PE MIDTERM
The History of Volleyball in the Philippines Volleyball
Philippines
- had more influence over the style of modern volleyball
than you might think.
Philippine Volleyball Players
- invented the set and spike.
800 Million People
- number of people that plays volleyball at least once a
week, according to information from the Westlake High
School physical education department.
364 Calories Per Hour
- calories burn for a 200-pound person.
Origins
1910
- history of volleyball in the Philippines dates back.
Elwood S. Brown
- Physical Director of the YMCA.
- first introduced volleyball to the Philippines in the year
1910.
Philippine People
- began to play volleyball as a backyard sport and games
of beach volleyball soon followed, according to information
from the Philippine Volleyball Federation, or PVF.
Between Two Trees
- where players hung the net.
Three-Hit Limit
- created by Philippine Players to make it more challenging.
Americans
- inspired by the Philippine style of Volleyball to create the
three-hit limit, according to information on the PVF website.
Set and Spike
- also known as Filipino Bomb.
- new experimented technique created by Philippine
Volleyball Players.
Spiking the Ball
- offensive passing style, one player hits the volleyball and
sends it high in the air to set it up for another player on her
team. A second player then strikes the ball sending it over
the net at a downward angle.
Philippine Amateur Volleyball Association
- birthed on July 4, 1961.
- director for the Playground and Recreation Bureau,
members of the business community and others gathered
to create an organized volleyball association in the
Philippines.
- is currently called the Philippine Volleyball Federation.
- is affiliated with and accredited by the Philippine Olympic
Committee, Asian Volleyball Confederation and the
Federation International de Volleyball.
History of Volleyball
- played by two teams, usually of six players on a side, in
which the players use their hands to bat a ball back and
forth over a high net, trying to make the ball touch the court
within the opponents’ playing area before it can be
returned.
- was invented in 1895 by William G. Morgan.
- was designed as an indoor sport for businessmen who
found the new game of basketball too vigorous.
- called the sport “mintonette,” until a professor from
Springfield College in Massachusetts noted the volleying
nature of play and proposed the name of “volleyball.”
- this game soon proved to have wide appeal for both
sexes in schools, playgrounds, the armed forces, and other
organizations in the United States, and it was subsequently
introduced to other countries.
- consists of two teams of six players each, separated by a
net.
William G. Morgan
- physical director of the Young Men’s Christian
Association (YMCA) in Holyoke, Massachusetts.
- invented the Volleyball in 1895.
Official Handbook of the Athletic League of the Young
Men’s Christian Associations of North America (1897)
- first edition and original rules written by William G.
Morgan.
1916
- the year when rules were issued jointly by the YMCA and
the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).
National YMCA Physical Education Committee
- conducted the first nationwide tournament in the United
States in New York City in 1922.
New York City
- where first nationwide tournament of Volleyball was
conducted.
1922
- the year when the first nationwide tournament of
Volleyball was conducted in New York City.
United States Volleyball Association (USVBA)
- was formed in 1928 and recognized as the rules-making,
governing body in the United States.
- now known as USA Volleyball (USAV).
- was one of the 13 charter members of the FIVB, whose
membership grew to more than 210 member countries by
the late 20th century.
1928
- the year when United States Volleyball Association
(USVBA) was formed.
USA Volleyball (USAV)
- has conducted annual national men’s and senior men’s
(age 35 and older) volleyball championships, except during
1944 and 1945.

