A 5 Storey Green Restaurant and Hotel Using Various Waste Glass Bottles As An Admixture To The Mortar Mixture For Plaster in Palos Verdes Antipolo City

Rizal Technological University
College of Engineering and Industrial Technology i

Department of Civil Engineering
A 5-Storey Green Restaurant and Hotel Using Various Waste

Glass Bottles as an Admixture to the Mortar Mixture for
Concrete Works in Palos Verdes, Antipolo City
A Student-Faculty Collaborative Research

Presented to the Faculty of Civil
Engineering Rizal Technological University
Mandaluyong City
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for
the Degree Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
By Group C:
Balugay, John Clark D.
Bibit, Kenneth B.
Dagale, Elicres O.
Garcia, Jimuel C.
Hicarte, Gabriel
C.
Engr. Sherwin Dominguez

Adviser
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College of Engineering and Industrial Technology ii
APPROVAL SHEET
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of
Science in Civil Engineering, this study entitled “A 5-STOREY GREEN
RESTAURANT AND HOTEL USING VARIOUS WASTE GLASS
BOTTLES AS ADMIXTURE TO THE MORTAR MIXTURE FOR PLASTER
IN PALOS
VERDES, ANTIPOLO CITY”, has been submitted and is hereby
recommendedfor approval and acceptance.
December 11, 2021 Engr. Sherwin Dominguez

Date Adviser
Approved as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering by the Oral Examination Committee
Engr. John Paul Reynales

Chairman
Engr. Ramon Christopher Prado Engr. Noel Hugo Binag

Member Member
Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Bachelor

ofScience in Civil Engineering with the grade of .
December 11, 2021 Engr. Corleto Bravo

