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DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF IMPROVED WORKSTATION THROUGH

ERGONOMIC RISK ASSESSMENT FOR JHUV AND BELLE SEWING

SERVICES IN ROSARIO, BATANGAS

A Research Study Presented to the Faculty of Industrial Engineering

College of Engineering

Batangas State University

The National Engineering University

Alangilan, Batangas City

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Bachelor of Science in Industrial Engineering

Bayer, Edhe Rose C.

Escala, Jomaglen C.

Rabano, Karl Cyren L.

Talento, Erwin Bernard II A.

May 2023
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APPROVAL SHEET

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in

Industrial Engineering, this research study entitled, “DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT

OF IMPROVED WORKSTATION THROUGH ERGONOMIC RISK

ASSESSMENT FOR JHUV AND BELLE SEWING SERVICES IN ROSARIO,

BATANGAS” submitted by EDHE ROSE C. BAYER, JOMAGLEN C. ESCALA,

KARL CYREN L. RABANO, and ERWIN BERNARD II A. TALENTO is hereby

accepted.

____________________________
ENGR. KAREN M. ARGENTE
Adviser

Approved by panel on Oral Examination with a grade of __________________.

_____________________________________
ENGR. RM JHIELL LHEY Q. AGUADO
Chairman

______________________________ _______________________________
ENGR. LADYLYN C. MENDOZA ENGR. JERALD M.
FERNANDEZ
Member Member

Accepted and approved as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING

__________________ ___________________________
Date DR. REYNATO A. GAMBOA
Dean, CoE
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to acknowledge and express their deepest gratitude to

those people who guided and helped accomplish this study. They would also like to express

their sincerest appreciation for the study’s completion.

To Batangas State University, for providing the researchers an environment in

which they could hone and apply their skills and knowledge needed in this study.

To their adviser, Engr. Karen M. Argente, for providing her expertise, support,

knowledge, advice, and guidance throughout every consultation of the researchers that who

helped and encouraged them to finish the study.

To their chairman of panel examiners, Engr. RM Jhiell Lhey Q. Aguado, and to

the other panel members, Engr. Ladylyn C. Mendoza and Engr. Jerald M. Fernandez,

for their constructive criticisms, suggestions, understanding, and knowledge that helped

them improve the study.

To the researchers’ beloved family, Mr. & Mrs. Bayer, Mr. & Mrs. Escala, Mr.

& Mrs. Rabano, and Mr. & Mrs. Talento, for supporting them both emotionally and

financially, and their unselfish and unconditional love in making this research study.

To Jhuv and Belle sewing services for their time, support, and cooperation

especially in providing the information that the researchers needed in order to complete the

study, and to their workers, for their precious time and full cooperation that made this

study realistic.

Most and foremost, the researchers would like to thank the Almighty God for

without Him, this would not be possible and for His unending guidance in helping the

researchers achieve this kind of achievement in life.

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DEDICATION

The researchers modestly dedicate this research study to

Almighty God

The creator, for guiding and strengthening the researchers spiritually

This humble endeavor is also dedicated to their ever supportive, loving and inspiring

Parents and family

whose unselfish and unconditional love helped the researchers

achieve success in completing the study

To the researchers’ adviser and panel of committee

for limitless support, guidance, comments, and suggestions needed in this study

The accomplishment of this study is also dedicated to the researchers’ second family, the

Industrial Engineering Department

whose trust and motivation helped us continuously improve

and achieve success in completing this study

TO GOD BE THE GLORY

Edhe

Joma

Cyren

Erwin
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ABSTRACT

Jhuv & Belle Sewing Services is a production of primary-colored shirts for over 8 years

which is a family-owned business owned by Mr. Donato Herrera and Mrs. Victoria Herrera

in Barangay San Jose, Rosario, Batangas. It currently has 20 sewers and operates 8 hours

a day from 8am to 5pm on Monday to Saturday. The sewing services used a workstation

that involved a mono-block chair and a simple table with the sewing machine installed on

it. After conducting an initial observation and interviews to gather information and data,

the researchers discussed the problems existing in the current workstation with the owners

of the sewing services. The current workstation of the sewing services causes problems to

the sewers and through the ergonomic risk assessment such as the Rapid Upper Limb

Assessment (RULA), Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), and Ovako Working

posture Assessment System (OWAS), the body pain experienced by the sewers ranged

from head, neck, shoulder, arm, wrist, back, waist, leg and foot which puts their posture at

risk. The illuminance level of the workstation is lower than the standard. In addition, the

sewers also raised concerns with regards to their resting position in the chair during lunch

and there was no additional space for outputs and their belongings.

Therefore, the researchers proposed changes for the current workstation in the sewing

services and made the improved workstation that has considered different standards and

opinions. With the improved workstation, the process time increased and the improper

posture of the sewers was reduced.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Title Page i

Approval Sheet ii

Acknowledgement iii

Dedication iv

Abstract v

Table of Contents vi

List of Tables ix

List of Figures xi

Chapter

I. The Problem and its Background 1

A. Introduction 1

B. Objectives of the Study 5

C. Conceptual Framework 6

D. Significance of the Study 7

E. Scope and Limitation of the Study 9

F. Definition of Terms 9

II. Review of Related Literature 14

A. Conceptual Literature 14

B. Related Literature 16

C. Synthesis 23

III. Research Methodology 27

A. Research Method 27

B. Subject of the Study 27

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C. Data Gathering Instruments 28

D. Data Gathering Procedure 28

E. Data Analysis 29

IV. Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data 31

A. The design requirements and considerations of a sewer’s 31

workstation using anthropometric measurement standard, light
fixture standard, standard illuminance level, and voice of the
customer

B. Design alternatives of the sewer's workstation in Jhuv & Belle 39

Sewing Services

C. Evaluation of the alternative designs using Trade-off Analysis 47

D. Fabrication of the best design of the sewer’s workstation in 53

Jhuv & Belle Sewing Services

1. Evaluation and Preliminary Testing stage of the 63

Sewer’s Workstation

2. Problems Encountered and its Modifications 64

E. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the best design in terms of 65

processing time and human factor

1. Processing Time 65

2. Human Factor 66

V. Summary of Findings, Conclusion, and Recommendation 68

A. Summary of Findings 68

B. Conclusion 70

C. Recommendations 71
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Bibliography 73

Appendices 76

Appendix A Data and Information 77

Appendix B Computations 92

Appendix C Survey Questionnaire 109

Appendix D Letters and Certificates 123

Appendix E Documentation 131

Result of Turnitin 135

Certification from Grammarian 137

Curriculum Vitae 139

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LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Title Page

1 Female Anthropometric Standards 32

2 Standard Illuminance Level 34

3 Voice of the Customer 35

4 Summary of Design Requirements 36

5 Anthropometric Measurements 37

6 Fixture of Light 38

7 Illuminance level (in lux) of the workstation 38

8 Estimated costs for the design alternatives of the improved 43

workstation

9 Material specification of the sewer’s workstation 44

10 Criterion Importance Rating Scale 48

11 Standard Weighted Sum Results 49

12 Imprecise Designer Ranking Table 50

13 Ratings Used in Comparing Criteria for Analytical Hierarchy 51

Process

14 Analytical Hierarchy Process 51

15 Analytical Hierarchy Process Design Evaluation 52

16 Summary of Results for Trade-off Analysis 53

17 Components of Developed Bench Style Sewer’s Workstation 56

18 Anthropometric Considerations (in centimeters) 58

19 Fixture of Light 59

20 Illuminance level (in lux) comparison 60

21 Addressing the Voice of the Customer 61

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22 Bill of Materials 62

23 Addressing the problems encountered 64

24 Comparison of process time 65

25 Before and After of Ergonomic Risk Assessment 66

A1 Average Body Pain Level 78

A2 RULA and REBA Result of Current Sewing Workstation 78

A3 Semi Annual Percentage of Absenteeism Causes of Year 2022 79

A4 Correlation of Absenteeism, Body Pain and Production Output 79

A5 Illuminance level of the Workstation 81

B1 RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) 91

B2 REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) 93

B3 Body Pain Level 95

B4 Computation of Absenteeism 96

B5 Computation of Percentage of Absenteeism and Correlation 97

B6 New RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) 102

B7 New REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) 104

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Title Page

1 Conceptual Framework of the Study 6

2 Standard for the fixture of the light 33

3 Sewing Workstation with Sloped Wall 40

4 Bench Style Sewing workstation 41

5 L-shaped Sewing workstation 42

6 Schematic Diagram of Bench Style Sewing Workstation 54

7 Developed Bench Style Sewer’s Workstation 55

8 Developed Bench Style Sewing Workstation with the Sewer 56

A1 Workers of Jhuv & Belle Sewing Services 77

A2 Pain level body map 77

A3 Anthropometric measurement standard of Filipino 79

Manufacturing Workers

A4 Data of the Anthropometric measurements of the sewers 80

A5 Cost Breakdown of the alternative designs 82

A6 Old Process Flow Chart 83

A7 Improved Process Flow Chart 84

A8 Attendance Records 85
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A9 Initial Interview Answers 89

A10 Illuminance level of the sewing workstation 89

A11 Illuminance level of the sewing machine

B1 RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) of Current Working 93

Station

B2 REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment ) of Current Working 95

Station

B3 Ovako Working Posture Assessment System (OWAS) 95

B4 Importance of Calculation from the Survey Questionnaire 99

B5 Results of the Rating of Design Alternatives 99

B6 Summary of the survey questionnaire results 100

B7 Computation of the SWS Method 100

B8 Computation of the Imprecise Designer Ranking Method 100

B9 Computation of the AHP Method 101

B10 RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) of Improved Sewing 104

Workstation

B11 REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) of Improved Sewing 106

Workstation

B12 New Ovako Working Posture Assessment System (OWAS) 106

B13 Viewing Angle to a Horizontal Surface 107

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CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter presents the context of the study so that its significance can be established.

It includes the introduction, objectives, framework, significance of the study, scope and

limitations, as well as the definition of terms used. This part also provides the foundation

of the study wherein the depth of the study will also be discussed.

Introduction

Everybody's life involves clothing, which is both intricate and interesting. Among other

things, the primary function of clothes is to cover the body. Additionally, it promotes

communication and helps them feel more beautiful. For a variety of reasons, people wear

clothing and physical factors are among these causes. People dress themselves for comfort

and security. Others are used for apparel that has social and psychological goals. People

can give an impression of their personality and gain confidence via clothing. Most

individuals replicate other’s outfits and make it even better.

Furthermore, long-term work tables, as well as inadequate workstation layout, are risks

that, in certain cases, can exacerbate or even cause work-related illnesses or injuries which

in particular can be at the neck, back, and upper limbs. By carefully setting up the

workstation, maintaining a neutral posture, and maintaining the occasional switching of

positions, the researchers could successfully reduce the risk of overload of musculoskeletal

structures associated with workstation use. According to Gemma Hart (2020), it’s

important to set up the employees’ workstation properly in order for them to work safely.