1949
- women’s division was started.
1977
- senior women’s division (age 30 and older) was added.
Europe
- the country where Americans troops introduced Volleyball
during World War I, and national organizations were
formed.
Fédération Internationale de Volley Ball (FIVB)
- was organized in Paris in 1947 and moved
to Lausanne, Switzerland, in 1984.
- sponsored world volleyball championships (for men only
in 1949; for both men and women in 1952 and succeeding
years) led to acceptance of standardized playing rules and
officiating.
1913
- year when International Volleyball Competition began with
the first Far East Games, in Manila.
Manila
- where the International Volleyball Competition was held.
Asia  - the beach where the first official Beach Volleyball
- during the early 1900s and continuing until after World
War II, volleyball was played on a larger court, with a lower
net, and nine players on a team.
1964
- Volleyball became an Olympic sport for both men and
women at the 1964 Olympic Games in Tokyo.
Tokyo
- where the 1964 Olympic Games was held.
European Championships
- were long dominated by Czechoslovakian, Hungarian,
Polish, Bulgarian, Romanian, and Soviet (later, Russian)
teams.
Soviet Teams
- have won more titles, both men’s and women’s, than
those of any other nation.
- success was attributed to widespread grassroots interest
and well-organized play and instruction at all levels of skill.
Japanese Women’s Team
- Olympic Champions in 1964.
- composed of young women working for the sponsoring
company devoted their free time to conditioning, team
practice, and competition under expert and demanding
coaching.
- made its mark in international competition, winning the
World Championship in 1962, 1966, and 1967, in addition
to the 1964 Olympics.
Cuban Women’s Team
- at the end of the 20th century, they dominated both the
World Championships and the Olympics.
Pan American Games
- involving South, Central, and North America. Added
volleyball in 1955, and Brazil, Mexico, Canada, Cuba, and
the United States are frequent contenders for top honors.
In Asia, China, Japan, and Korea dominate competition.
Beach Volleyball
- is played in Australia, New Zealand, and throughout the
South Pacific.
- as its name implies, on a sand court with two players per
team.
- was introduced in California in 1930.
- was added to the roster of the 1996 Olympic Games in
Atlanta, Georgia.
1930
- the year when Beach Volleyball was introduced in
California.
1948
- year when the first official Beach Volleyball Tournament
was held Will Rogers State Beach, in Santa Monica,
California.
Will Rogers State Beach
Tournament was held in Santa Monica, California.
1969
- year when the four-year cycle of international volleyball
events began, recommended by the FIVB. Began with
World Cup championships, to be held in the year following
the Olympic Games; the second year is the World
Championships; in the third the regional events are held;
and in the fourth year the Olympic Games.
1986
- the year when the first FIVB-sanctioned world
championship was held at Rio de Janeiro.
Rio de Janeiro
- where the first FIVB-sanctioned world championship was
held.
1996
- year when Beach Volleyball was added to the roster of
the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta, Georgia.
Atlanta, Georgia
- where the 1996 Olympic Games was held.
Basic Volleyball Rules and Terminology
Six Volleyball Court Positions
1. Setter
2. Middle Blocker
3. Outside Hitter
4. Opposite Hitter
5. Libero
6. Serving Specialist
 - the back boundary of the court. Also called the end line.

Indoor Volleyball Court Dimensions Block

9 meters by 18 meters - one of the six basic skills
- official indoor court dimension. - a defensive play by one or more front-row players meant
to intercept a spiked ball. The combination of one, two or
3 meters three players jumping in front of the opposing spiker and
- attack line from the center line on each side of the court. contacting the spiked ball with the hands.

2.24m (7’ feet 41/8’’ inches) Blocking Error

- net height for women. - touching the net, crossing the center line, blocking a set
or serve or any other “local” violation that occurs while
2.43m (7’ feet 115/8’’ inches) making a block attempt.
- net height for men.
Center Line
32’’ inches (.81m) - the boundary that runs under the net and divides the court
- antenna from top of net, into two equal halves.

39’’ (.99m) Cover

- net tall. - refers to the hitter having his/her teammates ready to
retrieve rebounds from the opposing blockers.
23’ feet (7m)
- ceiling clearance recommendation. Cross-Court Attack
- an attack directed diagonally from the point of attack.
2’’ inches (5cm) - also called an angle hit.
- court line width.
Cut Shot
6’ feet (2m) - a spike from the hitter’s strong side that travels at a sharp
- minimum exterior boundary lines. angle across the net.