Date DEAN, CEIT
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, we would like to thank God, the Almighty for his
blessings throughout this research work, we are able to finish it successfully
We would like to express our deep and sincere gratitude to our
research adviser Engr. Sherwin Dominguez for sharing his knowledge and
expertise in this study and for his approval of our thesis title, also we would
like to thank ourresearch/thesis Professor Engr. Noel Binag for letting us
understand the concepts and the ways to interpret them in real-life
situations. Unlimited examples were given in order for us to understand the
content of this study. And of course,our CEAT Department Head Engr.
Caranguian for giving us the opportunity to do research and providing
invaluable guidance throughout this research.
We are extremely grateful to our parents for their love, prayers, caring
andsacrifices for educating and preparing us for our future we are also very
thankful to our classmates, friends, and colleagues for their support,
understanding, and prayers to complete this research work. This thesis
becomes a reality with the kind support and help of many individuals. We
would like to extend our sinceregratitude to them.
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College of Engineering and Industrial Technology iv
DEDICATIONS
I dedicate the proposed research topic to my family, relatives, and
friends who acted as my inspiration. Gratitude for those people who have
helped and encouraged me to finish the research paper. This research will
not be feasible without these people.
I also dedicate this to my future self as to never give up and thrive for
the better. Lastly, I thank the Almighty God, for the never-ending guidance,
support, and protection for myself and my fellow researchers.
- John Clark Balugay
This research is wholeheartedly dedicated to my respective parents, who
have been my constant source of inspiration. They have given me the drive
and discipline to do this study with enthusiast and determination without
their love and support this study would not have been made possible.
I also dedicate this research to my friends who have supported me
throughout the process. I will always appreciate and be grateful for all they
have done.
- Kenneth Bibit
I dedicate my dissertation work to my family and many friends. A special
feeling of gratitude to my loving parents, who have been encouraging and
been my source of inspiration. They have given me the motivation and
discipline to pursue this research with zeal and commitment. This research
would not have been feasible without their love and support.
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College of Engineering and Industrial Technology v
And lastly, we dedicated this research/thesis to the Almighty God, thank
you for the guidance strength, power of the mind, protection, and skills, and
for giving us a healthy life. All of these, we offer to you.
- Elicres Dagale
I dedicate this research to my family who gives me the will and
encouragement to continue this journey despite encountering many
hardships. Also, I dedicate this research to our future selves that I hope we
got the chance to work, to build and innovate this research together in the
future. I would like to give thanks to my friends, my classmates, and of
course to my dear groupmates who are low tempered, very understanding,
and for always guiding me in every situation when I am having difficulty in
any workload. My deepest gratitude to all of you.
- Jimuel Garcia
This study is wholeheartedly offered to my parents who tirelessly guide me
to convince me not to give up on trials and even give me strength and
moral, emotional, spiritual, and financial support.
To my brothers, sisters, relatives, and friends who shared their words of
advice and encouragement to finish this study.
And lastly, I dedicated this book to our almighty God for giving me strength,
guidance, power of mind, protection, skills and healthy life. All of these, I
offer to you.
- Gabriel Hicarte
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College of Engineering and Industrial Technology vi
Abstract
Space on landfills around the world is almost occupied due to the
rising percentage of solid wastes. Glass bottles are one of the leading solid
waste materials that occupy up a lot of space in landfills. In the past years,
several studies with the inclusion of waste glass bottles as an innovative
material were conducted. This study contains research regarding the use of
waste fine glass bottles as an admixture to the mortar mixture for concrete
works in the construction of a 5-storey building in Antipolo, Rizal. The
purpose of this study is to comprehend if waste glass bottles are feasible as
an admixture. The researchers relied on the data from related studies to
comprehend whether the addition of waste glass bottles as an admixture for
concrete works is viable. The researchers conducted this study to help
improve the solid waste management regarding glass bottles in the
community and to help improve the environment. The findings of the study
will help the community in waste management regarding glass bottles and
reduce the environmental impact of waste glass bottles.
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College of Engineering and Industrial Technology vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL SHEET ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
DEDICATION iv
ABSTRACT vi
CHAPTER I
Introduction 1
Background of the Study 1
Conceptual Framework 2
Statement of the Problem 3
Objectives of the Study 4
Statement of the Hypotheses 5
Assumption 5
Significance of the Study 6
Limitations/Delimitations of Study 7
Definition of Terms 7
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College of Engineering and Industrial Technology viii
CHAPTER II
Related Foreign Studies and Literature 9
History of Glass 9
Types of Glass 9
Characteristics of Glass 10
Applications of Waste Glass Bottles
in Civil Engineering 10
Waste-Glass Bottles as Admixture
for Concrete 11
Waste-Glass Bottles as
Fine Aggregates 12
Recycled Glass as Replacement for Sand
in Industrial Flooring 13
Advantages and Disadvantages of Waste-glass Bottles
in Concrete 13
Waste-Glass as Fine Aggegate For
Concrete Brick Production 14
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College of Engineering and Industrial Technology ix
Related Local Studies and Literature 15
DENR Report on Solid
Waste Management 15
Soda-lime Glass and Fly-ash as Replacement for
Coarse Aggregates in Concrete 15
Recycled Glass Bottles as Fine Aggregates
For Concrete 16
Recycled Glass Bottles as Coarse Aggregates
For Concrete 16
Recycled Clear Flat Window in the creation of Non-load
Bearing Concrete Hollow Blocks 17
Fly-ash and Waste Ceramic Tiles
For Concrete 18
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Locale of the Study 19
Research Method/Design 19
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Population Frame/Scheme 20
Description of Subject/ Respondents 20
Research Envrionment 21
Description of Environment 21
Data Gathering Procedure 22
Population and Sample of the Study 23
Statistical Data Treatment 23
CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
Architectural Design 25
Perspective 26
Site Development Plan 26
Vicinity Map 27
Floor Plan 27
Elevation 29
Power Plan 32
Lighting Plan 32
Electrical Plan 27
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Plumbing Plan 35
Water Supply Plan 35
Drainage and Sewer Plan 37
Structural Plan 39
Foundation Plan 39
Framing Plan 40
Details of Stairs 42
Schedule of Slab 42
Schedule of Beams 44
Schedule of Column 48
Schedule of Footing 49
Cost Estimate 51
LEED Criteria 52
One-way ANOVA Summary 56
Expected Benefits of the Study 57
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
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Summary of Findings 56
Conclusion 56
Recommendations 56
APPENDICES
Appendix 1: Survey Questionnaire 62
Appendix 2: Tabulated Survey Data 67
Appendix 3: Online Survey Screen Shot 69
Appendix 4: Photo Documentation of Miniature Development 72
Appendix 5: Screen Shot of Thesis Members Online Meetings 76
CURRICULUM VITAE 77
REFERENCES 78
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Research Paradigm of Study...........................................................2
Figure 2. Perspective....................................................................................26
Figure 3. Site Development Plan..................................................................26
Figure 4. Vicinity Map...................................................................................27
Figure 5 Ground Floor Plan..........................................................................27
Figure 6. Second Floor Plan.........................................................................28
Figure 7. Third to Fifth Floor Plan.................................................................28
Figure 8 Front Elevation................................................................................29
Figure 9 Rear Elevation................................................................................29
Figure 10 Left Side Elevation........................................................................30
Figure 11 Right Side Elevation.....................................................................30
Figure 12 Longitudinal View..........................................................................31
Figure 13 Cross-Sectional View...................................................................31
Figure 14. Ground Floor Lighting Plan..........................................................32
Figure 15. Second Floor Lighting Plan.........................................................33
Figure 16. Third to Fifth Floor Lighting Plan.................................................33
Figure 17. Ground Floor Electrical Plan........................................................34
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Figure 18. Second Floor Electrical Plan.......................................................34
Figure 19. Third to Fifth Floor Electrical Plan...............................................35
Figure 20. Ground Floor Water Supply Plan................................................35
Figure 21. Second Floor Water Supply Plan................................................36
Figure 22. Third to Fifth Floor Water Supply Plan........................................37
Figure 23. Drainage and Sewer Ground Floor Plan.....................................37
Figure 24. Drainage and Sewer Second Floor Plan....................................38
Figure 25. Drainage and Sewer Third to Fifth Floor Plan.............................38
Figure 26. Drainage and Sewer Roof Plan...................................................39
Figure 27. Foundation Plan...........................................................................39
Figure 28. Second Floor Framing Plan.........................................................40
Figure 29. Third to Fifth Floor Framing Plan.................................................41
Figure 30. Roof Framing Plan.......................................................................41
Figure 31. Details of Stairs............................................................................42
Figure 32: 3d Rendered View with Loads.....................................................50
Figure 33. Survey Questionnaire (Information about the Study)..................62
Figure 34. Survey Questionnaire (Respondents’ Information).....................63
Figure 35. Survey Questionnaire (Part A).....................................................64
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Figure 36. Survey Questionnaire (Part B – 1st Part)....................................65
Figure 37. Survey Questionnaire (Part B – 2nd Part)...................................66
Figure 38. Tabulated Survey Data (1st Part)................................................67
Figure 39. Tabulated Survey Data (2nd Part)...............................................68
Figure 40. ONE-WAY ANOVA......................................................................68
Figure 38. Respondents’ Description............................................................69
Figure 39. Table for results of the survey in Performance,
Strength/Durability, Aesthetic, and Maintenance..........................................70
Figure 40. Table for results of the survey in LEED......................................71
Figure 41. Facade Installation of the floors of the miniature of the proposed
project. (1st and 2nd Floor)...........................................................................73
project. (3rd to 5th Floor)..............................................................................74
Figure 43. Final Miniature.............................................................................75
Figure 44. Screen Shot of Thesis Members Online Meetings......................76
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Schedule of Slab at 5m.....................................................................2
Table 2. Schedule of Slab at 8.4m................................................................26
Table 3. Schedule of Slab at 11.8m..............................................................26
Table 4. Schedule of Slab at 18.6m..............................................................27
Table 5. Schedule of Beams at 5m...............................................................27
Table 6. Schedule of Beams at 8.4m............................................................28
Table 7. Schedule of Beams at 11.8m..........................................................28
Table 10. Schedule of Column 1 to 5...........................................................30
Table 11. Schedule of Column 6 to 11.........................................................30
Table 12. Schedule of Column 12 to 16.......................................................31
Table 13. Schedule of Column 17 to 20.......................................................31
Table 14. Footing Schedule..........................................................................32
Table 15. Cost Estimate................................................................................33
Table 16. Mean of the Innovative Special Material Used in
the Building in Terms of Performance, Strength/Durability,
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Aesthetic and Maintenance...........................................................................33
Table 17. Mean of the Innovative Special Material Used in the Building in
Terms of LEED Criteria vis-à-vis Project Design....................................34
Table 18. Data Summary..............................................................................34
Table 19. ANOVA Summary.........................................................................35
Table 20. Mean of the LEED criteria vis-avis Project Design used of LEED
criteria...........................................................................................................35
Table 21. Tabulated Survey Data (1st Part)..................................................36
Table 22. Tabulated Survey Data (2nd Part).................................................37
Table 23. ONE-WAY ANOVA.......................................................................37
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Rizal Technological University 1
College of Engineering and Industrial Technology
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
This study examines the utilization of waste glass bottles as an
admixture in the mortar for plastering that will be utilized in the construction
of the five- storey green restaurant and hotel in Antipolo Rizal. In the
construction of structures, sand is commonly used as a cement mixer in the
manufacture of mortar and as a filler in the construction of the foundation of
the structure being built. To reduce the amount of sand used in construction,
this study was conducted in which cracked and scattered bottles will be
used as a substitute for a considered amount of sand. The waste glass
bottles will go through the process of refining or crushing to achieve its
either fine grain, similar to how finethe sand is. Through collecting the
bottles, this study helps nature by reducing the clutter seen around, and also
reducing the extraction of sands in different parts of the world used in
construction.
When it comes to the money to spend on this, the admixture of various
waste glass bottles is more economical than the original mixture of mortar
sinceit is recycled. The amount to be spent on construction will also be
lower becauseonly a considered amount of sand will be needed here
because the percentageto be deducted from the sand will be filled by the
percentage of the fine glass bottle. The waste glass bottle will be used as a
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mixer for the mortar
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to be applied to the structure and will also serve as a mixer for the cement
plaster in the initialcoating. This project is designed for the construction of
structures that want to be built somewhere. People are also encouraged to
try this method to avoid getting a large amount of sand and also to clean the
surroundings and help restore the former beauty of nature.
Conceptual Framework
The conceptual model that guided the researchers in conducting
thestudy is shown in a paradigm form in figure 1.
Input Process Output
Figure 1
Conceptual
Waste Glassframework on AReferred
5-StoreytoGreen Restaurant and Hotel
A 5-Storey
BottlesVarious
as an Waste glass the previous Green
Using bottles as Admixture to the Mortar
Admixture to the related Restaurant and
Mortar Mixture for for Plaster inPalos
Mixture Verdes, AntipoloHotel
studies and CityUsing
Plaster Sample literatures. Various Waste
Glass Bottles
Construction as Admixture to
Contractors and the Mortar
Future Mixture for
Researchers Plaster in Palos
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Frame 1 represents the sample of waste glass bottles as an Admixture
to theMortar Mixture for Plaster Sample and Construction Contractors and
Future Researchers Participants. While frame 2, speaks with the ways or
processes in conducting the research. Lastly, the third frame which is the
output signifies to determine the 5-Storey Green Restaurant and Hotel
Using Various Waste glass bottlesas Admixture to the Mortar Mixture for
Plaster in Palos Verdes, Antipolo.
Statement of the Problem
The purpose of this study is to propose “A 5-Storey Green Restaurant
and Hotel Using Various Waste glass bottles as Admixture to the Mortar
Mixturefor Plaster in Palos Verdes, Antipolo. Especially, the study attempts
to answer the following questions:
1. What are the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:
 Age
 Gender
2. Evaluation of the extent of innovative special material used in the building
as stated in the title of the thesis in terms of performance,
strength/durability,aesthetic, and maintenance.
3. Evaluation of the extent of the proposed project in terms of:
 Location and Transportation
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 Sustainable Sites
 Water Efficiency
 Energy and Atmosphere
 Materials and Resources
 Indoor Environmental Quality
 Innovation
 Regional Priority
4. What is the most economical estimated cost of the proposed project?
5. Evaluation of the Design of the proposed 5-Storey Green Restaurant and
Hotel.
Objectives of the Study
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of waste glass
bottles as an admixture to the mortar mixture for concrete works. The
researchers found out that glass is fully recyclable and can be recycled
indefinitely without losing its consistency or purity. Furthermore, as glass
shatters, it stays clean and intact, releasing no harmful chemicals into the
soil or concrete. Glass is referred to asa "green" material. Lastly, this
research is looking for a different way to learn about the other advantages of
using waste glass bottles as admixtures to the mortar mixture for plastering.
The objectives of the study are the following:
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1. To demonstrate to the people that waste glass bottles as an
admixture can possibly be used in the development of a concrete
building.
2. To lessen the ratio of fine aggregates to the mixture of mortar cement
and help the environment improve.
3. To assist in the space required for clutters of waste glass bottles in
landfills every year.
4. To help reduce sand extraction and aggregate extraction.
5. To aid the community in solid waste management.
Statement of the Hypotheses
Adding used waste glass bottles as fine aggregates will lessen the
quantity of using fine aggregates in mortar mixture. There will be no
difference when it comes to the result in using various waste glass bottles
and the standardfine aggregates on the mortar mixture.
Ho. There is no significant difference between the mortar mixed with waste
glass bottles and the mortar mixture with standard fine aggregates.
Ha. There is a significant difference between the mortar mixed with waste
glass bottles and the mortar mixture with standard fine aggregates.
Assumption
Utilizing glass bottles as an admixture in mortar mixture will improve
the looks in the outcome as having a glittering look, and it will have the
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same
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effect as the standard mortar mixture. This study will prove that the
utilization of waste glass bottles as an admixture in plastering will reduce the
budget needed in buying fine aggregates. Recycling will also be one of the
effects of utilizing used glass bottles that will have an impact on the
environment and may help alleviate pollution.
Significance of the Study
This study aims to reuse the waste various glass bottles as an
admixture to the mortar mixture for plastering. The results of this study can
be also beneficialto the following groups, institutions, and individuals:
Community. The result of this study as recycling waste such as
various glass bottles will help our community to lessen its rate of waste
considerably.
People. The result of this study may prove helpful to the people by
using waste glass bottles as an admixture to lessen the ratio of the fine
aggregates tothe mortar mixture and will be proved as affordably cheap
since it is a recycled waste.
Construction Contractors. The result of this study will give the
contractors a new raw material as a choice for the mortar mix with a cheap
price than the original mixture of mortar for their potential construction
projects.
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Cement Mixing Company. The result of this study will give a new
product of mortar cement mixture to be sold to the contractors of the
construction projects.
Future Researchers. The result of this study will help future
researchersby using this study as a reference for other related studies.
Limitations/Delimitations of the Study
This study will focus only on using recycled various glass bottles as
an admixture to the mortar, and this mortar is used only for the plastering.
This willdescribe how the admixture is suitable for the mortar cement. This
study was conducted from January 2021 to May 2021.
Definition of Terms
Admixture. An ingredient or material added to a standard mixture.
Cement. A substance that acts as a binder for other materials to create
concrete.
Concrete. A material composed of cement, water, and aggregates.
Fine Aggregates. Materials such as sand or crushed stones are added to
cement and waterto create concrete.
Glass Bottles. Bottles that are made from glass.
Mortar. Building material mixed with water and sand to act as a binder.
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Plaster. Acts as a protective coating for walls or decorative applications.
Recycling. Process of reusing or converting waste material to new products.
Sand. A fine material that used to create concrete with cement, water,
andaggregates
Sand Extraction. Process of acquiring sand on riverbeds and land quarries.
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CHAPTER II
Review of Related Literature and Studies
Various references have been searched and read in order to gather
information that is related to this study.
Related Foreign Studies and Literature
Glass is one of the wastes that is considered non-biodegradable and
will last for a long time. Recycling is one of the solutions that scientists have
proposed to reduce its contribution to pollution. The glass industry
announced reusing 27 million metric tons of various waste glass gathered
from different parts of the world in 2018 (Tiseo, 2020). The first glass
recycling bank started its operation on the 6th day of June 1977 in the UK
when Stanley Race droppedan empty jar on it (Hinston, 2018). This event
started the evolution of recycling various waste glass with machines and
different methods in present times. In the past years, adding glass as an
admixture or replacement for raw materials in the field of construction has
been one of the known ways of recycling.
Based on the article published by the Editors of Encyclopedia
Britannica, there are two types of commercial glass: soda-lime-silica glass
and special glass. The materials used to create these glasses are sand
(silicon dioxide, or SiO2), limestone (calcium carbonate, or CaCO3), and
sodium carbonate (Na2CO3). It shows that glass has the composition of
sand and limestone is
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functional as a pozzolanic material that can be cementitious if mixed with a
proper ratio of water.
Sustainability, easily molded, and recyclable are the characteristics of
glass that make it functional as a construction material (Lad, 2019). Due to
its sustainability, it substantially helps in mitigating climate change and
pollution improving the health of the environment. This material also helps in
saving precious natural resources by being the replacement. It is 100%
recyclable andwill retain its quality and purity no matter how many times it is
recycled. Althoughglass is a solid or hardened material, molding it with
intense heat will change itsform or shape.
Based on the study published by Kazmi, D. et al. (2019), waste
glass has five applications in Civil Engineering: concrete, geotechnical, tile
and brick manufacturing, water filtration and sandblasting, and glass-based
products. Various waste glass applications on concrete can either be a
substitute or admixture for several aggregates in the mixture. For
geotechnical applications,a study conducted by Ali, et. al (2019) showed
that various waste glass works as a footpath base material. The study also
showed that the optimal amount tobe blended is 15% to have workability
and sufficient base strength. In tile and brick manufacturing, a study
published by Akanda et al. (2021) showed that brick-making with various
waste glass is an admixture. The study showed that the bricks created with
a glass-clay mixture have good quality like those with the standard clay
mixture. The
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optimal amount of various waste glass is 30% and will show significant and
standard characteristics compared to 40%. Kamiunten et al. (2016)
showed that mixing various waste glass-fiber- reinforced plastic and clay
can develop a filtering material to cleanse contaminated water.
Supplementing more glass-fiber-reinforced plastic to the clay mixture filters
the turbid water, which contains matters of different sizes. The study also
showed that crushed glass-fiber-reinforced plastic and clay
withpermeabilities of 0.01 cm/s and higher could create or form ceramics.
The last application in civil engineering is a glass-based product. Recycling
the glass will not degrade its quality, and recycling has no limit (Lad, 2019).
The reprocessing of various waste glass consists of processes; crushing it
and removing contaminants, mixing with other raw materials to change its
color or enhance the properties, melting it in a furnace, and molding it to the
desired shape or form (How Are Glass Bottles Recycled? | Recycle Now,
n.d.)
A study conducted by Alrubaie and Salih (2018) showed results or
findings of various waste glass as an admixture of concrete. Glass powder
reacts pozzolanically to cementitious systems, with a strength activity index
value of 84% (Alrubaie and Salih 2018). The same study by Alrubaie and
Salih (2018) exhibits that glass powder, just like cement, can be used as a
cementitious material when mixed with other raw construction materials.
Another finding of the study is that 15% by weight of cement is the optimal
amount of glass powder to replace cement. This finding or result will help
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reducethe quantity of cement and lower the overall cost of the raw materials
needed. The study also showed that concrete with glass powder and
cement requires less water demand and will still have the same feasibility as
concrete with cement only. This result supports the earlier claim that glass
powder can reduce the cost of raw materials and will have the same
workability and strength just like a standard concrete mixture. Concrete with
an optimal amount of glass powder as cement replacement has more
strength development duration than a standard concrete mixture. This last
finding of the study of Alrubaie and Salih(2018) helps prove that glass
powder is useful as a raw material for construction.
Aside from being an admixture in concrete, glass waste powder is
also potent and functional as a fine aggregate (Agarwal et al. 2012). 20% of
glass waste powder as a replacement for fine aggregate exhibits a marginal
increase on the 28th day of the strength of the concrete. Increasing the
replacement levelof glass waste powder with fine aggregates by 30% and
40% shows a decrease in strength development. According to the findings
of Agarwal et al. (2012), theoptimal replacement level of glass waste powder
to fine aggregates is 10%. The 10% replacement level has fast strength
development in 7 days and it will not decrease its strength development in
the following days. This study shows thatglass waste powder is useful as a
fine aggregate with the optimal amount to maximize its potential as a
replacement for other raw materials. Just like the earlier study, this study
provided results
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or findings that help lessen the cost andneed of raw materials for the
concrete mixture.
According to an article published by Hammond (2019) on the website
www.foxnews.com, an Australian team managed to use recycled glass (by
turning it into sand or powder) as a replacement for sand in industrial
flooring. The Australian team discovered that recycled glass powder is
functional to create polymer concrete. Polymer Concrete is a composite
material that consists of synthetic polymer within the binding material
(Mishra). Dr. Riyadh Al-Ameri (Team Leader) stated that the research
provides evidence that glass has potential as a replacement for sand when
manufacturing polymer concrete and concrete. The research found that
polymer concrete with recycled glass powderreplacing the sand has more
strength development. Substituting recycled glassfor sand is beneficial to
the construction industry as it will lessen the quantity ofsand needed.
According to Afshinnia (2019), various waste glass in concrete has
advantages and disadvantages. Glass recycling is time-consuming as
operatorsneed to sort out the source of various waste glass based on the
colors and types. The composition of the glass varies depending on the
color and variety. The powdered glass acts as a natural pozzolan that
improves concrete's properties when mixed with it. Concrete with powdered
various waste glass displays a promising performance in durability and
strength compared to concrete with coarse particles. Aside from powder,
glass can
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still be functional as an aggregate for concrete. The strength of the concrete
with glass as aggregate is equal to the concrete with mineral aggregates.
Kanokkantapong et al.'s (2019) study showed that reusing various
waste glass as fine aggregate for concrete brick production is possible.
According to the findings of the study, various waste glass can replace
mineral aggregates by up to 20% of the total weight of the aggregates,
thereby increasing the compressive strength value. Increased water
absorption, higher porosity, and reduced compressive strength are the
effects of additional various waste glassamount to the earlier amount of
20%. The optimal amount of various waste glassthat shows a significant
increase in compressive strength is the 20% replacement level. The
compressive strength of the brick at 28 days has an increase in
compressive strength of up to 7.61%.
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Related Local Studies and Literature