The height of the chair and desk should be set at, for example, will vary depending on the

person's height. If it's set too high or too low it could cause neck and back strain.
 2

Jhuv & Belle Sewing Services is a production of primary-colored shirts for over 8 years

which is a family-owned business owned by Mr. Donato and Mrs. Victoria Herrera in

Barangay San Jose, Rosario, Batangas. It currently has 20 sewers and operates 8 hours a

day from 8am to 5pm on Monday to Saturday. The sewing services used a workstation that

involved a mono-block chair and a simple table with the sewing machine installed on it.

The researchers went and conducted an initial observation on the said place to identify

the problems existing in the workplace. Based on the initial observation, data has been

gathered wherein the body pain that the sewers are experiencing ranges from head pain,

neck pain, shoulder pain, arm pain, wrist pain, back pain, waist pain, leg pain, and foot pain

which puts them at risk when it comes to posture during their work thus, affecting their

performance. Also, the workers are sleeping during their lunchtime which is unavoidable

so that the body can recharge and relax for the upcoming procedure. Because of high body

bulk and lack of concentration brought on by physical pain, sewers missed 1-2 days of

work as a result. Furthermore, 80% percent of them, or the majority are not comfortable

with standard workstations and the frequent causes includes chair-to-table sewer machine's

poor design and lack of features, which created various types of physical pain.

Additionally, personal belongings, bottled water, and sewing supplies are stored

improperly and in clutter. Due to sewers varying heights from the standard sizes of chairs

and tables used in production, most are not suitable for workstation. Lastly, the lighting in

some are weak and too bright which also shows that the lighting of the workstations in the

sewing services are not maintained to a certain level. Ergonomic solutions need to be

implemented before issues arise rather than after.

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Sewers who have their back slouched indicates a poor posture because the table is not

elevated or it is lacking in height. It is emphasized that the workers of the sewing services

are experiencing ergonomic problems which affects their posture and thus, affects their

work performance (See Appendix A, Figure A1). The average data of 20 respondents

according to the level of pain the sewers encountered in the working station is also

presented to which the pain is rated from 1 being the lowest and up until 10 as the highest

(See Appendix A, Table A2).

The different levels of pain experienced by the sewers in the Jhuv and Belle sewing

services is also presented through a body map to show the average pain level that was

shown in Table A1. It is shown on this figure that most of the workers experienced

moderate to very severe pain which indicates that their body is at risk when it comes to

their current workstation (See Appendix A, Figure A2). A Rapid Upper Limb Assessment

(REBA) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) was conducted by the researchers

on the current Sewing Workstation. The researchers analyzed the arm, wrist, neck, trunk,

and leg position using RULA. The values obtained generated a total RULA score of 7

which immediately required investigation and changes while the obtained scores of REBA

worksheet resulted in 10 which also suggest that the workers are at high risk, requiring an

investigation and implementation of change (See Appendix A, Table A2).

The researchers also utilized Ovako Working posture Assessment System (OWAS

where the computed score for each of the steps in the process ranges from 3 indicating that

improvements are necessary as soon as possible which shows that there is a problem with

the posture of the sewers during the process, needing an ergonomic intervention (See

Appendix B, Figure B3).

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Reasons for the worker’s absenteeism were also collected by the researchers wherein

there are three main reasons for their absence in manufacturing, namely the body pain,

childcare and eldercare, and illness. From the record, it showed that the body pain has the

highest percentage indicating that it is the main reason for the sewer’s absenteeism (See

Appendix A, Table A3). The correlation result between absenteeism, body pain, and

production output was also shown wherein the results suggested that as absenteeism

increases, the body pain also increases, which also means that it is directly proportional to

each other. Also, the correlation between the absenteeism and production output showed

that it is indirectly proportional to each other (See Appendix A, Table A4).

In addition, other data that the researchers had gathered are used to check if the

illuminance level of the workstation is within standards. Adapted from Occupational Safety

and Health Standards Rule 1075.04, close discrimination of details is essential such as for

medium bench and machine work must have a minimum illuminance of 300 lux while the

discrimination of extremely fine detail is involved under conditions of poor contrast for

long periods of time such as inspection of sewing cloth products must have a minimum

illuminance of 1,000 lux. The illuminance level of the workstation was measured in two

different locations, near the sewing machine and on the workstation (both on chair and

table), and it showed that the current lighting of the workstation is not sufficient for the

worker.

The researchers then concluded that there is a problem in the workstation of Jhuv and

Belle’s sewing services since the workers are experiencing numerous body pains as well

as their comfortability in the current workstation, and that through ergonomic risk
 5

assessment the researchers came up with the idea of designing and developing a new

workstation.

Objectives of the Study

The main objective of the study is to design and develop an improved workstation

through Ergonomic Risk Assessment for Jhuv and Belle Sewing Services that helps the

workers to improve its productivity and reduce ergonomic risk factors. Thus, it also

includes the following objectives:

1. To determine the design requirements and considerations of a sewer’s workstation

using the following:

1.1 Anthropometric measurement standards

1.2 Fixture of Light

1.3 Illuminance Level

1.4 Voice of the Customer

2. To develop design alternatives of the sewer's workstation in Jhuv & Belle Sewing

Services.

3. To evaluate the alternative designs using Trade-off Analysis.

4. To fabricate the best design of the sewer’s workstation in Jhuv & Belle Sewing

Services.

5. To evaluate the effectiveness of the best design in terms of:

5.1 Processing time

5.2 Human Factor


Conceptual Framework
INPUT
Knowledge
Requirements and
Consideration
➢ Information about
the Existing Sewing
Workstation
➢ Information and
knowledge about
ergonomic checklist,
concepts, and
equipment design
➢ Knowledge about
trade-off analysis
Design Requirements
and Considerations
➢ 3D Model Sketch-
up
➢ Material selection
and specification
➢ Material cost
Hardware Requirements
➢ Fabrication
➢ Material resources
Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the Study
Figure 1 as presented, the input stage included factors that will be considered to pursue
the study. Knowledge requirements and consideration like the information about the
6
PROCESS OUTPUT
Identification of the Improved workstation
of sewers
requirement in terms of:
➢ Anthropometric Reduced level of
discomfort and pain
measurement index/scores
standards
➢ Light fixture
➢ Illuminance level
➢ Voice of the
customer
Designing alternatives of
improved workstation
Evaluation of design
alternatives and selection
of best design alternative
through trade-off
analysis
Fabrication of the chosen
design alternative.
Perform a test and
analysis of results.
 7

existing workstation of Jhuv & Belle Sewing Services and the knowledge about ergonomic

checklist, concepts and equipment design, various engineering concepts as well as the

familiarity with several ergonomic assessment tools served as a guide to assess the

discomfort of the sewers. Also, the understanding and application of trade-off analysis. The

sewers’ anthropometric measurements that have been collected served as a basis for the

proposed workstation design. Additionally, the decided materials and its specifications as

well as its cost is also gathered in the input phase.

Moreover, the process phase includes analyzing and evaluating the existing sewing

workstation in terms of risk factors. The researchers assessed and evaluated the collected

data through a series of tools and methods for designing and developing the sewing

workstation. The best alternative design is developed to correct the problems existing in

the current workstation.

Next, it underwent some tests and evaluations regarding risk factors and productivity.

Eventually, the output of the study is the improved and ergonomically-designed

workstation for Jhuv and Belle Sewing Services that is expected to increase the sewer’s

comfortability and to correct posture of their body.

Significance of the Study

The study of design and develop an improved workstation through Ergonomic Risk

Assessment for Jhuv and Belle Sewing Services, along with its results will bring benefits

to the following sectors:

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To Jhuv & Belle Sewing Services, the study will be beneficial in ensuring the health

of the workers of the said services, as well as providing comfort to the workers by reducing

risk factors during their work using the proposed sewer’s operator workstation.

To the sewers of the sewing services, the study will help them experience comfort

while doing their specific task in the sewing services since the study will focus on

developing a workstation that will significantly reduce the due mainly to its ergonomic

qualities.

To other sewing businesses, this study will help the other sewing services of

businesses that have the same process or same workstation layout in a way that the other

sewing businesses would have an idea on the kind of workstation they need to consider.

To Batangas State University - Alangilan Campus, the study will become an

additional research about the design and development of improved workstation through

ergonomic risk assessment. And Also, it will provide the foundation for comparable study

to be conducted in the future.

To the Industrial Engineering Department of Batangas State University -

Alangilan campus, this study will demonstrate understanding and application of linked

industrial engineering topics. The study will also demonstrate how the university's

cultivated knowledge helped the students become competitively productive and

internationally ready.

To the researchers, this study will help them to broaden their knowledge about the

field of their study. The research will be an excellent opportunity and a training ground for

utilizing the industrial engineering knowledge and abilities that the researchers had gained.
 9

To the readers and future researchers, this study will be used as a guide for

conducting comparable idea and project development but in another location. This study

will also act as a source for comparable studies and a guideline for anyone who wishes to

conduct their own research.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This research study is mainly focused on the design and development of improved

workstation through ergonomic risk assessment for Jhuv and Belle Sewing Services in

Rosario, Batangas. Additionally, this includes evaluation of the current workstation of the

workers and will mainly focus on ergonomic features. The results of this study will be

limited to those data and information that will be gathered from the respondents and Jhuv

and Belle Sewing Services, and from the literature and other sources that were cited and

reviewed. Also, the improved ergonomically designed workstation will focus on

ergonomic risk factors and comfortability. The researchers utilized locally available,

inexpensive materials in fabricating the prototype. It includes the components, material

specification and costs in designing an ergonomic workstation. The study focuses only on

the workstation design improvement in the Jhuv and Belle Sewing Services and excluded

other processes in the production. Furthermore, this study does not include redesigning and

maintenance of the machine in the future as well as the sewing and manufacturing of the

products made by the sewing services.

Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined conceptually and operationally for better

understanding of this study.

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Anthropometry. Anthropometry is the science of obtaining systematic measurements

of the human body. Anthropometry first developed in the 19th century as a method

employed by physical anthropologists for the study of human variation and evolution in

both living and extinct populations. (“Anthropometry - Ergonomic design of the sewing

machine workstation,” 2018). In this study, it refers to the sewing operators' sitting posture

angles on the kinematic stage were affected by operators’ anthropometric data which

should be considered in the case of ergonomically re-design the sewing workstation.

Correlation. It is a statistical measure that indicates the extent to which two or more

variables fluctuate in relation to each other. (“Correlation -Fabric properties

measurements,” 2021). In the study, it is used for identifying the relationship between the

body pain, production output, and absenteeism.

