MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 2020 FLUID MECHANICS 2 LAB

Experiment # 03
Objective:

To find the co-efficient of discharge (C d) through a 300 triangular notch (V-notch) over
a weir.

Apparatus:

 Volumetric bench
 Weir
 Stop watch
 Stopper
 Co-efficient of discharge apparatus

Notch Apparatus

Theory:

The most common types of sharp-crested weir are the rectangular weir and the triangular

weirs. The triangular weir or V-notch is preferable to the rectangular weir for the

measurement of wide range of flow.

NAME: M.OSAMA ASIF RGISTRATION # 2020-UET-NFC-FD-MECH-39

 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 2020 FLUID MECHANICS 2 LAB
V-notch:
A triangular notch is also called a V-notch. Consider a triangular notch, in one side of the
tank, over which water is flowing as shown in figure.

Triangular Notch

Weir:
A structure, used to dam up a stream or river, over which the water flows, is called a weir.
The conditions of flow, in the case of a weir, are practically the same as those of a rectangular
notch. That is why, a notch is, sometimes, called as a weir and vice versa.

Types of Weir

NAME: M.OSAMA ASIF RGISTRATION # 2020-UET-NFC-FD-MECH-39

 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 2020 FLUID MECHANICS 2 LAB

Difference between a weir and a notch:

Notches are openings which is used to measure discharge through it. However, a Weir is a
notch but in a very large scale. ...
A weir is a notch on a large scale, used, for example, to measure the flow of a river, and may
be sharp edged or have a substantial breadth in the direction of flow.

Derivation of flow rate or Volumetric flow rate equation

using V-notch:
Consider fluid is flowing in an open channel to find the volumetric flow rate of fluid flowing in
open channel we use V-notch having angleθ at apex ,the fluid flowing through the notch having
the shape of notch.

The front view of V-notch is taken under steady condition and the height of nappe is H.

As we know,
Q= Av
Considering the thin area of a fluid flow in the rectangular form having volumetric flow rate
dQ and area dA . So,
dQ =dAv (1)
θ
dA=2 ( H−h ) (tan ) dh (2)
2
And
v=√ 2 gh (3)
So, eq 1 will be
θ
dQ =2 √ 2 gh ( H −h ) (tan )dh
2
Separating constants and variables we get
θ
dQ =2 √2 g ( H √ h−h √ h ) ( tan ) dh (4)
2
To get full flow rate through V-notch taking integration of eq 4
Q H
θ
∫ δ Q=(tan 2 ) 2 √ 2 g ∫ ( H √h−h √ h ¿ ) dh ¿
0 0

NAME: M.OSAMA ASIF RGISTRATION # 2020-UET-NFC-FD-MECH-39

 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 2020 FLUID MECHANICS 2 LAB

( )
3 5
θ 2 2
Q=2 √ 2 g (tan ) H h − h 2 2
2 3 5
8 5 θ
Q= ( tan ) (5)
15 H √2 g
2
2

Equation no 5 is to find theoretically the volumetric flow rate flowing in open channel through
V-notch.

Procedure:
 Position the weir plate at the end of approach channel, in a vertical plane, with the
sharp edge on the upstream side.
 Admit water to channel until the water discharges over the weir plate.
 Close the flow control valve and allow water to stop flowing over weir.
 Set the point gauge to a datum reading.
 Position the gauge about half way between the notch plate and stilling baffle.
 Admit water to the channel and adjust flow control valve to obtain heads, H,
increasing in steps of 1 cm.
 For each flow rate, stabilize conditions, measure and record H.
 Take readings of volume and time using the volumetric tank to determine the flow
rate.

NAME: M.OSAMA ASIF RGISTRATION # 2020-UET-NFC-FD-MECH-39

 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 2020 FLUID MECHANICS 2 LAB

Observations:

𝑽
Sr.no Quantit Time t Q= Hea Q(Th)= 𝑸
. y 𝒕 8 5 𝑪𝒅=
(s) d Q= H 2
√2 g 𝑸(𝑻
3
(cm /s) 15 𝒉)
V θ
(H) (tan )
(cm )3 2
(cm)
1

Calculations:

NAME: M.OSAMA ASIF RGISTRATION # 2020-UET-NFC-FD-MECH-39

 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 2020 FLUID MECHANICS 2 LAB

Conclusions:

NAME: M.OSAMA ASIF RGISTRATION # 2020-UET-NFC-FD-MECH-39

 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 2020 FLUID MECHANICS 2 LAB

NAME: M.OSAMA ASIF RGISTRATION # 2020-UET-NFC-FD-MECH-39