Based on a report conducted by the DENR, 18.05 million tons is the
expected increase of waste in the Philippines by 2020. One-half of the total
amount of MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) is mostly biodegradable waste.
The accounted value of recyclables is 27.78% of the total amount of MSW
(Municipal Solid Waste), with 31% made up of glass, textile leather, and
rubber. It shows that glass alongside textile leather and rubber are MSWs
that fill most of the landfills in the country. Glass is not biodegradable as it
can stay intact for a longtime without exposure to extreme temperature and
pressure. One of the sought-after solutions in the Philippines to the various
waste glass problem includes recycling and reusing. One of the advantages
of recycling and reusing various waste glass is that it takes up less space in
landfills. Another advantage of thisis reducing the glass industry's
contribution to air pollution, potentially aiding in mitigating climate change.
The findings of the study conducted by Adajar et al. (2019) showed
that the combined mixture of soda-lime glass and fly ash acts as a
replacement for coarse aggregates in the concrete. 30% is the optimal
amount percentage of soda-lime glass that shows positive results in the
compressive strength of the concrete. Exceeding the optimal amount (30%-
31%) may cause a minimal decrease in the compressive strength of the
concrete. The research also demonstrated that the quality and structural
`
integrity of concrete mixed with soda-lime glass and type F fly ash are not
compromised and degraded. The mixture of soda-lime glass and fly ash
uses a class F fly-ash to replace 30% of cement. The findings show that the
utilization of soda-lime glass in concrete produces positive results without
degrading the overall quality of the cement.
Ganiron (2013) discovered that a concrete mixture containing
recycled glass bottles reduces the water to cement ratio based on the
amount present in the sample. As an alternative to fine aggregates, the
cement mixture with crushed recycled glass bottles decreases the unit
weight of the concrete. Utilization of the glass bottles as an alternative for
fine aggregates decreases the cost of the material for the concrete. The
supply of glass bottles is abundant in the market as collectors bought them
for a fair price and reuse them as a new glass product or sell them to
junkshops in bulk. The study also showed that concrete containing fine
aggregates made from glass bottles is unsuitable for structural members
such as columns, beams, and suspended slabs.
Another study conducted by Ganiron (2014) showed that aside from
fine aggregates, recycled glass bottles can also be an alternative for coarse
aggregates. Along with his other study that utilizes glass bottles as fine
aggregates, the findings of the study show that using recycled bottles as an
alternative for coarse aggregates reduces the unit weight of the concrete. It
exhibits the mixture as a green material making it more environmentally
`
friendly than the standard concrete mixture. Lightweight concrete also
lessens the cost of materials compared to conventional concrete. At a 5%
replacement level to coarse aggregates, the concrete mixture at seventh-
day strength depicts a marginal increase. It shows that the utilization of
glass bottles as coarse aggregates exhibits positive results. Another
conclusion showed that the optimal replacement level of glass bottles to
coarse aggregates is 10%. Exceeding the optimal replacement level may
cause a decrease in strength andthe quality of the concrete.
Ganiron (2012) demonstrated the use of recycled clear flat window
glass in the creation of non-load bearing concrete hollow blocks. The
inclusion of recycled clear flat window glass to concrete hollow block
materials reduces thewater-cement ratio based on the quantity present in
the mixture. The study alsoshowed that the use of recycled clear flat window
glass reduces the value for modulus of elasticity as the unit weight of
concrete decreases. It indicates that concrete hollow blocks made by adding
recycled clear fat window glass are notsuitable for structural members such
as columns, beams, and suspended slabs. The finely crushed glass is
capable of manifesting its pozzolanic effect and low moisture content,
allowing the mixture with the ratio of 1:2:4 as load-bearing blocks. With clear
fat window glass's flexibility and demands, it will show an increase in its
availability.
A study conducted by Elevado and Gallardo (2017) showed that
utilization of fly-ash and waste ceramic tiles is functional in concrete