Ergonomics. It is the study and practice of influencing physical interactions with the

immediate environment, to protect and improve comfort, health and system efficiency.

(“What Is Ergonomics?” 2020). In this study, it refers to the amount of force needed to

finish a task, any difficult or static working postures chosen during task completion, and

the repetition of a process.

Illuminance. It is the quantity of light or luminous flux falling on a surface. It is

measured in lumen per meter square, or lux. (“Illuminance - Correlated color temperature,”

2022). In this study, it aimed to find out if the illuminance level of light sources of the

sewing workstation affected the worker's performance.

Illuminating Engineering Society for North America (IESNA). It is a nonprofit

organization that creates and disseminates lighting standards. (“Illuminating Engineering

Society for North America - Assessment of interior general lighting,” 2016). This was used
 11

as a guide to assess the general interior lighting in the workstations by using the standards

created by the North American Illumination Engineering Society.

Lux Meter. A tool that measures the intensity of illumination as distinguished by the

human eye. (“University of Cambridge”, 2023). In this study, it refers to the device used

to carry different tests on the two (2) different locations in the workstation.

Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs). Musculoskeletal disorders are associated with

high costs to employers such as absenteeism and lost productivity. (“Musculoskeletal

Disorders (MSDs - Prevalence of ergonomic hazards)” 2021). In this study, it refers to

workers at sewing machines who are regularly subjected to risks and discomfort.

Neutral Posture. A position of ease for the body to maintain for a prolonged period of

time. A position that supports the natural curves of the spine and maintains your body in

good alignment. (“Neutral Posture - Guidelines to sewing machine workstation design for

improving posture,”2019). In this study, it refers to the alterations made to the sewing

workstation that show great promise for boosting both the operators' neck, trunk, and upper

arm working postures as well as their output.

Ovako Working posture Assessment System (OWAS). Identifies the most common

work postures for the back (4 postures), arms (3 postures) and legs (7 postures), and the

weight of the load handled (3 categories). (“Ovako Working posture Assessment System -

Comparison of Ovako Working Posture Analysis System,”2020). In the study, the OWAS

was utilized in order to assess the sewer’s posture along with the data collected on the

sewing service’s production output.

Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). It is an ergonomic assessment tool used to

evaluate the risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) associated with specific tasks within
 12

a job. (“Rapid Entire Body Assessment - Investigation of ergonomic working conditions,”

2021). In this study, it was utilized by assessing the posture of the worker in the sewing

services wherein there would be a computed score that would interpret the severity of the

worker’s posture.

Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). The Rapid Upper Limb Assessment

(RULA) was developed to “rapidly” evaluate the exposure of individual workers to

ergonomic risk factors associated with upper extremity MSD. (“Rapid Upper Limb

Assessment - Handbook of human factors,” 2004). In this study, it was used to calculate

the rating of musculoskeletal loads in tasks of the sewer’s where people have a risk of neck

and upper limb loading in which there would also be a computed score that would interpret

the severity of the worker’s posture.

Risk Factor. These include repetition, awkward posture, forceful motion, stationary

position, direct pressure, vibration, extreme temperature, noise, and work stress. (“Risk

Factors | Environmental Health and Safety | Iowa State University,” n.d.). In this study, it

refers to awkward postures and repetitive activities that the sewers are experiencing and

how they are exposed to ergonomic dangers brought by the current workstation design of

their sewing services.

Trade-off Analysis. It determines the effect of decreasing one or more key factors and

simultaneously increasing one or more other key factors in a decision, design, or project.

(“Trade-off Analysis - Tailoring work and leisure trade off,” 2018). In this study, it is the

method of comparison between design alternatives to decide which design is the best one

to use for the improvement of the workstation.

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the reviewed literature and studies which are found relevant in

developing the framework of the study and in making the research clearer to the reader.

The references were gathered from the works of professional authorities as well as the

unpublished research papers that were deemed relevant in the conduct of this study.

Conceptual Literature

Ergonomics, often known as human factors, is a scientific field that studies how people

interact with other system components. It is also a profession that uses theory, concepts,

data, and design techniques to enhance both human health and system performance

(Shorrock and Williams, 2016).

Existing workstations' ergonomic assessments and subsequent redesigns would

significantly aid in the prevention of WMSD. In the current study, an RULA evaluation

was conducted on a prototype for a new frame assembly workstation. This redesign took

into account the participation and anthropometric information of the workforce (Colim et

al., 2019).

Trade studies, also known as tradeoff studies, are a useful technique for making logical

decisions between options. In tradeoff studies, many assessment criteria are computed

concurrently for a number of options. Limited attentional capacity inevitably causes people

to assess criteria in a sequential order in the absence of a tradeoff research. Humans have

been shown by Tversky and Kahneman to frequently anchor on particular values before

assessing probability or figures. This propensity results in errors and poor choices. Recent

studies that have demonstrated that various brain regions are engaged in various sorts of
 14

judgments and that framing and bias have neurobiological correlations support. These

findings, which seem to be reliable. The problem is suitable for a tradeoff analysis when

the choice is to choose the preferred alternatives from a large number of alternatives and

the alternatives are to be analyzed in parallel. The selection of high-level system

architecture as well as the selection of off-the-shelf commercial hardware or software are

only a few of the issues covered by tradeoff studies ( Bahill et al., 2017)

The RULA is one of the most widely used, well-liked, and user-friendly ergonomic

assessment techniques. As implied by the name "RAPID," it is simple to use and produces

results rapidly. The sensitive/insensitive posture zones are identified using the scoring

tables provided by the RULA assessment. By changing one component at a time while

keeping the other factors constant, insensitive postures were found (Deshpande et al.,

2021).

Rapid Entire Body Assessment is a technique used in the field of ergonomics to swiftly

evaluate the posture or work position of an operator's neck, back, arms, wrists, and feet .

Additionally, the coupling factor, which includes external stresses supplied by the

employees' bodies and actions, has an impact on this strategy. The REBA process doesn't

take very long, and it generates a general score on a list of tasks that shows where risk

reduction is necessary given the operator's working position (Mawadati et al., 2022).

OVAKO OY, a major producer of steel bars and profiles in Europe, developed the

OVAKO Working Posture Assessment System (OWAS) in Finland. This system was

employed to assess the workload involved in repairing smelting furnaces. The OWAS was

initially developed with the identification of 72 postures by photographing the work

postures used in various work areas at OVAKO OY. Its validity was established through
 15

the analysis of several tasks by a group of engineers (national and international) who had

been trained in the method (Gomez-Galan et al., 2017).

Related Literature

In the study entitled “Guidelines to sewing machine workstation design for improving

working posture of sewing operator” Tondre and Deshmukh (2019), Operators of sewing

machines experienced musculoskeletal issues as a result of their confined, constricted body

positions. In order to provide guidelines for sewing workstation design, this study was

carried out to examine the impact of three design factors (fore/aft sewing distance, sewing

desk inclination, and sewing desk height) on postural variables and subjective experience

for an adjustable sewing machine prototype. 10 professional sewing machine operators'

workstations were set up in nine different ways, they carried out stitching tasks. The

working posture and perceptions of sewing machine operators were observed. The study's

key findings were that altering the sewing workstation has a great deal of potential to

enhance the operator's neck, trunk, and upper arm working postures, and performance. The

novel workstation design would thus be useful for garment production facilities. Another

conclusion from the study was the workers' health issues, such as musculoskeletal

discomforts, which might be resolved by the introduction of ergonomic furniture.

Adjusting the sewing machine workstation in accordance with the previously defined

standards is anticipated to enhance the working posture, lower the postural stress

experienced by sewing machine operators, and lower the risk of musculoskeletal illnesses.
 16

The study entitled “A flexible ergonomic redesign of the sewing machine workstation”

Eladly (2020), the performance of the worker is what matters most in the labor-intensive

garment sector. Based on the operator's anthropometric measurements, the study's goal is

to provide an ergonomic redesign of the sewing machine workstation with various sewing

table heights and inclination angles. With the exception of the sewing machine type, which

only has two levels, each of the four primary workstation-setting factors—sewing desk

inclination angles, height, operator body mass index (BMI), and BMI—was investigated

in order to create a flexible ergonomic sewing table. The goal of the study was to outline

the disadvantages and benefits of each examined combination. Subjective data, production

rates (P), and working postures (head, neck, and trunk inclination angles in the kinematic

stage) were all measured using various measuring techniques. Anthropometric

measurements and sewing machine type largely influenced the angles of the sewing

operators' sitting posture during the kinematic stage. When developing the sewing machine

workstation in an ergonomic way, these two things should be considered when designing

it. As was already indicated, uncomfortably positioned sewing machine operators may

experience a rise in MSD complaints, which has an impact on their productivity. According

to the operators' BMI, the sewing machine workstation height and inclination angle may

be adjusted from the default settings of 78 cm and 0°, respectively, to boost productivity.

The bodies of operators can also adopt a healthier posture. The quality of life for operators

will expand as MSD complaints reduce. The productivity of obese sewing machine

operators would increase by 58.5% when the new ergonomically modified sewing machine

is implemented in clothing companies and the workstation height and inclination angle
 17

start taking operators' BMI into mind. Operators who are overweight will have a 16%

improvement in productivity.

The study entitled “Assessment of key barriers for incorporating ergonomics inventions

and suppress work-related musculoskeletal disorders” Virmani and Salve (2021) the

prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) has increased significantly

in recent years in the industrial sector. It negatively impacts the way a company operates

overall, leading to health-related problems and absenteeism. Therefore, it is essential to

schedule ergonomics intervention programs on a regular basis in order to combat the issues

that arise. It is concluded that employee’s health, performance, safety, and well-being have

all been proven to be impacted by work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). It

often affects the entire skeleton, including the muscles, ligaments, bone, joints, and

intervertebral discs. The current study provides managers with knowledge about the

challenges that must be overcome for ergonomics intervention programs to be implemented

successfully in industries. With the use of the fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation

Laboratory (fuzzy-DEMATEL) technique, the obstacles were divided into cause and effect

categories. Conducting training and educational programs on the workplace norms and

procedures is are essential for WMSD prevention. C-suit administrators should urge

employees to start such workouts in their workplaces and promote the use of ergonomics

training programs. Another significant issue is employee attrition, which results in a waste

of the time and money used to educate the workforce. Industry must invest a lot of money

in developing the necessary skill sets. Healthy management-employee relationships are

essential for fostering mutual understanding and preventing staff turnover. Additionally, it

fosters a sense of community among workers. To reduce WMSDs, managers must modify
 18

the working practices. For greater efficacy, programs like working safely, potential

dangers, and the value of ergonomics must be integrated with industry culture.

