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TỔNG HỢP DESTINATION C12
UNIT 07 - grammar

I. 06 LÝ DO SỬ DỤNG BỊ ĐỘNG

1. When we don’t know who does/did EX: The car was stolen at
something approximately 1.30 am.
→ Khi chúng ta không biết ai thực hiện
hành động
2. When it’s obvious whodoes/did EX: Having been introduced in
something 1988, the Road Traffic Act regulates
→ Khi biết rõ ai thực hiện hành động (rút all vehicle use on UK roads.
gọn câu)
3. When it's not important who does/did EX: The XL500 was designed with
something young families in mind, so there’s
→ Khi không quan trọng ai đã thực hiện plenty of room in the boot.
hành động.
4. To emphasise new information (which EX: This type of submarine was
appears at the end of the sentence) developed during the Second World
→ Để nhấn mạnh thông tin mới, thông War by the Americans.
thường xuất hiện ở cuối câu.
5. To avoid starting clauses with long EX: We were surprised by the
expressions number of people trying to leave the
→ Để tránh bắt đầu mệnh đề quá dài city for the long weekend.

6. To produce a formal style EX: All passengers are required to

→ Để tạo ra một phong cách trịnh trọng present their ticket to the inspector.

II. IMPERSONAL PASSIVE / BỊ ĐỘNG KHÁCH QUAN

Công thức S + be + to Vbare / to have V3/ed

There + be + to Vbare / to have V3/ed
Động từ hay agree assume believe claim consider
sử dụng
estimate expect feel find guarantee
know mean presume regard report
say suppose think understand …
Ví dụ - Tourism is expected to become a major part of the country’s

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economy.
- There are reported to have been a record number of accidents
on the roads this year.
Công thức It + be + V3 + that + S + V
Động từ hay accept agree argue assume believe
sử dụng
calculate claim consider estimate expect
feel know presume report say
suggest suppose think understand …
Ví dụ It is thought that the new railway will provide employment
opportunities for local people.

III. DẠNG BỊ ĐỘNG CHO ĐỘNG TỪ CÓ 2 TÂN NGỮ (TRỰC TIẾP & GIÁN TIẾP)
 Some verbs in active sentences can be followed by both a direct and an indirect
object (usually a person).
 Common verbs as following:
bring buy get give leave lend make
offer owe pass pay promise refuse send
show take teach tell write …

 There are two possible passive forms.

Cấu trúc 1 Sử dụng tân ngữ gián tiếp indirect object
EX: Jill was given the plane tickets (by Michael).
Cấu trúc 2 Sử dụng tân ngữ trực tiếp direct object
→ có thể lược bỏ giới từ trước direct object.
EX: The plane tickets were given to Jill (by Michael).
Với explain & suggest
→ có thể lược bỏ giới từ trước indirect object pronouns.
→ Không sử dụng với cấu trúc 1
CHÚ Ý
 I was explained how to drive the train
 how to drive the train was explained me
 How to drive the train was explained to me.

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IV. CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP TRÁNH SỬ DỤNG BỊ ĐỘNG/ AVOIDING THE PASSIVE
 The passive is not normally used with verbs in the present perfect continuous,
past perfect continuous, future continuous or future perfect continuous tenses.
 Various prepositional phrases are used to avoid the passive in these tenses,
including the following.
In progress  Preparations for the flight will be being made as the President
arrives at the airport.
 Preparations for the flight will be in progress as the President
arrives at the airport.
In training  At the end of this year, I will have been being trained as a pilot
for four years.
 At the end of this year, I will have been in training as a pilot for
four years.
On display  Vintage cars have been being displayed in the town centre all
this week.
 Vintage cars have been on display in the town centre all this
week.
Under  By the time they came to a decision, the problem had been being
consideratio considered for some time.
n  By the time they came to a decision, the problem had been under
consideration for some time.
Under  The new railway station has been being built for two years now.
construction  The new railway station has been under construction for two
years now.

