or through telephone. ______
7. Natural observation is when the researcher uses a standardized procedure of
observing participants or the environment. ______
8. Controlled observation is where the researcher becomes part of the group being
studied. ______
9. In experimental research, data are mostly collected based on the cause and
effect of the two variables being studied. This type of research is common
among medical researchers, and it uses qualitative research approach. ______
10. Records can be tracked by examining call logs, email logs, databases, minutes
of meetings, staff reports, information logs, etc. ______

REFERENCES:

Calictus Mbachu, 6 Methods to Collect Data for Your Market Research: 2018.
Retrieved from https://medium.com/@callygood/6-methods-of-data-collection-
e946e993b930

https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-open-ended-and-closed-ended-
questions.html

9
 10
POST-TEST LOOKING BACK PRE-TEST
1. Closed-ended 1. g
2. Closed-ended 2. a
1. F 3. Open-ended 3. j
2. F 4. Open-ended 4. k
3. T 5. Closed-ended 5. d
6. Closed-ended 6. b
4. F 7. Open-ended 7. h
5. F 8. Open-ended 8. e
6. T 9. Closed-ended 9. i
7. F 10. Open-ended 10. c
8. F
9. F
10. T
ANSWER KEY