In the study entitled “A risk assessment framework based on ergonomic methods and

AHP for prioritizing interventions to prevent container terminal operator's musculoskeletal

disorders” Cimino et al. (2021), There are no scientific publications, normative guidelines,

or standards that document ergonomic evaluations of lashing and unlashing processes. This

research gap is addressed on several levels by the proposed research, which includes

conducting a context analysis of how lashing and unlashing operations are conducted,

identifying tools and methodologies that can support a thorough ergonomic analysis, and

combining the aforementioned components in a framework for risk assessment for

ergonomic evaluation and prioritization. In order to achieve these objectives, the authors

developed a framework for risk assessment based on simulation in conjunction with

ergonomic techniques and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The framework will

be put to use in a container terminal in Italy in 2021. First, processes and activities have

been examined in order to create a simulation model that can accurately represent the

development of the real system through time. The next step was to use ergonomic

methodologies using the simulation model to identify the ergonomic problems associated

with lashing and unlashing procedures. Finally, AHP has been utilized to rank important

ergonomic processes analytically and to determine the importance of interventions. In

order to increase the standardization of practices based on ergonomic considerations in the

container terminal industry, key ergonomic concerns must be identified and analytically

prioritized by normative and standard makers and operational management.

 19

Also, the study entitled “Redesign of Sewing Operator Seat Using Reverse Engineering

Method”, Hidayata et al. (2021), frequently demonstrates that many customized chairs

have a long shape and a somewhat narrow seat. The issue with the sewing machine's

working attitude is the attitude of forced labor, such as pushing the operator up and

elevating the shoulder, when operating from a non-ergonomic work chair. If the ergonomic

issue is not resolved, it will undoubtedly result in an excessive workload, musculoskeletal

issues, and a decline in the degree of job productivity. Therefore, study must be done in an

effort to solve the issues that develop. Research on the Development and Design of Sewing

Operator Chairs Using the Reverse Engineering Method was done for this reason. There

were 26 operators in the research samples that were collected. In this examination, it was

discovered that 5 sections of the operator's seat, including the seat connection, seat support

mat, backrest, seat mat, and frame, had been fixed. Additionally, the 95th percentile was

used for hip width, the 50th percentile for popliteal height, and the 50th percentile for

popliteal length percentile data.

The study entitled “A student-centered design approach for reducing musculoskeletal

disorders in India through Six Sigma methodology with ergonomics concatenation” Ismail

(2022), despite the growing public interest in occupational health and safety (OHS) and

subsequent advancements throughout time, the prevalence of classroom-related

musculoskeletal diseases (CMSDs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is

rising. The goal of this study was to eradicate CMSDs by integrating the Six Sigma

methodology with ergonomics principles and exploring the problem (i.e., OHS) and

suggested remedies. 478 students from India, an LMIC, participated in the study. For male

students, the age range, mean, and standard deviation were 17–37, 20.28, and 2.348; for
 20

female students, they were 17–26, 19.57, and 2.163 (units in years). In order to accomplish

this, 550 students were handed a questionnaire. Four hundred seventy-eight (86.91%) of

the surveys were completed and returned correctly. Students' feedback about potential

ergonomic issues resulting from continuous use of accessible workstations were also

acquired through interviews. The two student desks with ergonomic designs are among the

suggested remedies, along with consideration of the needs and anthropometric

measurements of the students, preparation of workshops and/or seminars on occupational

health and safety, administration interventions, behavioral (personal) interventions, and

other engineering interventions.

The study entitled "Microcontroller Based Automated Lighting Control System for

Workplaces” De Guzman (2018), this study tries to regulate and maintain the degree of

illumination in a specific area where artificial and natural lighting are blended. Based on

the calculated value and input of a light-dependent resistor as a triggering component, the

project study contains four dimming states. It is primarily made up of four key components:

an energy-efficient dimmable light emitting diode (LED) lamp as the output, a light

dependent resistor (LDR) as a triggering component, a microcontroller unit (MCU) as the

system's brain, and relays. The prototype's efficacy, value, and functionality have all been

evaluated. The prototype was therefore found to conform to the standards of the

Occupational Safety and Health Standard, specifically Rule 1075 regarding the

illumination requirement of the workplace, and the results of a series of tests showed that

it can maintain the proper illumination level of the working place based on the

recommended illumination level of the National Energy Efficiency Division of the

Department of Energy of the Philippines.

 21

The study entitled “Study on photometric data visualization based on IESNA LM-63

standard’’ H Y Guo et. al (2020), the luminous intensity distribution (LID) data file, which

is a requirement for an accurate lighting study using, for example, the point-by-point

approach, is a written description of the spatial distribution features of the light intensity

emitted by light sources or luminaires. This article first describes the structure and contents

of LID files based on the current, widely used IESNA LM-63 standard. Then, three

visualization techniques are developed to aid in the creation of an intuitive understanding

of the luminaire. The first is a photometric curve that is encoded and integrated into a

program that the author created for lighting analysis; the second is a contour map that

Surfer software obtained using a rectangular coordinate system through a data exchange

file; and the third is a contour map in Origin software that is represented using a polar

coordinate system. It is anticipated that it will serve as a resource for lighting designers

when they create their point-by-point calculating software.

The researchers, therefore, conclude that in designing and developing a workstation,

human factors and other ergonomic concepts must be highly considered to come up with

the best design and to develop an ergonomic workstation that will perfectly fit the sewers

who will be using it. With that, the quality of their products will also improve and the

efficiency of the sewers will also increase.

Synthesis

The literature cited in this study aided the researchers in order to have a better

understanding of the ideas in delivering the output of the study which is the improved and

ergonomically-designed workstation. Through the sourced materials and previous studies,

 22

the researcher’s concept about the improved and ergonomically-designed workstation was

widened and became the basis for the development of the study and for gathering

information.

The study of Tondre et al. (2019), is similar to the current study since it will help the

sewers in having a key finding that altering the sewing workstation has a great deal of

potential to enhance the operator’s different part of body posture and performance. Also in

introducing ergonomic furniture to address different musculoskeletal discomforts.

However, the said study used a quality engineering method proposed by Taguchi and

ANOVA to analyze data which in current study Trade-off Analysis will be used to come

up with the finest design and development of workstation for the sewers.

The study of Eladly (2020), is similar to the current study because they both focused on

providing quality of life for operators as MSD problems reduce, considered anthropometric

measurements for data and addressing musculoskeletal issues which have an impact on

productivity. The said study became different since it consisted of BMI for redesigning the

sewer’s workstation and have an exception of the sewing machine type, which only has

two levels. Each of the four primary workstation-setting factors while in the current study

it is ergonomically designed by considering some needed in workstation like compartments

for some sewing small equipment, personal belongings and food snacks. as well as

providing an adjustable sewing machine table and chair to decrease body pain problems.

The study of Virmani et al. (2021), is similar to the present study because they are about

increasing WMSD and its negative impact in a company as it operates overall, leading to

health-related problems and absenteeism. But it is different from the current study because

of its result in using fuzzy Decision-making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (fuzzy-
 23

DEMATEL) they concluded that the industry must invest a lot of money in developing the

necessary skill sets. On the other hand, the current study focuses on designing and

developing ergonomically workstation for the sewers.

The study of Cimino et al. (2021) they also used different risk assessments for ergonomic

evaluation and prioritization which is similar to the current study and undergoing RULA,

REBA and OSWA. However, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to analyze the

data. The current study conducted the same type of ergonomic risk assessment but the

researcher will compare the result from before and after ergonomic intervention. To know

if the proposed improved ergonomically workstation is better than the standard sewing

machine table and chair of the sewers in the manufacturing by calculating its process time

and human factor.

In the study of Hidayata et al. (2021) the said study also used RULA, REBA and 3D

Modeling to support the data on its approach reverse engineering for redesign of sewing

operator’s seat which is similar to the current study. It is different to the current study

because it focuses on the sewing chair only by used of Reverse engineering which is

defined as getting an insight on the item before they can decide on the appropriate

adjustments, whereas in current study, they don’t use it because the researchers already

have sufficient knowledge. or They can easily understand the current workstation. In

addition, the researchers would also be creating a high-fidelity workstation rather than said

study which is a low-fidelity output.

The study of Ismail (2022), is similar to the current study because they also define the

data by conducting surveys and interviews to gather user’s complaints regarding the

possibility of having ergonomic-related problems due to the prolonged studying which

 24

served as the voice of the user which they highly considered in making the design

requirements for workstations. It is different to the current study because it used the

Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control (DMAIC) approach of Six Sigma in

overall research paper, whereas in the current study the researchers used a different method

like the ergonomic risk assessment to collect a right and proper design requirements for the

sewer’s workstation along with the voice of the customer.

The study of De Guzman (2018), is similar to the current study because in designing and

testing their prototype to know the proper illumination level of working place the

researcher also used as basis the recommended illumination in conforms the standards of

Occupational Safety and Health Standard specifically the Rule 1075 pertaining to

illumination requirement of the workplace. On the other hand, it is different to the current

study because De Guzman’s study is a lighting system which aims to control and to

maintain the illumination level of a certain place where the natural and artificial lights are

combined, whereas in the current study the standard was used in designing of the improved

workstation correct the reflection of light towards the eyes of the user.

The study of H Y Guo et. al (2020), is similar to the current study because it used the

Illuminating Engineering Society of North America IESNA as a standard of knowing the

characteristics of any light fixture, to better take advantage of the light effects of the light

fixture. However, the current study also used the OSHA together with the IESNA in

knowing the proper angle of fixture of light with right illuminance level. Moreover, the

study of H Y Guo et. al established three visualization methods to understand the luminaire

in an intuitive way by system and software aspect while the current study used the standard

in designing and development of sewers improved workstation.

 25

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter focuses on the conceptual framework, technical design and process, and

stages that the researchers had undergone in creating the design. This chapter involves the

research method, subject of the study, data gathering instruments and procedures, and data

analysis which are all relevant to the study's workstation improvement.

Research Method

The method that the researchers used is called the design and development method which

can also be referred to developmental research. According to Seels & Richey (1994),

developmental research, as opposed to simple instructional development, has been defined

as "the systematic study of designing, developing and evaluating instructional programs,

processes and products that must meet the criteria of internal consistency and

effectiveness.” This study focuses on the actual design process of the workstation which

was then developed into an improved and ergonomically-designed workstation for Jhuv

and Belle sewing services. The researchers applied ergonomic concepts in designing and

developing the improved workstation and the proposed design intends to address the

ergonomic risk factors of the sewers due to the current improperly-designed workstation.

The project considered addressing the sewer’s comfortability and to correct posture of their

body.

Subject of the Study

The main subjects of the study are the twenty (20) current sewers of the Jhuv and Belle

sewing services since they are the main people involved in producing the products. The
 26

researchers assessed the problems experienced by the sewers during their work in the

workstation by observing and conducting interviews. The researchers also considered the

anthropometric measurements of the sewers and acquired their evaluation and assessment

regarding the body pains they’ve experienced and the usage of the current workstation.