CHÚ Ý

 Some verbs are not usually used in the passive. They include intransitive verbs:
appear, arrive, die…
 Many verbs used statively are also not usually used in the passive. They
include consist, deserve, fit, have, lack, look, mind, realise, resemble, seem,
suit,…
 The verb “let” is not used in the passive when it means “allow”, although phrasal
verbs with let can be used in the passive.
EX: Alice was clearly guilty, but she was let off with an warning.
 Những động từ “hear”, “help”, “make” & “see” có thể theo sau Vbare (trong câu
chủ động) và To Vbare (trong câu bị động).
EX: We heard Jim say he was going to Albania. (active)

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EX: Jim was heard to say he was going to Albania. (passive)

V. BỊ ĐỘNG THỂ SAI KHIẾN

A. GET/HAVE STH DONE (BỊ ĐỘNG SAI KHIẾN, NHỜ VẢ)

1. Actions we arrange for other people to do for us

→ Hành động được người khác làm cho chúng ta
EX: Did you finally get your bike fixed?
2. Things we experience (usually negative and not intended)
→ Điều mà chúng ta trải nghiệm thông thường là phủ định và không có ý định
nhắm đến.
EX: I heard that Susie had her motorbike stolen.
WATCH OUT
In general, “get” is more informal than “have”
We can use other verbs instead of get/ have such as: need, want and would
like.
Get sth done = finish doing sth
EX:We’ll set off as soon as I’ve got car fixed.

B. GET SB TO DO / HAVE SB DO

Actions we make somebody/something do for us

EX: Did you get Alex to drive you all the way to London?

C. GET / HAVE SB DOING

Actions we make somebody/something start doing.

EX: Don't worry. We'll soon have your car running like new.
WATCH OUT

Most of the time, we do not show who does/did an action (the ‘agent’) in a
passive or causative sentence. When we do want to refer to the agent, we
use by.
EX: We should get the car looked at by a professional.
When we want to refer to materials or instruments used in a passive or
causative sentence, we use with.
EX: The engine is started with a special electronic card instead of a key.
We use other prepositions after some past participles that are used like
adjectives.
EX: I am frightened of driving on motorways.

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VI. MỘT SỐ TỪ VỰNG UNIT 7/ INSTRUCTED BY OTTO TRUNG

Stt Từ/cụm từ Nghĩa Tiếng Việt tham khảo

1. issue (v) phát hành, được lưu hành
2. issue (n) sự phát hành, kết quả, vấn đề
3. cheer (n/v) sự vui vẻ/ làm vui vẻ
4. wire coat hanger (n phr) móc treo quần áo
5. parliament (n) nghị viện, nghị trường
6. sort out (phr v) sắp xếp, phân loại
7. steward/stewardess (n) người phục vụ nam/ nữ
8. soap opera (n phr) phim truyền hình dài tập
9. attic (n) gác mái
10. open-air (n phr) ngoài trời
11. crates (n) thùng, sọt, giỏ
12. vicar (n) cha sở, cha sứ (tôn giáo)
13. civilian use (n phr) việc sử dụng của người dân
14. concrete slab (n phr) tấm bê tông
15. floating island (n phr) đảo nổi
16. fuel pump (n phr) máy bơm nhiên liệu
17. depressed (adj) chán nản, thất vọng
18. a ball of wool (n phr) cuộn len
19. juggle (v) tung hứng
20. measure (n) biện pháp
21. scramjet (n) động cơ phản lực tĩnh siêu âm
22. experimental type of engine (n phr) động cơ đang ở giai đoạn thực nghiệm
23. conventional jet engine (n phr) động cơ phản lực hiện thời
24. suck into (phr v) hút vào trong
25. ignite (v) đốt cháy, bắt lửa
26. thrust (n) sự đẩy, sức đè, sức ép
27. supersonic (adj) siêu âm, nhanh hơn tiếng động

THE END

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