`
production. 15.77% is the attainable least cost reduction of the concrete
production in utilizing fly ash and waste ceramic tiles. In attaining the least
cost of the concrete production, 25% fly ash and 75% waste ceramic tiles
are the optimum combination. It shows that the 1:3 ratio has the lowest
increase in compressivestrength that is suitable in construction. The optimal
mixture is 75% fly ash and 38.25 waste ceramic tiles show a balancing
effect in compressive strengthand cost reduction. The mixture shows a
positive result of a 27.7% increase in compressing strength while reducing
the cost of concrete to 12.5%. It indicates that increasing the percentage of
waste ceramic tiles leads to increasingcompressive strength while lessening
the cost reduction.
`
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter explained the research method used/ design, variables of
the study, population frame and sampling scheme/ subjects of the study,
descriptionof subjects/ respondents, research environment, instruments,
data gathering procedures, and statistical treatment of data.
Locale of the Study
This study was located in Palos Verdes, Antipolo City between
Washington Avenue and Waling-Waling Avenue. It has a vacant lot that is
suitable for the researcher's project that has an area of 800 square meters.
This place has an overlooking view, that's why the researchers want to
make the future guest feel the fresh air of Antipolo away from the cities
below. Comparable to other attractions in Antipolo, the guest can overview
some partsof metro manila. It is 1 hour and 13 minutes and 23.7 away from
Metro Manila
Research Method/ Design
This study utilizes a descriptive research design explaining the topic
of thestudy. It involves the recording analysis and interpretation of the
present nature, composition, or processes of the phenomenon. The focus is
on prevailing conditions on how a person, group, or thing behaves or
functions in
`
the present. It often involves some type of comparison or contrast. The
primary goal of this form of study is to present data and characteristics
about the subject of study. This form of quest aims to learn more about
frequency, average, and other statistical calculations.
In designing the 2d drawing of the proposed project, the researchers
utilized the software AutoCAD. The design of floor plans, power plans,
plumbingplans, and elevations of the proposed project were created through
AutoCAD. For the computation of loads and the schedules of beams, slabs,
footing, and columns, the researchers relied on STAAD software. The 3d
rendered view of the structure was designed and created through Sketchup
and Enscape. The researchers have relied on and utilized the four software
to test and check the proposed project's structural integrity.
Population Frame and Sample Scheme
The researchers will communicate with the people near Palos Verdes,
Antipolo through the use of social media, and will disseminate the survey
questionnaire through the use of Google forms. The sample must be 18
years old and above to be qualified as a potential participant, and they can
be either male or female. This research needs exactly 50 participants.
Description of Subject/Respondents
The researchers will choose 50 participants of respondents that are of
legal age. Respondents of legal age are in a state of mind in which decision-
`
making is a responsibility for the participants' respective lives. As a result,
this study requires the respondents' feedback on disapproving or approving
the use of various waste glass bottles as an admixture to cement mortar for
plastering.The researchers will disseminate a survey questionnaire through
Google form in Palos Verdes, Antipolo. Thus, those participants are around
only the Palos Verdes, Antipolo. The information gathered from the
respondents will be evaluated by the researchers to get valuable results.
Research Environment
The locale of this study will be in F. Manalo St., in front of Pilapil
Tailoring; a clothing store, beside Villarica Pawnshop in Palos Verdes,
Antipolo. This vacant lot has an area of (blank) square meters suitable for
the researchers' project. This place has an overlooking view, which is why
the researchers wantto make the future guests feel the fresh air of Palos
Verdes, Antipolo, away fromthe cities below. Comparable to the other
attractions in Antipolo, the guests willoverview some parts of Metro Manila.
It is forty minutes and
17.8 km away fromPasig, Metro Manila.
Description of Instrument
The method that will guide the researchers for this study is by
gathering data from the people who serve as respondents for the research
survey. The researchers will use descriptive research by conducting a
descriptive survey that consists of ten survey questions. The participants
`
have the right to input
`
their personal information or make it anonymously. The survey forms are
only limited to the place assigned by the researchers. After spreading the
survey forms and finished answering them, the researchers will tally and
tabulate the answers. The ages are 18 years old and above, and no specific
gender.
The researchers will use social media to gather data. The participants
are going to click the link that the researchers provided and answer all the
questionsin the survey forms. Google form is the most reliable for spreading
survey questions. It shows who responded to the survey and the legitimacy
of the person who answered.
Data Gathering Procedure
The researchers devoted a long time, perseverance, and cooperation
to each other, developing the questionnaire to deliver to its intended
respondents.Based on the study of the researchers, conducting the survey
is necessary to find out the answers to the study. The survey questionnaire
consists of questions relating to the participant’s perceptions of research-
related matters. To determine whether the respondents agree or disagree
with a statement. Following the approval of the questionnaires by the
professor, copies were distributed to (50) respondents in order to carry out
the research. Participants were given time to answer the questions, and the
researchers will collect the survey questionnaires. The data gathered from
this research instrument was compiled and calculated for the interpretation
`
of
`
participants included their basic data.
Population and Sample of the Study
The respondents of this study came from Rizal Technological
University.Random sampling is used to select randomly, samples from the
different status of the population. The researchers selected 50 respondents
18 years old orabove to answer the survey questionnaire.
Statistical Data Treatment
Statistical data treatment is required to use the data correctly. Raw
data collection is just one aspect of any experiment. The inclusion of data is
equally important so that appropriate conclusions can be drawn. (Siddharta
Kalla, 2009)
1. Frequency and Percentage Distribution
The frequency and percentage distribution are a display of the data that
refers to the percentage of observations available for each data point or
grouping of data points. The process of creating frequency and percentage
distribution involves the recognition of the total number of observations to
display andcounts the total number of observations within each data point or
grouping of data points.
Formula:
𝒇
𝑷= 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝑵
`
Where: P = percentage
f = frequency
N = number of respondents
The process of finding the "Weighted Mean," which is referred to as the
centraltendency was used. The formula is given below:

𝑓1𝑥1
𝑊𝑥 = ∑
𝑁
Where:
WX = weighted mean
f = frequency distributionx = values of class marks
n = total number of respondents
`
CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
1. Design of 5-Storey Green Restaurant and Hotel Using Various
Waste glass bottles as Admixture to the Mortar Mixture for
Concrete Works in Palos Verdes, Antipolo City.
The proposed project is designated at Palos Verdes, Antipolo City.
The structure is expected to be built utilizing the waste fine glass as an
innovativematerial for mortar mixture for plastering. The proposed
project was based on the Green Program and analyzed through the use
of LEED Criteria. Through the use of LEED Criteria, the project is
expected to aid the environment and boost tourism in the assigned
location.
The following figure shows the overall designs, schedules, and mapping
guide of the proposed project.
I. Architectural Design
The first part of the project design is the architectural design. Below is
theperspective of the proposed 5-storey Green Restaurant and Hotel
Using Various Waste glass bottles as Admixture to the Mortar Mixture
for Plaster to be constructed at Washington Avenue, Palos Verdes
`
Figure 2. Perspective
The figure above was designed using the 3d Point Perspective View
showing the whole view of the appearance of the building.
Figure 3. Site Development Plan
The figure below shows the site development plan of the proposed project. It
defines the location of the proposed project.
`
Figure 4. Vicinity Map
The figure below shows the vicinity map of the proposed project. It defines
the location of the proposed project.
Figures 5 to 7 below show the floor plan of the proposed project showing the
different rooms and components of each area.
Figure 5. Ground Floor Plan
`
Figure 6. Second Floor Plan
Figure 7. Third to Fifth Floor Plan
`
Figures 8 to 11 below show the elevation of the proposed project on each
view.
Figure 8. Front Elevation
Figure 9. Rear Elevation
`
Figure 10. Left Side Elevation
Figure 11. Right Side Elevation
Figures 12 and 13 below show the sectional views of the proposed project
on each view.
`
Figure 12. Longitudinal View
Figure 13. Cross-Sectional View
`
II. Power Plans
The second part of the project design is the power layout plan of the
proposed project.
 Lighting Plan
Figures 14 to 16 below show the Lighting Plan of the proposed
project on each floor.
Figure 14. Ground Floor Lighting Plan
`
Figure 15. Second Floor Lighting Plan
Figure 16. Third to Fifth Floor Lighting Plan
`
 Electrical Plans
Figures 17 to 19 below show the Electrical Plan of the proposed
Figure 17. Ground Floor Electrical Plan
Figure 18. Second Floor Electrical Plan
`
Figure 19. Third to Fifth Floor Electrical Plan
III. Plumbing Plans
The third part of the project design is the plumbing layout plan of the
proposed project.
 Water Supply Plans
Figures 20 to 22 below show the Water Supply Plan of the proposed
Figure 20. Ground Floor Water Supply Plan
`
Figure 21. Second Floor Water Supply Plan
`
Figure 22. Third to Fifth Floor Water Supply Plan
 Drainage and Sewer Plans
Figures 23 to 26 below show the Drainage and Sewer Plan of the
proposed project on each floor and roof.
Figure 23. Drainage and Sewer Ground Floor Plan
`
Figure 24. Drainage and Sewer Second Floor Plan
Figure 25. Drainage and Sewer Third to Fifth Floor Plan
`
Figure 26. Drainage and Sewer Roof Plan
IV. Structural Plans
The fourth part of the project design is the structural layout plan of the
proposed project.
 Foundation Plan
Figures 26 below shows the Foundation Plan of the proposed project
on the ground floor.
Figure 27. Foundation Plan
`
 Framing Plan
Figures 27 to 29 below show the Framing Plan of the proposed
project on each floor and roof.
Figure 28. Second Floor Framing Plan
`
Figure 29. Third to Fifth Floor Framing Plan
Figure 30. Roof Framing Plan
`
V. Scheduling and Detailing
The fifth part of the project design is the scheduling of slab, column,
footing, and beam and detailing of stairs.
Detailing of Stairs
Figure 31. Details of Stairs
 Scheduling of Slab, Beam, Column, and Footing
Table 1. Schedule of Slab at 5m
`
Table 2. Schedule of Slab at 8.4m
`
Table 5. Schedule of Beams at 5m
`
Table 6. Schedule of Beams at 8.4m
`
`
`
Table 10. Schedule of Column 1 to 5
`
Table 14. Footing Schedule
`
3d Rendered View of the Structure using STAAD
Figure 32: 3d Rendered View with Loads
2. Most economical estimated cost of the proposed project.
The proposed project is economically estimated but is still under
analysis and review. The materials are exact and have no additional or
replacement to maintain the economic budget. The proposed project can
withstand the loads without any additional materials or replacements.
Table 10 below shows the most economical estimated cost of
the proposed project.
`
Table 15. Cost Estimate
`
3. Extent of the innovative special material used in the building as
stated in the title of the thesis in terms of performance,
strength/durability, aesthetic and maintenance as to your
perception as respondent.
Mean of the Innovative Special Material Used in the Building in Terms