Data Gathering Instruments

The researchers gathered first utilized a communication letter which was used to

coordinate to the owner of the sewing services to gain approval of the request to visit their

manufacturing area and collect information. For observation, the researcher used mobile

phones to document the sewers while working on their workstations. An interview was

also used to have a deeper understanding of the sewer’s situation.

In addition, researchers also used research from different sources that can be found on

the internet or libraries as well as similar prototypes to support the study's credibility and

significance. Several ergonomic assessment tools such as RULA, REBA and Photometer

(Lux Light Meter Pro application) serves as a guide to assess the discomfort of the sewers.

The design of the workstation is done either on Sketch-Up or SolidWorks, which are the

software used for planning, visual ideation, and 3D modeling.

The researchers also utilized measurement tools like measuring tapes and rulers to gather

data regarding the worker’s anthropometrics. The trade-off analysis technique is also used

in evaluating the best option that meets the requirements.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers followed a set of steps to obtain the data and information they needed

for the study. The researchers approached the sewing services through a permission letter

to identify the problems that the sewers/workers are currently experiencing in which the
 27

researchers had found ergonomic problems on the workstation. Furthermore, the researcher

asked for data of their attendance record monthly to the concerned staff to gather

quantitative information to know its effect on productivity.

After observing the workstation and gathering data through interviews, the researchers

consolidated the data and evaluated it to have a deeper understanding of the problem. The

researchers took into account the design requirements and considerations, and hardware

requirements of the workstation wherein in designing the best alternative for the improved

and ergonomically-designed workstation.

After conceptualizing the design, the researchers conducted a trade-off analysis to

determine the best design alternative. The researchers then introduced the prototype to Jhuv

and Belle’s sewing service wherein the functionality of the equipment is tested and

evaluated.

Data Analysis

For analysis, the researchers used the formula of the mean and standard deviation for the

data that they have gathered. The mean is used for the purpose of getting the average of the

body pain level that the sewers are experiencing wherein its formula is:

𝛴𝑥
𝜇=
𝑛

Whereas, the standard deviation is used for supporting the mean body pain level, to get

a more precise pain level experienced by the sewers. Its formula is:

𝛴(𝑥 − 𝜇)2
𝜎=√
𝑁
 28

In addition, correlation analysis was also used for the purpose of determining the strength

of the linear relationship between two variables which just revolves around body pain,

production output, and absenteeism. The formula for correlation is:

𝑛(𝛴𝑥𝑦) − (𝛴𝑥)(𝛴𝑦)
𝑟=
√[𝑛(𝛴𝑥 2 ) − (𝛴𝑥)2 ][𝑛(𝛴𝑦)2 − (𝛴𝑦)2 ]
 29

CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the analysis and the systematic process undergone by the

researchers in completing the improved workstation for the Juhv and Belle’s sewing

services in Rosario, Batangas. It also shows the assessments performed on the data to arrive

at the best alternative design. Finally, this chapter outlines the assessments made, material

specifications, preliminary testing, and performance test results carried out to ensure the

effectiveness of the output.

1. The design requirements and considerations of a sewer’s workstation using

anthropometric measurement standard, light fixture standard, standard

illuminance level, and voice of the customer.

In developing the improved workstation of Jhuv and Belle’s sewing services,

the researchers would need to assess the existing workstation through ergonomic

assessment tools and through utilization of the anthropometric standards for the

sewing workstation. In this objective, the researchers also consider the design

requirements like its components and significance, and other considerations when

developing a design for the improved workstation.

 30

Table 1
Female Anthropometric Standards

Anthropometric Measurement (cm) (5th to 95th percentile)

Sitting Height 73.00 - 87.00

Hip Breadth Sitting 31.00 - 52.80

Buttock Popliteal Length 38.00 - 51.00

Popliteal Height 36.00 - 51.00

Stature Height 130.00 - 160.00

Source: See Appendix A, Figure A3

Table 1 shows the acceptable range differs between females whereas the

anthropometric standard used is derived from the study conducted by the National

Institutes of Health, of the University of the Philippines Manila in which this helps

determine if the measurements of the workers are within the acceptable range. For

female workers, the acceptable range should fall between the 5th percentile and

95th which is seen in the table provided. The researchers then considered these

measurements in creating the improved workstation design as well as correcting the

measurements that don't fall into the acceptable range.

 31

Source: Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety &

Illuminating Engineering Society of North America IESNA

Figure 2. Standard for the fixture of the light

Figure 2 shows what the researchers considered for the proper fixture of light in

a workstation wherein this fixture that was proposed is for reducing the reflected

light or glare that is directed towards the eyes which means that there would be a

positioning of light fixtures to reduce reflected light that is directed toward the eyes.

The figure shows the most common viewing angle of 25 degrees from the vertical

wherein an angle between 20 to 40 degrees to the horizontal surface is also the

common viewing angle range according to IESNA. (a) the working area can appear

dark and clear, when the angle of light is equal to the viewing angle. (b) a mirror-

like reflection can make the page illegible. This helps the researchers in a way that
 32

they would consider this lighting fixture for the improved workstation designs that

the researchers had made.

Table 2
Standard Illuminance level

Description Standard level

Close discrimination of details is essential such as

for medium bench and machine work, medium
inspection, fine testing, flour grading, leather
A minimum of 300 lux (30 foot candles)
finishing and weaving cotton goods or light colored
cloth/goods or for office desk work with intermittent
reading and writing for filing and mail sorting.

Discrimination of extremely fine detail is involved

under conditions of poor contrast for long periods of
time, such as for extra fine assembling instruments,
jewelry, and watch manufacturing, grading and A minimum of 1,000 lux (100 foot candles)
sorting tobacco products, makeup and proof-reading
in printing plants, and inspection of sewing dark-
colored cloth products.

Source: Occupational Safety and Health Standards Rule 1075.04

Table 2 shows the illuminance level standards from the Occupational Safety and
Health Standards, specifically under rule 1070 or the Occupational Health and
Environment Control. It shows that the illuminance level applicable to the sewer’s
workstation should have a minimum lux of 300 for the workstation itself and a
minimum lux of 1,000 for the sewing machine.
 33

Table 3
Voice of the Customer

Worker’s Story Design Requirement

The design of the workstation must have a chair that is

designed ergonomically to allow users to adjust the natural
The standard size of the current chair and table cannot be
structure of the body so that it can offer special support to
adjusted based on the sewer’s preferred height.
the body parts that are affected when seating for long
hours of sewing.

The design of the workstation must have a light that is

Since the designated lights are fixed, sewers find it designed ergonomically to provide increased or additional
difficult to adjust it at an appropriate distance. light for sewing while also being able to adjust according
to the user's preferences.

The design of the workstation must have a support for the

The back of the sewers are prone to being hit since there is
person to lean on while seated to reduce the load on the
no safeguard for the back. The workers also have no
worker's lower back and prevent low-back pain while
support for their back after long hours of working.
sewing.

The sewing services are only using industrial fans and

The design of the workstation must have an electric fan so
stand fans that are placed in the hallway which causes
that the area of the workers would be ventilated.
interference in the pathway.

The design of the workstation must have a container to

There is a lack of storage which causes some sewing
separate the sewing equipment, materials, personal
equipment to be not organized.
belongings, foods/beverages and others.

The design of the workstation must have a foam for the

Sewers are only using the plastic chair while manually
sewer’s comfortability that responds to the user's weight,
placing ordinary pillows.
heat, and evenly distributes the body weight.

The design of the workstation must have a chair that can

During break time and lunch break, sewers are always also function as a bed for the sewer’s comfortability
laying on their plastic chairs to get some rest. wherein during rest times or breaks, they would lie down
on their chair in their current workstation.

The design of the workstation must have an extra space

Sewer’s tumblers and snacks don't have their proper
where the user can utilize it for placing the finished
storage which is sometimes being mixed in the fabric.
outputs made by the sewers in a separate location.

The design of the workstation must have a mini-drawer

Sewers personal belongings also don't have their own
where the other sewing tools such as scissors and
proper storage to place in.
measuring tape can be stored.

The sewing nipper is so small that the sewers are always The design of the workstation must have a holder that
misplacing it which makes it harder to find. serves as a place to hold the nipper tool.

Source: Appendix A, Figure A9

Table 3 shows the voice of the customer along with its corresponding design

requirement that the researchers would need to consider in creating the improved

workstation. The researchers were able to come up with these items/necessities

through their analysis of the current workstation that the Jhuv and Belle sewing
 34

services has. The description of the design requirements are is indicated along with

the worker's story.

After establishing the standards to be used which is shown in table 1, the

researchers assessed the current set-up of the workers to identify the problems

observed. The researchers used different ergonomic assessment tools in this matter

such as the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), Rapid Entire Body

Assessment (REBA), and Ovako Working posture Assessment System (OWAS).

Table 4
Summary of Design Requirements

Standards Acceptable levels

The 5th to 95th percentiles of the
Anthropometric measurement of anthropometric measurements of Sitting
manufacturing workers Height, Hip Breadth Sitting, Buttock Popliteal
Length, Popliteal Height, and Stature Height.

Light must not reflect on the eyes of the user

and must not be directed into the user’s eyes
Fixture of the light
with a 25-degree vertical viewing angle and 20
to 40 degree from the horizontal surface.

Light must be within the minimum level of 300

Illuminance level lx for the workstation and minimum of 1,000 lx
for the sewing machine.

Based on the experiences and expectations of

Voice of the Customer
the user.

Table 4 shows the summary of design requirements the researchers must follow

in designing an improved sewer workstation for Jhuv and Belle sewing services in

which the researchers must take these standards into consideration upon the

creation of the three (3) proposed designs of the improved workstation.

 35

Table 5
Anthropometric Measurements

Anthropometric measurement Mean

(sitting height) (In cm)

Sitting Height 87.41

Hip breadth sitting 33.13

Buttock popliteal length 44.96

Popliteal height 45.74

Stature Height 116.74

Source: See Appendix A, Figure A4

Table 5 shows the anthropometric measurements of the workers in the Jhuv and

Belle’s sewing services wherein different height, length, and breadth of the sitting

position of the twenty (20) workers were measured in centimeters and recorded.

This data shows the current anthropometric measurements that the sewing services

have in their sewing workstation, for females. and These served as an additional

data or basis for creating the design alternatives of the improved workstation that

the researchers would be developing for the said sewing services.

 36

Table 6
Fixture of Light

Standard Actual

Table 6 shows the standard and actual for fixtures of light. There is no correction,

and the stitching, and light are not properly aligned in the actual picture. As a result,

they sew less frequently, which reduces the quantity of garments they produce.

