MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 2020 FLUID MECHANICS 2 LAB

Experiment # 04
Objective:
Measurement of flow rate using 90° notch.
Apparatus:
 Volumetric hydraulic bench attached with flow measuring tank
 Open channel flow
 V-notch with 90°
 Stop watch

Notch Apparatus

Theory:
Notch:
A notch may be defined as an opening in one side of a tank or a reservoir, like a large orifice,
with the upstream liquid level below the top edge of the opening.

NAME:M.OSAMA ASIF REGISTRATION # 2020-UET-NFC-FD-MECH-39

 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 2020 FLUID MECHANICS 2 LAB

Notch

Triangular notch:
It is of different angles 30°,60° , 90°

The volumetric flow rate of open channel flow using triangular or V-notch is measured by
following formula:

8 5 θ
Q= (tan )
15 H 2
√ 2 g 2
Volumetric flow rate:
The volumetric flow rate (also known as volume flow rate, rate of fluid flow or volume
velocity) is the volume of fluid which passes per unit time.
Formula:

dV
V̇ =Q=
dt

NAME:M.OSAMA ASIF REGISTRATION # 2020-UET-NFC-FD-MECH-39

 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 2020 FLUID MECHANICS 2 LAB

Unit:  
Cubic meters per second (m3/s )
Coefficient of Discharge:
The coefficient of discharge is the ratio of the actual discharge to the theoretical discharge.
Q act
C d=
Q th
Hook gage:
It is used to determine the depth of flow in open channel.

Derivation of flow rate or Volumetric flow rate equation

using V-notch:
Consider fluid is flowing in an open channel to find the volumetric flow rate of fluid flowing
in open channel we use V-notch having angleθ at apex ,the fluid flowing through the notch
having the shape of notch.

The front view of V-notch is taken under steady condition and the height of nappe is H.

As we know,
Q= Av
Considering the thin area of a fluid flow in the rectangular form having volumetric flow rate
dQ and area dA . So,
dQ =dAv (1)
θ
dA=2 ( H−h ) (tan ) dh (2)
2
And
v=√ 2 gh (3)
So, eq 1 will be
θ
dQ =2 √ 2 gh ( H −h ) (tan )dh
2

NAME:M.OSAMA ASIF REGISTRATION # 2020-UET-NFC-FD-MECH-39

 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 2020 FLUID MECHANICS 2 LAB
Separating constants and variables we get
θ
dQ=2 √2 g ( H √ h−h √ h ) ( tan ) dh (4)
2
To get full flow rate through V-notch taking integration of eq 4
Q H

∫ δ Q=(tan θ2 )2 √ 2 g ∫ (H √h−h √ h ¿ ) dh ¿
0 0

( )
3 5
θ 2 2
Q=2 √ 2 g (tan ) H h 2 − h 2
2 3 5
8 5 θ
Q= ( tan ) (5)
15 H 2
√ 2 g 2

Equation no 5 is to find theoretically the volumetric flow rate flowing in open channel
through V-notch.

Procedure:
 Set the V-notch of 90° in the channel of hydraulic bench
 Set the hook gage in the channel of hydraulic bench such that the needle and apex of
notch are at same level.
 Turn on the pump and open the central valve and adjust the valve to obtain the head at
stable condition of flow.
 Take the reading of volume of water and time using stop watch.
 Repeat steps 3 and 4 increasing the flow rate of water by using valve and measure the
corresponding head.

Observations:

Sr Quantity Time Head Flow Rate Flow Rate (theoretical) Coefficient of

no V t H V 8 5 θ discharge
Qact = Q= ( tan )
(m3) (s) (m) t 15 H 2
√ 2 g 2 Q
(m3s-1) 3 -1 C d= act
(m s ) Q th

01

02

03

NAME:M.OSAMA ASIF REGISTRATION # 2020-UET-NFC-FD-MECH-39

 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 2020 FLUID MECHANICS 2 LAB
Calculations:

NAME:M.OSAMA ASIF REGISTRATION # 2020-UET-NFC-FD-MECH-39

 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 2020 FLUID MECHANICS 2 LAB

Conclusions:

NAME:M.OSAMA ASIF REGISTRATION # 2020-UET-NFC-FD-MECH-39

 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 2020 FLUID MECHANICS 2 LAB

NAME:M.OSAMA ASIF REGISTRATION # 2020-UET-NFC-FD-MECH-39