of Performance, Strength/Durability, Aesthetic and Maintenance
Table 16
As the researchers conduct a study, the researchers need a hand of
the people who stand as the respondents who answered the research
questionnaires. The table above shows the results of the parameters. In the
category performance of the innovative special material used in the
building, out of 50 respondents, there are 24 participants answered
Outstanding, 18 participants answered Very good, 5 participants answered
good, 2 participants answered Fairly Good, and 1 participant answered poor
with a mean of 4.53 and the verbal interpretation is Excellent.
`
In the category Strength/Durability, there are 20 participants who
answered Outstanding, 14 participants answered Very good, 12 participants
answered good, 3 participants answered Fairly good, and 1 participant
answered poor with a mean of 4.61 and the verbal interpretation is
Excellent. In Aesthetic, there are 31 participants who answered
good, 3 participants answered Fairly good, and 1 participant answered poor
with a mean of 4.67 and the verbal interpretation is Excellent.
In Maintenance there are 22 participants who answered Outstanding, 14
participants answered Very good, 11 participants answered good, 2
participants answered Fairly good, and 1 participant answered poor with a
mean of 4.61 and the verbal interpretation is Excellent. In the outcome, the
mean total scored 4.60 which is considered as excellent in verbal
Interpretation.
4. Extent of the proposed project as perceived by the respondents in
terms of LEED criteria.
Mean of the Innovative Special Material Used in the Building in Terms