Reflective lighting is required so that it doesn't shine directly on the fabric being

sewed with a 20 to 40 degrees fixture of light.

Table 7
Illuminance level (in lux) of the workstation

Location Actual Standard Difference

Workstation 249.7 Minimum of 300 -50.3

Machine Minimum of
737.3 -262.7
(Sewing Machine) 1,000
Source: Occupational Safety and Health Standards Rule 1075.04
 37

Table 7 shows the average illuminance level that was measured in the sewing

services using a lux meter, specifically the workstation itself and the sewing

machine where it can be seen on the table that the illuminance level of the said

location doesn’t meet the illuminance standards or the minimum level. This shows

that both the workstation and the sewing machine don't meet the standards and it

concludes that the researchers would need to consider installing additional lighting

in the workstation so that it can be within acceptable levels.

2. Design alternatives of the sewer's workstation in Jhuv & Belle Sewing

Services.

After analyzing the problem in the current workstation of the sewing services and

identifying the design requirements for the improved workstation, the researchers

then proceed in developing the design alternatives. Three (3) design alternatives

were made in order to help provide the researchers multiple choices in choosing the

best design wherein in determining the design that the researchers would fabricate,

the researchers would be doing a trade-off analysis. The designs of the improved

workstation were made in the SketchUp designing software.

 38

Design 1: Sewing Workstation with sloped wall

a. Isometric View of Design 1

b. Side View of Design 1 c. Top View of Design 1

Figure 3. Sewing Workstation with Sloped Wall

Figure 3 shows design 1 is made based on the proposed design requirement of an

ergonomic workstation for the sewers. The dimensions are based on the

anthropometric measurements of the sewers. The adjustable light is used to meet

the minimum illumination in the area and movable feature to set it to the right
 39

fixture. The sloped wall is the main difference between other 2 designs and all of

the requirements in the voice of the customer are included in the design.

Design 2: Bench style sewing workstation

a. Isometric View of Design 2

b. Side View of Design 2 c. Top View of Design 2

Figure 4. Bench Style Sewing workstation

Figure 4 shows design 2 is designed followed by the proposed design requirement

of an ergonomic workstation for the sewers. The dimensions were calculated using

the anthropometric data of the sewers. The adjustable lighting is used to meet the
 40

basic illumination needs of the work area and movable components to set the light

at the correct standard angle. The bench design is the main difference between other

2 designs and some of the sewers favor this design since it is similar to the plastic

benches they used wherein all of the requirements in the voice of the customer are

also included in the design.

Design 3: L-shaped Sewing workstation

a. Isometric View of Design 3

b. Side View of Design 3 c. Top View of Design 3

Figure 5. L-shaped Sewing workstation

Figure 5 shows the design 3 is created based on the proposed design requirement

of an ergonomic workstation for the sewers. The adjustable lighting is used to

 41

provide the workplace with the necessary basic illumination as well as moving

elements to position the lighting at the correct standard angle. The L-shaped table

and rotating chair is the main difference between other 2 designs. and Some of the

sewers favor this design since it is easy to seat and they have additional wide space

for their works. All of the requirements in the voice of the customer are included in

the design.

Table 8
Estimated costs for the design alternatives of the improved workstation

Alternative Designs Estimated Costs

Design 1 Sewing Workstation with Sloped Wall Php 19,423.00

Design 2 Bench Style Sewing Workstation Php 15,833.00

Design 3 L-shape Sewing Workstation Php 24,383.00

See Appendix A, Figure A5

Table 8 shows the estimated cost for the workstation of the sewers in the Jhuv and
Belle Sewing Services. Design 1 has an estimated cost of Php 19,423.00 from its
overall material. Its design is more complicated to fabricate than Design 2. Design
2 has an estimated cost of Php 15,833.00 from its overall material. Its design is
less complicated to fabricate than Design 1 and 3. Design 3 has an estimated cost
of Php 24,383.00 from its overall material. Its design is more complicated to
fabricate than Design 1 and Design 2.
 42

Table 9
Material specification of the sewer’s workstation

Design
Materials Image Description Purpose
Alternative

Chair tilt control Tilt enables the Used to lock the

user to rock or backrest and seat
recline backward into a specific
to a set limit reclined position 1, 2, and 3
defined by the or upright
chairs mechanism position.
or control plate

Pneumatic It is a mechanism Used for the

Hydraulic Gas that uses air to main chair for
lift increase the the adjustable
pressure to move part. 1, 2, and 3
the component.

Concealed It is installed Used as a handle

Cabinet Handle within the drawer in cabinets with
or cabinet and not no extra space 1 and 3
on the surface of it.

Cabinet Flip It allows a door to Used as hinge for

Hinges open and close the cover of
1 and 3
using a pivot Bottle holder
system

Hinges A mechanical Used to connect

bearing that chair bed and the
connects two solid main box 1, 2, and 3
objects.

Magnetic A magnetic door Used in

Cabinet Catches latch is a type of adjustable height
latch that consists in the chair bed
of a striking pad part to lock the
2
and a magnet and leveling support.
is used to keep
doors and gates
closed.

Wood Strip It levels or raises Used for the

1 x 1/4 the surface, to Sloped Design
3
prevent dampness. Edges
 43

Wood Strip It levels or raises Used for the

2 x 1/4 the surface, to extended L- 1
prevent dampness. Table Edge

Rugby It is an adhesive Used as adhesive

for materials such for the laminate
as rubber, leather, and plywood. 3
foam, wood, and
metals

Table Electric An electrical Used for the

fan appliance that lower right part
modulates the of the table to
circulation of air at ventilation to the 1, 2, and 3
a place. sewers.

PVC Laminated Used as a Used to the

Sheets decorative layer on extended L shape
top of raw surfaces table 3
such as plywood.

Light The natural agent To provide light

that stimulates to the sewers
sight and makes while performing 1, 2, and 3
things visible. their task.

Black screw Used as main Used as the main

fastening materials connectors for
together plywoods. 1, 2, and 3

Rubber feet Stem is made from Used in the chair

steel with a zinc to prevent the
2 and 3
plated finish. chair from
sliding.

Plywood Panel-shaped Used as the main

wood-based material for the
material made chair and its 1, 2, and 3
from several thin borders.
layers of wood.

Uratex Foam High-quality Used in the three

memory or visco- parts of the chair.
elastic foam 1, 2, and 3
 44

Drawer guide A mechanical Used for the

(Sliding) device which helps sliding chair so
to support a drawer that it can open 1 and 2
in an enclosed and close the
cabinet. box.

Acrylic glass A transparent Used for the

thermoplastic that border of the
is lightweight and sewing machine
1, 2, and 3
shatter-resistant.

White Paint A water-based Used as the

paint which primer for wood
contains acrylic and to be mixed
substance. with black paint. 1, 2, and 3

Black Paint An oil-based paint. Used to be mixed

with white to
produce a dark
gray color for the 1, 2, and 3
final coat.

Upholstery Upholstery fabric Used as the cover

Fabric is the padded of the chairs.
covering for a 1, 2, and 3
piece of furniture.

Tape A tape that is Used in the

coated with acrylic wall for it
adhesive on both to connect with 1, 2, and 3
sides. the table.

Neodymium Very high Used to connect

Magnet resistance to the sewing
demagnetization. nipper with the
retractable lace. 1, 2, and 3

Bottle Holder A rack or other Used as one of

device for holding the functions
bottles. inside the box, as
1, 2, and 3
a bottle holder.
 45

Bolts and Nuts A mechanical Used to connect

fastener with a the chair and the
threaded hole. gas lift. 1, 2, and 3

Table 9 shows the material specification of the improved sewer’s workstation for

the Jhuv and Belle’s sewing services. It consists of the description and purpose of

the materials that are utilized in the fabrication of the improved workstation of the

sewers. In order to identify which design the materials belong to, there is also a

column which tells in what design the material is applicable to.

3. Evaluation of the alternative designs using Trade-off Analysis.

In addition, the researchers used trade-off analysis to determine which of the

alternatives is the best design to be developed for the sewer’s workstation for Jhuv

and Belle’s sewing services. The methods that the researchers would be using are

the Standard Weighted Sum Method, Imprecise Designer Ranking Method, and

Analytical Hierarchy Process. These methods are for the analysis of the best design

wherein there were twenty (20) workers of Jhuv and Belle’s sewing services, two

(2) owners, and one (1) each for the expert, fabricator, and material supplier.

The researchers established the following design criteria for the three proposed

design alternatives: worker's comfortability and productivity , affordability, safety

and maintainability. The criterion importance scale is 1-5, and any design is capable

of satisfying any of the criteria on the scale from 1 to 5, with 5 being the highest

score.
 46

Table 10
Criterion Importance Rating Scale

Description of Satisfaction
Criterion Scale
(Kasiyahan)

5 Excellent (Lubhang Kasiya-siya)

4 Very Good (Higit na Kasiya-siya)

3 Satisfactory (Sapat na Kasiyahan)

2 Fair (Hindi gaanong Kasiya-siya)

1 Poor(Hindi Kasiya-siya)

Table 10 shows the rating scale set by the researchers which is used by the

respondents in evaluating the design alternatives of the improved workstation for

the sewer’s of the sewing services. With the ratings given by the respondents, the

researchers used it for the decision analysis.

 47

Table 11
Standard Weighted Sum Results

Design Alternatives

Design Criteria Importance Design 1 Design 2 Design 3

1. Comfortability.
(Pagbibigay ng
2 4.32 4.60 3.48
komportableng pwesto sa
pagtatrabaho)

2. Productivity.
(Pagkakaroon ng mas 3 4.28 4.68 3.72
produktibong paggawa)

3. Affordability.
3 3.96 4.88 3.72
(Makakamurang bilhin)

4. Safety.
2 4.80 4.44 4.88
(Kaligtasan sa Paggamit)

5. Maintainability.
(Kakayahang mapanatili ng
disenyo na madaling gawin 1 4.40 4.20 4.40
ang mga aksyon ng
pananahi)

47.36 50.93 43.44

TOTAL 9.47 10.19 8.69

Source: See Appendix B, Figure B7

Table 11 shows the evaluation of design criteria using the method of Standard

Weighted Sum (SWS) in which the sum was computed by multiplying the weight

to the criteria value of each design. The improved sewer workstation with a multi-

purpose chair or the design 2 obtained the highest result of 10.19 using the SWS

method. The standard weighted sum for design 1 is 9.47 and 8.69 for the design 3

which are both lower than the value for the design 2. With the SWS method, it

indicates that the best design is design 2 which is the Bench style sewing

workstation.
 48

Table 12
Imprecise Designer Ranking Table

Design Alternatives
Design Criteria Importance
Design 1 Design 2 Design 3

1. Comfortability.
(Pagbibigay ng komportableng 2 4.32 4.60 3.48
pwesto sa pagtatrabaho)

2. Productivity.
(Pagkakaroon ng mas 3 4.28 4.68 3.72
produktibong paggawa)

3. Affordability.
3 3.96 4.88 3.72
(Makakamurang bilhin)

4. Safety.
2 4.80 4.44 4.88
(Kaligtasan sa Paggamit)

5. Maintainability.
(Kakayahang mapanatili ng
1 4.40 4.20 4.40
disenyo na madaling gawin ang
mga aksyon ng pananahi)

TOTAL 11 4.31 4.63 3.95

Source: See Appendix B, Figure B9

Table 12 shows the evaluation of design criteria using the method of imprecise

Designer Ranking Table. The highest score obtained is the design 2 with 4.63 while

for design 1 is 4.31 and 3.95 for design 3. Since design 2 or the improved

workstation with the multi-purpose chair has the highest score therefore, it is the

best design using the imprecise designer ranking method.