10’ feet (3m) Deep

- recommended exterior boundary lines.
Basic Volleyball Terminology
Ace
- a serve that results directly in a point, either when the ball
hits the floor on the receiving team’s side of the court
untouched or is touched but unable to be kept in play by
the receiving team.
Assist
- when a player sets, passes or digs the ball directly to a
teammate who attacks the ball and gets a kill.
Attack
- the action of attempting to hit the ball onto the opponent's
side of the court. Types of attacks include a spike, tip, roll
shot and dump.
Attacker
- also "hitter" and "spiker."
- a player who attempts to hit a ball offensively with the
purpose of terminating play.
Back Row Attack
- when a back row player takes off from behind the attack
line (10-foot/3-meter) line and attacks the ball.
Back Set
- a set delivered to a hitter behind the setter.
Baseline
- refers to sending the ball away from the net, toward the
baseline of the opponent’s court.
Defense
- it also one of the 6 basic skills
- the key skills used to receive the opponent's attack are
digging and sprawling. the sprawl is a result of an
attempted dig for a ball hit farther away from the defender.
It resembles a dive.
Dig
- resembles a forearm pass from a low ready position and
is used more for balls that are hit near the defender.
- passing a spiked or rapidly hit ball and low to ground.
Defensive play. Slang for retrieving an attacked ball close
to the floor. Statistically scored on a 3.0 point system.
Sprawl
- is a result of an attempted dig for a ball hit farther away
from the defender. It resembles a dive.
Dink
- a one-handed, soft hit into the opponent’s court using the
fingertips. Also called a tip.
Double Block
- two players working in unison to intercept a ball at the net.
Double Hit
- violation. Two successive hits by the same player.
Dump Lineup
- usually performed by the setter, who delivers the ball into - players starting rotation and, therefore, serving order.
the opponent’s court on the second contact. Numbered 1,2,3,4,5,6.

Five-One (5-1) Line Shot

- an offensive system that uses five hitters and one setter.
Floater
- a serve with no spin so the ball follows an erratic path.
Forearm Pass
- sometimes referred to as the “pass,” “bump” or “dig”.
Four-Two (4-2)
- an offensive system using four hitters and two setters.
- a ball spiked along an opponent’s sideline, closest to the
hitter and outside the block.
Middle Blocker
- usually plays in the middle of the net when in the front row
and moves laterally to her blocking assignments.
Mintonette
- the original name of the game of volleyball, created by
William Morgan.

Free Ball Off-Speed Shots

- returning the ball to the opponent without the intent to get - an attack that is intentionally slow. Ball spiked with less
a kill. Usually a slow, arcing pass or “roll” shot rather than a than maximum force but with spin.
spike. - also called “roll” shot.

Game Plan Opposite

- offensive and defensive emphasis for an opponent.
Usually organized for each rotation by the coaching staff.
Hit
- one of the 6 basic skills. To jump and strike the ball with
an overhand, forceful shot.
Joust
- when 2 opposing players contact the ball simultaneously
above the net causing the ball to momentarily come to rest;
the point is replayed if this is called by the official.
Jump Serve
- the server uses an approach, toss, takeoff and serves the
ball with a spiking motion while in the air. There are two
main types: jump float, jump spin.
Key Player/Play
- to discern a team’s best player or probable next play by
observation of patterns or habits.
- player who plays opposite the setter in the rotation. In
some systems, this player is also a setter.
- in other systems, this player is called a right-side.
Outside Hitter
- usually plays at the ends of the net when in the front row.
- also called right-side (opposite) or left side (power).
Overhand Pass
- a pass with both hands open that is controlled by the
fingers, with the face below the ball. Both hands
simultaneously contact the ball above the head and direct it
to the intended target.
Overhand Serve
- serving the ball and striking it with the hand above the
shoulder. Float or spin.
Overpass
- a ball passed across the net.

Kill
- an attack that results directly in a point or side out.
Libero
- a player specialized in defensive skills.
- this player must wear a contrasting jersey color from his
or her teammates and cannot block or attack the ball when
it is entirely above net height. When the ball is not in play,
the libero can replace any back row player without prior
notice to the officials.
Linesman
- officials located at the corners of the court.
- is responsible for ruling if the ball is legally in play along
the lines for which he or she is responsible. For indicating
touches and play outside of the antennae on their side of
the net.
Pass
- one of the 6 basic skills. Receiving a serve or the first
contact of the ball with the intent to control the ball to
another player.
- also called a “bump”.
Pancake
- one-hand floor defensive technique where the hand is
extended and slid along the floor palm down while the
player dives or extension rolls so the ball bounces off the
back of the hand and is considered legal.
Pipe
- a back row attack from the middle of the court. Position 6.
Play
- an attack with a planned fake, usually including 2 or more
hitter.
Quick Set
- an extremely low vertical set used to beat the opponent’s
block. Can be set at any position on the net.
Red card
- given by the official to a player or coach for flagrant
misconduct resulting in a point/side out to the opponent.
Results in automatic ejection and a point/side out for the
opponent.
- a ball contacted with force by a player on the offensive
team who intends to terminate the ball on the opponent’s
floor or off the opponent’s blocker.
Split Block
- a double-block that leaves a space between the blockers.
Substitution
- allows one player to replace another player already on the
court. Rules dictate the number of subs each team is
allowed.