of LEED Criteria vis-à-vis Project Design
`
Table 17
The table above shows the result of the data that the researchers gathered
in the survey form. In the category location and transportation, there are
21 participants who answered Outstanding, 17 participants answered Very
good, 11 participants answered good, 1 participant answered Fairly good,
and 0 participants answered poor with a mean of 4.42 which means the
verbal interpretation is very good inaccessibility in the area of the proposed
project. In terms of sustainable sites, there are 27 participants who
answered Outstanding, 12 participants answered Very good, 9 participants
answered good, 2 participants answered Fairly good, and 0 participants
answered poor with a mean of 4.34 and the verbal interpretation is very
good.
In lines of water efficiency, there are 25 participants who answered
good and the verbal interpretation is very good, 2 participants answered
Fairly good, and 0 participants answered poor with a mean of 4.26 and the
verbal interpretation is very good. Next is the energy and atmosphere,
`
there are 25 participants who answered Outstanding, 16 participants
answered Very good, 7 participants answered good, 2 participants
answered Fairly good, and 0 participants answered poor with a mean of
4.27 and the verbal interpretation is very good. In terms of materials and
resources, there are 23 participants who answered Outstanding, 19
participant answered Fairly good, and 0 participants answered poor with a
mean of 4.41 and the verbal interpretation is very good.
In Indoor Environmental Quality, there are 25 participants who answered
good, 1 participant answered Fairly good, and 0 participants answered
poor with a mean of 4.36 and the verbal interpretation is very good. In
the Innovation, there are 25 participants who answered Outstanding, 17
participants answered Fairly good, and 0 participants answered poor with a
mean of 4.47 and the verbal interpretation is very good. And lastly Regional
Priority, there are 24 participants who answered Outstanding, 15
participants answered Very Good, 8 participants answered good, 3
participants answered Fairly good, and 0 participants answered poor with a
mean of 4.41 and the verbal interpretation is very good. All the categories
above got very good in verbal interpretation, as a result, the verbal
interpretation is the same and got a total mean of 4.37.
`
One-Way-ANOVA of the Extent of the Innovative Special Material Used
in the Building in Terms of Performance, Strength/Durability, Aesthetic
and Maintenance
Below is the ANOVA using One-Way-ANOVA of the extent of the
innovative special material used in the building in terms of performance,
strength/durability, aesthetic and maintenance and its location.
Table 18
Table 19
As the researchers conducted a survey form to rate the work of the
researchers’ study, 50 respondents were gathered in a different category of
people, whether it is a student, people who live in Antipolo City, or the non -
`
Antipolo area. After the respondents answered the research surveys, the
researchers tallied and tabulated every data gathered.
The table below shows the mean of the LEED criteria vis-avis Project
Design used of LEED criteria.
Table 20
5. Expected benefits of the proposed project to the community.
The proposed project is expected to benefit the residents located near the
designated location of the project.
The expected benefits of the proposed project are:
 It will aid in reducing the space required for waste glass bottles in landfills.
 The significant influence of the proposed study on the environment is
lessening the clutters caused by waste glass bottles.
 Utilizing glass as an admixture is more economical compared to the
standard admixture.
 Glass as a substitute for sand will improve the environment by reducing
the sand extractions and aggregate extraction.
 It may help improve the community’s solid waste management.
`
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of Findings
The findings for the proposed project entitled “A 5-Storey Green
Restaurant and Hotel Using Various Waste Glass Bottles as Admixture to
the Mortar Mixture for Plaster in Palos Verdes, Antipolo City” showed an
excellent rating in the first parameter (Performance, Strength/Durability,
Aesthetic, and Maintenance) with a total mean of 4.60 using the LEED
Criteria. In the findingsfor the second parameter (Location and
Transportation, Sustainable Sites, Water Efficiency, Energy and
Atmosphere, Materials and Resources, Indoor Environmental Quality,
Innovation, and Regional Priority), showed a very good rating with a total
mean of 4.37 which are also based on the LEED Criteria.
The findings for the proposed project entitled “A 5-Storey Green Restaurant
and Hotel Using Various Waste Glass Bottles as Admixture to the Mortar
Mixture for Plaster in Palos Verdes, Antipolo City” partially detected that
based on the total mean of each respondent the verbal interpretation have a
great result and by that, the proposed project can be fully managed as we
interpret the result. The findings also showed that the utilization of waste
fine glass as an innovative material for the mortar mixture for plastering
is feasibleand will not affect the overall quality of a structure built with it.
`
Conclusions
The researchers have concluded that waste glass bottles can act as
an innovative admixture in the mortar mixture for plastering. The study
indicates that waste glass bottles can also act as a replacement for sand for
up to 10- 20% optimal replacement level. Utilizing the waste glass as an
admixture to mortar mixture will not affect the overall quality of the structure.
Anotherconclusion that the researchers have gathered is that the proposed
project reduces the percentage of clutters caused by waste glass bottles.
The conclusion indicates that utilizing the waste glass bottles as admixture
reduces the space required in landfills improving the environment.
Recommendations
The researchers have discovered recommendations based on the
findings and conclusions. The survey participants' suggestions and
recommendations are included to improve the integrity of the proposed
project.
1. The researchers recommend relying on natural ventilation, it delivers
freshair, ensuring healthy surroundings inside the building.
2. The researchers recommend utilizing waste glass bottles as an
innovative material for concrete or mortar, which replace sand up to
10- 30% in the mixture, as it is inexpensive and free.
3. The researchers recommend using other waste materials such as plastic
`
as an innovative material for building materials to help reduce its
impact on the environment.
4. The researchers recommend using other waste materials with the
same pozzolanic property like glass as to help reduce the impact of
solid waste on the environment.
5. The researchers recommend using waste glass bottles as
`
APPENDICES
`
APPENDIX 1
Figure 33. Survey Questionnaire (Information about the Study)
`
Figure 34. Survey Questionnaire (Respondents’ Information)
`
Figure 35. Survey Questionnaire (Part A)
`
Figure 36. Survey Questionnaire (Part B – 1 st Part)
`
Figure 37. Survey Questionnaire (Part B – 2 nd Part)
`
APPENDIX 2
Table 21. Tabulated Survey Data (1st Part)
`
Table 22. Tabulated Survey Data (2nd Part)
Table 23. ONE-WAY ANOVA
`
APPENDIX 3
Figure 38. Respondents’ Description
Online Survey Screen Shot
The figure above shows the results of the survey in terms of Age, Gender,
and Respondent Description.
`
Figure 39. Table for results of the survey in Performance,
Strength/Durability, Aesthetic, and Maintenance.
The figure above shows the results of the survey in Performance,
Strength/Durability, Aesthetic, and Maintenance.
`
Figure 40. Table for results of the survey in LEED Criteria.
The figures above show the results of the survey in terms of LEED Criteria.
`
APPENDIX 4
Photo Documentation of Miniature Development
The researchers recreated the proposed project by making a scale
model of the building. The major materials used in creating the miniature
are foam board, illustration board, and packaging paper. The process of
creating the miniature took two to three weeks to complete.
`
project. (1st and 2nd Floor)
`
project. (3rd to 5th Floor)
`
Figure 43. Final Miniature
The figure above shows the completed miniature of the scale model of the
proposed project.
`
APPENDIX 5
Figure 44. Screen Shot of Thesis Members Online Meetings
The figure above shows the final discussion of the thesis

members preparing for the defense.
The researchers conducted a final discussion of the proposed project to
address concerns and questions about the study. Google Meet serves as
the virtual online meeting to brainstorm
`
Curriculum Vitae
`
JOHN CLARK DURADO BALUGAY
Lot 21 Block 3 Phase 1 Third Street
Virginia Summerville Mambugan Antipolo City
Mobile #: 09562314251
E-mail Address: balugayjohnclark1102@gmail.com
PERSONAL INFORMATION
NICKNAME: Buds/Budong
BIRTHDAY: November 02, 1999
BIRTHPLACE: Antipolo City, Rizal
AGE: 22 years old
NATIONALITY: Filipino
RELIGION: Catholic
CIVIL STATUS: Single
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
ELEMENTARY: Mambugan Elementary school
SECONDARY: Mayamot National High School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL: Mayamot National High School
TERTIARY: Rizal Technological University (Pasig Campus)
SEMINARS ATTENDED
`
Engineering Congress Seminar 2021: Reinforcement Framework
Seminar
2021
Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete: Overview and Installation
2021
System Redundancy of Steel Twin Tub Girder Bridges
2021
I hereby certify that the provided information is true and accurate to
the best of my knowledge.
John Clark D. Balugay