 49

Table 13
Ratings Used in Comparing Criteria for Analytical Hierarchy Process

Criterion Scale Description

1 Equal Importance

3 Moderate Importance

5 Strong Importance

7 Very Strong Importance

9 Extreme Importance

2, 4, 6, 8 Intermediate Values

1/3, 1/5, 1/7, 1/9 Values for inverse comparison

Table 13 shows the ratings used in comparing criteria for analytical hierarchy

process having the scale of 1 for equal importance, 3 for moderate importance, 5

for strong importance, 7 for very strong importance, 9 for extreme importance,

while the scale of 2, 4, 6, 8 are for intermediate values, and 1/3, 1/5, 1/7, 1/9 are for

the inverse comparison.

Table 14
Analytical Hierarchy Process
Maintainability
Comfortability

Affordability
Productivity

Percentage
Row Total
Safety

Criteria

Comfortability 1 2 2 3 5 13.00 34%

Productivity 1/2 1 3 5 7 16.50 32%

Affordability 1/2 1/3 1 5 7 13.83 22%

Safety 1/3 1/5 1/5 1 3 4.73 8%

Maintainability 1/5 1/7 1/7 1/3 1 1.82 4%

Total 2.53 3.68 6.34 14.33 23.00 49.89 100%

Source: See Appendix B, Figure B10
 50

Table 14 shows the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) for sewers workstations;

this is the most precise method for calculating the relative weights of criteria.

Pairwise comparisons are used to evaluate the relative magnitudes of factors based

on individual experts' experiences. The researchers used this procedure to score

each criterion and compare which criterion was more important. The researchers

calculate the sum of each criterion's grades and percentages using these scores. In

each design, the percentage for each criterion was multiplied by the weighted mean.

Table 15
Analytical Hierarchy Process Design Evaluation

Maintainability
Comfortability

Affordability
Productivity

Average
Safety
Criteria

Weight 34% 32% 22% 8% 4% -

Design 1 146.88% 136.96% 87.12% 38.40% 17.60% 85.39%

Design 2 156.40% 149.76% 107.36% 35.52% 16.80% 93.17%

Design 3 118.32% 119.04% 81.84% 39.04% 17.60% 75.17%

Source: See Appendix B, Figure B10

Table 15 shows the product of the percentage and the scores. The researchers

calculated the sum and average, yielding 85.39% for Design 1, 93.17 for Design 2,

and 75.17 for Design 3. Design 2 is the best design in this method, with the highest

average.
 51

Table 16
Summary of Results for Trade-off Analysis

Trade-off Analysis
Design 1 Design 2 Design 3
Technique

Standard Weighted Sum 9.47 10.19 8.69

Imprecise Ranking Table 4.31 4.63 3.95

Analytical Hierarchy 85.39 93.17 75.17

Source: See Table 11, Table 12 & Table 15

Table 16 shows the summary of results after using the different trade-off

analysis techniques to identify the best design alternative to be developed for an

ergonomically sewers workstation. Design 2 had the highest score for standard

weighted sum with 10.19, the imprecise designer ranking table with 4.63, and

analytical hierarchy with 93.17. As a result, design 2 is the best design to develop

for the sewer’s improved workstation.

4. Fabrication of the best design of the sewer’s workstation in Jhuv & Belle

Sewing Services.

With the guidance of the trade-off analysis and the survey, the researchers came

up with the best alternative design of Sewers workstation, which was Bench style

sewing workstation and with that, they were able to start the fabrication process

which it is tested after by the sewers of the said business.

 52

Figure 6. Schematic Diagram of Bench Style Sewing Workstation

Figure 6 shows an improved workstation which met the design requirements by

following the dimensions of the design that correspond to values between the 5th

and 95th percentiles of the anthropometric measurements of manufacturing

workers at Jhuv and Belle Sewing Services. Since the workstation is adjustable the

position of the light is set in 25 - 35 degree to follow the standard of 20 - 40 degree

angle of light. The workstation light has an illuminance level of 327.3 lux to meet

the minimum requirement of 300 lux while the sewing light has an illuminance

level of 1164.33 lux to meet the minimum requirement of 1000 lux. Moreover, the

voice of the customers with regards to their experiences and expectations, from the

chair not being adjustable to the inconvenience of the nipper, are highly considered

in this Bench style sewing workstation.

 53

Figure 7. Developed Bench Style Sewer’s Workstation

Figure 7 above illustrates the components or parts of the best alternative design

of the sewer’s workstation wherein it is composed of the adjustable chair which has

a chair tilt control below that the sewers can hold to adjust, adjustable light which

is dimmable, backrest which can support and protect the sewer’s back for

stretching. An electric fan is built in the table for the sewer’s ventilation, also a

compartment for the other sewing equipment, and memory foam for their comfort.

A chair bed for better leaning rest position of the sewers since it has three options

of height level which can also serve as a space to place processed output. Moreover,

additional space below the chair’s sliding chair is for packed foods and beverages,

the sewing machine which is the main component of the workstation, the thread

holder which connects the fabrics or cloth, and the retractable thread trimmer for

the sewers easily find and use the nipper.

 54

Table 17
Components of Developed Bench Style Sewer’s Workstation

1. Adjustable Chair
The main chair of the sewers to be used. It
has chair tilt control below that the sewers
can hold to adjust from 16-18 in. of height.
2. Adjustable Light
The workstation source of light that can
adjust its brightness, height and angle.
3. Back Rest
A back support to protect the sewer’s back
from stretching.

4. Electric Fan
E-fan built in the table for the sewer’s
ventilation. It has 3 modes: off, low, and
high.

5. Compartment
Extra 2 pieces of 1 x 4 x 8 in space under the
sewing table for other sewing equipment.

6. Memory Foam
A cushion for the sewer's comfortability. It
has a dimension of 30 x 16 x 3 in.
7. Chair Bed
An adjustable angle for laying position when
resting. It has 3 modes: low, medium, and
high.
8. Additional Space
A 16 x 30 x 16 in space for packed
beverages and personal belongings.

9. Sewing Machine
The edging machine used by sewers to
process joint shoulder outputs.
 55

10. Thread Holder

A place for threads to use for sewing
machines. It has a maximum of 5 holders.

11. Retractable Sewing Nipper

A magnetic retractable holder for the
trimmer for cutting threads and fabrics.

Table 17 shows the 11 actual components of the best alternative design for the

sewer’s workstation. The system components of the sewer’s workstation are

located in legend along with its specifications.

Figure 8. Developed Bench Style Sewing Workstation with the Sewer

Figure 8 shows the actual picture of the Bench style sewing workstation. It

shows the fabricated workstation that was used in the sewing process of the

shoulder part of their product clothes. Ergonomic and anthropometric measurement

considerations are applied, to fit the sewer adequately.

 56

Table 18
Anthropometric Considerations (in centimeters)

Measurement Acceptable?
Measurement
Value (5th to 95th)

Sitting Height 76.00 Yes (73.00-87.00)

Hip Breadth Sitting 50.80 Yes (31.00 - 52.8)

Buttock Popliteal Length 40.64 Yes (38.00 - 51.00)
Popliteal Height 45.00 Yes (36.00 - 51.00)

Stature Height 152.00 Yes (130.00 - 160.00)

Source: See Appendix a. Figure A3

Table 18 shows the anthropometric consideration on the design and

development of sewing workstation. The measurements collected are used to

provide the correct dimension value for fabrication. The popliteal height is used for

the distance from the ground to the seating area. The hip breadth sitting, and buttock

popliteal Length is used for the length and width of the adjustable chair. Stature

Height is used for the overall length of the chair while the sitting height is used for

the distance from the middle to the end of the chair.

 57

Table 19
Fixture of Light

Before After

Table 19 shows the actual fixture of light before and after the bench style sewing

workstation is fabricated and installed in the sewing services. Before, the sewer’s

source of light in the manufacturing was not placed in the workstation but in its

workplace and it can be observed that the in which the light is reflecting, hits the

eye of the sewer. In the fabricated workstation, the researchers proposed a new

source of light which can be dimmed, by following the standard fixture of light,

through which the sewer can adjust the light at the acceptable range of angle

(between 20 - 40 degrees) so that the light cannot be reflected on their eyes.

 58

Table 20
Illuminance level (in lux) comparison

Location Standard Before After

Workstation Minimum of 300 249.7 327.2

Machine Minimum of
737.3 1,164.33
(Sewing Machine) 1,000
Source: See Appendix A, Figure A9 & A10

Table 20 shows the average illuminance level of before and after that was

measured in the sewing services using a lux meter. With the fabricated bench style

sewing workstation, it can be seen on the table above that the illuminance level

after its testing meets the illuminance standards or the minimum level of

illuminance. This shows that the installed lighting of the improved workstation is

within acceptable levels.

 59

Table 21
Addressing the Voice of the Customer

Worker’s Story Improvement/Solution Implemented?

The standard size of the current chair and table

cannot be adjusted based on the sewer’s preferred
height.
Adjustable Chair ✔

✔
Since the designated lights are fixed, sewers find it
difficult to adjust it at an appropriate distance.
Adjustable Light

The back of the sewers are prone to being hit since

✔
there is no safeguard for the back. The workers also
have no support for their back after long hours of
Back Rest
working.

The sewing services are only using industrial fans

and stand fans that are placed in the hallway which
causes interference in the pathway.
Electric Fan ✔

✔
There is a lack of storage which causes some sewing
equipment to be not organized.
Compartment

✔
Sewers are only using the plastic chair while
manually placing ordinary pillows.
Foam

✔
During break time and lunch break, sewers are
always laying on their plastic chairs to get some rest.
Chair Bed

Sewer’s tumblers and snacks don't have their proper

storage which is sometimes being mixed in the
fabric.
Additional Space ✔

✔
Sewers personal belongings also don't have their own
proper storage to place in.
Attachable drawers

✔
The sewing nipper is so small that the sewers are
always misplacing it which makes it harder to find.
Sewing Nipper Holder

Table 21 shows how the researchers addressed the voice of the customer wherein

they were able to come up with improvements/solutions that could solve the

problems the sewing services have with their current workstation and these items

would be incorporated in the said improvement. It can also be observed that all of

the solutions were implemented on the improved workstation.