Rotation Switch
- the clockwise movement of players around the court and - to change court positions after a ball is served to facilitate
through the serving position following a side out. Players strongest player positions.
must retain their initial rotational order throughout the entire
game, but once the ball is contacted on serve they are Tape
allowed to move anywhere. - the top of the net.

Serve Tip
- one of the 6 basic skills. Used to put the ball into play. It is - a one-handed, soft hit into the opponent’s court using the
the only skill controlled exclusively by one player. fingertips.
- also called a dink.
Set
- one of the 6 basic skills. The tactical skill in which a ball is Tool
directed to a point where a player can spike it into the - when an attacker hits the ball off an opposing blocker’s
opponent’s court. arms out of bounds.
- can be set at different heights and different locations on - also called a wipe.
the net and offensively there are names for each of these.
- sets can also be named. Touch
- a player contacting the ball on the defensive play.
Set Attack
- when a setter attempts to score rather than set the ball to Transition
a setter. - to switch from offense to defense and vice versa.
- also called a shoot set.
Triple-Block
Setter - block formed by all 3 front-row players.
- the second passer whose job it is to position a pass to the
hitter. Underhand Serve
- a serve performed with an underhand striking action. The
Side out ball is usually contacted with the heel of the hand.
- change of service when a serving team has failed to
score a point. Yellow Card
- occurs when the receiving team successfully puts the ball - given by the official to a player or coach as a warning of
away against the serving team, or when the serving team misconduct. Two yellow cards result in an automatic red
commits an unforced error. card.

Six-Pack Volleyball Officials

- being hit in the face with the ball. First Referee
- has authority over all other members of the officiating
Six-Two (6-2) crew.
- an offense with four spikers and two spiker/setters. Setter - should talk to all the officiating crew members before the
comes from the back row. match starts, going over any questions officials might have
about their responsibilities. 
Slide/Step - should have a talk with the second referee before the
- a quick attack behind the setter. match starts discussing issues such as pre-match protocol
and anything that will help the match run more smoothly.
Spike
- also called a hit or attack. Second Referee
- should establish a rapport with the scorekeeper and libero
tracker. If the scorer and libero tracker have a problem or
don't understand something, they should be comfortable
enough to ask the second referee for help.

Scorekeeper
- main job is to make sure the score is correct at all times.
- uses a score sheet to keep track of the game.
- should fill in the pre-match info, team names, starting line
ups, etc.
- records points when they are scored.
- watches the servers and indicates immediately to the
referees when a server has served out of order. 
- records player substitutions and team timeouts.
- records any sanctions.
- records all other events as instructed by the referees.
- records the final result of the set.
- lets the game captain write a statement for protest on the
score sheet.
- records the final result of the match.
- signs the score sheet.

Visual Score
- should be changed to match the score on the score sheet
unless the mistake on the score sheet can be determined
and corrected.

Assistant Scorer
- also called libero tracker, sits at the scorer's table next to
the scorekeeper.
- main function is to record libero replacements on to a
libero tracking sheet.
- notifies any fault with libero replacements.
- operates the manual scoreboard on the scorer's table.
- checks the score on the scoreboard with the score on the
score sheet.

Line Judges
- they stand at the corner of the end-line that is closest to
the right hand of each referee, diagonally from the corner.
- watch the end-line and sideline of their respective
corners.
- main responsibility is to make signals to help out the
referees in making judgment calls.
- may be instructed to use flags to make the signals.

Four Line Judges

- are used FIVB and Official Competitions.

Free Zone
- where line judge stands 1 to 3 meters away.

The Line Judges Signal

 Ball "in" and "out" whenever the ball lands near the
lines
 Touches of "out" balls by players receiving the ball
 Ball touching the antennae
 A served ball crossing the net outside the crossing
space (the space between the antennae's)
 Any player standing off the court at the moment of
service
 Server foot faults