Name and Signature
`
KENNETH BEACO BIBIT
082, Blk. 19, Ginebra St., Eusebio Ave.,
Nagpayong II, Pinagbuhatan, Pasig City
Mobile #: 09102689502
E-mail Address: kennethbeacobibit@gmail.com
NICKNAME: Ken/Net
BIRTHDAY: December 11, 1999
BIRTHPLACE: Pasig City
AGE: 21 years old
RELIGION: Catholic
ELEMENTARY: La Immaculada Concepcion School
SECONDARY: La Immaculada Concepcion School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL: Lord's Hand Academy Inc. School
`
SEMINARS ATTENDED
Engineering Congress 2021: Reinforcement Framework Seminar
2021
Electrical and Fire Safety Seminar
2021
Padayon Sa Kaugmaon: Reaching the Crossroad of Opportunities in
Civil Engineering
2021
Kenneth B. Bibit
Name and Signature
`
ELICRES ORENDAIN DAGALE
#32 Malvar St., Borderline, Kenneth Rd, Nagpayong,
Pinagbuhataan, Pasig City
Mobile #: 09164018490
E-mail Address: elicre17@gmail.com
NICKNAME: Pastor/Mano
BIRTHDAY: May 17, 2000
BIRTHPLACE: Tawagan, Oras, E. Samar
AGE: 21 years old
RELIGION: Catholic
ELEMENTARY: Nagpayong Elementary school
SECONDARY: Nagpayong High School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL: Arellano University (Andres Bonifacio Campus)
`
SEMINARS ATTENDED
2021
2021
Elicres O. Dagale
Name and Signature
`
JIMUEL CACHO GARCIA
Blk. 38, Damayan, Taytay, Rizal
Mobile #: 09562204664
E-mail Address: muelgarcia99@gmail.com
NICKNAME: Muel
BIRTHDAY: November 18, 1999
BIRTHPLACE: Taytay, Rizal
AGE: 22 years old
RELIGION: Catholic
ELEMENTARY: Bagong Pag-asa Elementary school
SECONDARY: Manuel I. Santos Memorial National High School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL: Arellano University (Andres Bonifacio Campus)
`
SEMINARS ATTENDED
User Interface Ph 2021
20221
Jimuel C. Garcia
Name and Signature
`
GABRIEL CONCHADA HICARTE
Brgy. San Juan, St. Francis st., Blk 24 floodway,
Taytay Rizal
Mobile #: 09519719136
E-mail Address: GBUTCHIK07@gmail.com
NICKNAME: Butchik
BIRTHDAY: October 6, 2000
BIRTHPLACE: Polillo, Quezon
AGE: 21 years old
RELIGION: Catholic
ELEMENTARY: Sabang Elementary school
SECONDARY: Sabang National High School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL: Sabang Senior High School
`
SEMINARS ATTENDED
2021
2021
Padayon Sa Kaugmaon: Reaching the Crossroad of Opportunities in
Civil Engineering
2021
Gabriel C. Hicarte
Name and Signature
`
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(2013). Geotechnical Performance of Recycled Glass-Waste Rock
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Gallardo, Ronaldo & Elevado, Kenneth Jae. (2017). Cost-Benefit Analysis
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10.21742/ijiace.2014.1.2.01.
Ganiron Jr, Tomas. (2013). Use of Recycled Glass Bottles as Fine
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A 5 Storey Green Restaurant and Hotel Using Various Waste Glass Bottles As An Admixture To The Mortar Mixture For Plaster in Palos Verdes Antipolo City

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A 5 Storey Green Restaurant and Hotel Using Various Waste Glass Bottles As An Admixture To The Mortar Mixture For Plaster in Palos Verdes Antipolo City

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Rizal Technological University

College of Engineering and Industrial Technology i

A 5-Storey Green Restaurant and Hotel Using Various Waste

A Student-Faculty Collaborative Research

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for

the Degree Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

Engr. Sherwin Dominguez

December 11, 2021 Engr. Sherwin Dominguez

Approved as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Engr. John Paul Reynales

Engr. Ramon Christopher Prado Engr. Noel Hugo Binag

Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Bachelor

December 11, 2021 Engr. Corleto Bravo

blessings throughout this research work, we are able to finish it successfully

We would like to express our deep and sincere gratitude to our

like to thank ourresearch/thesis Professor Engr. Noel Binag for letting us

understand the concepts and the ways to interpret them in real-life

situations. Unlimited examples were given in order for us to understand the

content of this study. And of course,our CEAT Department Head Engr.

Caranguian for giving us the opportunity to do research and providing

invaluable guidance throughout this research.

thankful to our classmates, friends, and colleagues for their support,

understanding, and prayers to complete this research work. This thesis

would like to extend our sinceregratitude to them.

I dedicate the proposed research topic to my family, relatives, and

not be feasible without these people.

support, and protection for myself and my fellow researchers.

- John Clark Balugay

This research is wholeheartedly dedicated to my respective parents, who

and discipline to do this study with enthusiast and determination without

I also dedicate this research to my friends who have supported me

I dedicate my dissertation work to my family and many friends. A special

feeling of gratitude to my loving parents, who have been encouraging and

been my source of inspiration. They have given me the motivation and

And lastly, we dedicated this research/thesis to the Almighty God, thank

for giving us a healthy life. All of these, we offer to you.

I dedicate this research to my family who gives me the will and

encouragement to continue this journey despite encountering many

future. I would like to give thanks to my friends, my classmates, and of

course to my dear groupmates who are low tempered, very understanding,

and for always guiding me in every situation when I am having difficulty in

any workload. My deepest gratitude to all of you.

This study is wholeheartedly offered to my parents who tirelessly guide me

to convince me not to give up on trials and even give me strength and

moral, emotional, spiritual, and financial support.

To my brothers, sisters, relatives, and friends who shared their words of

advice and encouragement to finish this study.

Space on landfills around the world is almost occupied due to the

several studies with the inclusion of waste glass bottles as an innovative

works in the construction of a 5-storey building in Antipolo, Rizal. The

purpose of this study is to comprehend if waste glass bottles are feasible as

an admixture. The researchers relied on the data from related studies to

comprehend whether the addition of waste glass bottles as an admixture for

concrete works is viable. The researchers conducted this study to help

improve the solid waste management regarding glass bottles in the

reduce the environmental impact of waste glass bottles.

Background of the Study 1

Statement of the Problem 3

Objectives of the Study 4

Statement of the Hypotheses 5

Significance of the Study 6

Related Foreign Studies and Literature 9