 60

Table 22
Bill of Materials
Materials Description Qty Unit Unit Price Amount

Chair tilt control Heavy duty mechanism 1 pc ₱ 1,076.00 ₱ 1,076.00

Pneumatic Hydraulic ₱ 280.00 ₱ 280.00

Heavy Duty 11” Rod gas cylinder 1 pc
Gas lift

Hinges SW. Hydraulich hinges 3 pcs ₱ 105.00 ₱ 315.00

Table Electric fan 3 blade spiral, 2 speed wind adjustment 1 pc ₱ 305.00 ₱ 305.00
Light Antarctica LED sewing machine table lamp 1 pc ₱ 659.00 ₱ 659.00
Black Screw 2 inch 50 pcs ₱ 2.00 ₱ 100.00
Drill Bit #55 drill bit 1 pc ₱ 34.00 ₱ 34.00
Plywood MLIM 3/4 2 pc ₱ 1,563.00 ₱ 3,126.00
Sand Paper Hippo #100 & 180, Omega #12o 3 pcs ₱ 31.00 ₱ 94.00
Uratex Foam 2x16x20 3 pcs ₱ 165.00 ₱ 495.00

Drawer Guide (sliding) Creston drawer guide 2 pcs ₱ 73.00 ₱ 145.00

Acrylic Glass Clear Acrylic Sheets - Perspex Sheets Cut to Size 10 ₱ 38.00 ₱ 380.00
pcs
and Shape
Wood Hole Starcraft wood hole 1 set ₱ 120.00 ₱ 120.00
Screw Bit Best double end bit 1 pc ₱ 65.00 ₱ 65.00
Black Screw 1 inch 50 pcs ₱ 1.00 ₱ 50.00
Paint White Welcoat Gloss 1 pc ₱ 206.00 ₱ 206.00
Paint Black Welcoat QDE 1 pc ₱ 58.00 ₱ 58.00
Paint Roller Roller #4 retill cotton 1 pc ₱ 37.00 ₱ 37.00
Slide Track K-1055# Slide track 1 pc ₱ 69.00 ₱ 69.00
Gun tacker Powerful Gun tacker 1 pc ₱ 195.00 ₱ 195.00
Staples Staples 10mm 1 set ₱ 50.00 ₱ 50.00
Wood Screw Wood screw 8x1 1 pc ₱ 15.00 ₱ 15.00
Fabric Made for durable, high-quality pants and trousers 3 yards ₱ 110.00 ₱ 328.00
Tape Double sided tape foam 1 pc ₱ 90.00 ₱ 90.00
Neodymium Magnet 30mm round shape earth 1 pc ₱ 197.00 ₱ 197.00
Rubber Feet DIY furniture chair leg pad 8 pcs ₱ 23.00 ₱ 184.00
Bottle Holder Foldable black beverage cup 1 pc ₱ 97.00 ₱ 97.00
Bolt nut Bolt M6 x 35 4 pcs ₱ 12.00 ₱ 48.00
Wire organizer Cord holder clip, /Clips cable 1 set ₱ 70.00 ₱ 70.00

Twist Lock Zinc alloy security 1 pc ₱ 108.00 ₱ 108.00

Strip Light Bar Aluminum LED Channel holder cover 1 pc ₱ 128.00 ₱ 128.00
Total Amount ₱ 9,149.00
Delivery Cost ₱ 1450.00
Labor Cost ₱5,600.00
Total Cost ₱ 16,199.00

Source: Ortemer Enterprises

 61

Table 22 shows the bill of materials used in fabricating the sewer’s workstation.

It was fabricated using different materials wherein the table presents the items,

dimensions, units, quantity, and cost used in making the sewers workstation. The

researchers considered the maintainability and quality of materials and the safety

of future 20 users. The cost of materials was Php 9,149.00, labor cost was a total of

Php 5,600 and delivery cost was Php 1,450.00, including the cost used for the

modification process.

a. Evaluation and Preliminary Testing stage of the Sewer’s Workstation

Conducting preliminary testing was done to determine if the improved

sewer’s workstation met the desired purpose of the researchers. The result

acquired from the preliminary testing helped the researchers to further

improve the sewer’s workstation. Evaluation of the performance of the

bench style sewing workstation was conducted upon testing it to the sewer

or by letting the worker of the sewing services use the fabricated improved

workstation. The performance of the improved sewer’s workstation was

evaluated in terms of processing time.

 62

b. Problems Encountered and its Modifications

Table 23
Addressing the problems encountered

Problem Image Modification Image

1. Too much Made the light

brightness of the controllable
light which and added a
caused reflector which
discomfort to the produces an
sewer’s after illuminance
prolonged hours level of 327.2
of sewing. lux.

2. The sewer Changed the

can’t move the rubber feet into
chair easily in a caster furniture
horizontal motion wheels for
because of the mobility.
rubber feet.

3. Sliding part of Installing a

the chair slips twist lock to the
easily in which sliding chair to
the sewer finds it prevent it from
difficult to stand sliding.
up or lay down
because it is being
pushed
unintentionally.

4. The lamp and Putting cable

the electric fan organizer clips
wires are hanging to wire.
out in the open or
some tangling.

5. The edge of the Attaching edge

acrylic wall is protector
sharp which corner guard
became a hazard soft.
to the sewers.
 63

Table 23 shows the problems that the researchers encountered after the

evaluation and preliminary testing of the improved workstation wherein

researchers found some irregularities in the intended functions of the

components of the workstation and after that, the researchers took

corrective actions on the problems encountered.

5. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the best design in terms of processing time

and human factor.

The researcher then evaluated the effectiveness of the best design in terms of

processing time and human factor by presenting the data gathered from the old

workstation to compare it to the new workstation.

5.1 Processing time

Table 24
Comparison of process time

Old Workstation New Workstation

Task
(minutes) (minutes)
Get the 10 sets of pre-cut fabric from the
0.20 0.20
distribution area. (One set is 10 pieces)

Turning on the machine. 0.09 0.08

Get 1 set and connect the shoulder through the

23.79 17.89
edging machine individually.

Turning off the machine 0.08 0.16

Puting the 10 sets of fabric into the

0.21 0.20
distribution area.

Cycle Time 24.38 18.54

See Appendix A, Figure A5 and A6

Table 24 shows the observation time to produce one-hundred (100) joint-shoulder

outputs with the old and new process. The process consists of five (5) tasks wherein
 64

the cycle time to produce the 100 outputs in the old workstation was 24.38 minutes

while the cycle time in the new workstation was only 18.54 minutes. In addition,

the worker being observed, which is the female worker, in the old workstation is

the same worker in the new workstation so that the data can be consistent.

5.2 Human Factor

Table 25
Before and After of Ergonomic Risk Assessment

Assessment Before Interpretation After Interpretation

RULA 7 Investigation and 3 Further investigation

changes are required is needed and
immediately changes may be
required.

REBA 10 High risk, investigate 3 Low risk, change

and implement may be needed
change

OWAS 3 Improvements are 1 Improvements are

necessary as soon as not necessary
possible
Source: See Appendix B, Page 91-94

Table 25 shows the before and after results of the ergonomic risk assessment,

specifically the RULA, REBA, and OWAS. The computation of the “After” results

can be found on the appendices wherein it can be observed on the table above that

the scores of each assessment were changed after the implementation of the

improved workstation. The scores on the previous assessment were high and after

installing the improved workstation in the sewing services, the improvements can

be seen just by looking at the scores in which the scores are now low. This is

because the improved workstation was designed with regards to the anthropometric

measurements e.g. Sitting Height, Hip Breadth Sitting, Buttock Popliteal Length,
 65

Popliteal Height, and Stature Height, of the worker in which the researchers fitted

the workstation into the worker or the workstation is within the 5th to 95th

percentile which then reduces the improper postures thus, reducing the scores for

the RULA, REBA, and OWAS assessment. Moreover, the sewer’s equipment is

now organized and easily accessible which made their work more efficient.
 66

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter elaborated the synopsis of findings, conclusions, and recommendations

drawn from the examination of gathered information for the “Design and Development of

Improved workstation through Ergonomic Risk Assessment for Jhuv and Belle Sewing

Services in Rosario, Batangas.”

Summary of Findings

The following results were derived based on the data gathered.

1. The researchers used different standards that they based on as part of determining

the design requirements of a sewer’s workstation which includes utilizing the

female anthropometric standard in order to determine the acceptable measurements

of the worker while seated such as the sitting height, hip breadth sitting, buttock

popliteal length, popliteal height, and stature height. In addition, the researchers

also used the standard for the fixture of light and the standard illuminance level to

avoid having poor illuminance of the workstation or avoid straining the worker.

The factors that caused the problems of the sewers are gathered by interviews as

the voice of the user is considered for the design requirements of the workstation.

2. The researchers developed three alternative designs of the sewer's workstation in

order to address the problems posed by the current workstation the sewing services

have. Design 1 which is the Sewing Workstation with sloped wall, Design 2 named

Bench Style Sewing Workstation, and Design 3 which is the L-shaped Sewing

workstation.
 67

3. The researchers performed a design trade-off analysis. These methods are for the

analysis of the best design wherein there were twenty (20) workers of Jhuv and

Belle’s sewing services, two (2) owners, and one (1) each for the expert, fabricator,

and material supplier. The researchers used four trade-off analysis techniques such

as Standard Weighted Sum Method, Imprecise Designer Ranking Method, and

Analytical Hierarchy Process. The best alternative design had the following scores:

for the standard weighted sum was 10.19, for imprecise designer ranking was 4.63,

and for the analytical hierarchy process was 93.17. As an overall result using these

methods Design 2, or the Bench Style Sewing Workstation is the best design based

on the three (3) trade-off analysis methods.

4. Based on the fabricator, the Bench Style Sewing Workstation was built utilizing

different system components. Those system components used in the study are

composed of the adjustable chair, adjustable light, back rest, electric fan,

compartment, memory foam, chair bed, additional space, sewing machine, thread

holder, and retractable thread trimmer. In utilization of space and reducing weight

of the workstation, the use of plywood as the body and frame is better than creating

a frame of lumber.

5. The researchers conducted an observation in producing one-hundred (100) joint-

shoulder output. The cycle time in the old workstation was 24.38 minutes while the

cycle time in the new workstation was only 18.54 minutes. The researchers used

the ergonomic assessment tools again and the sewer’s improper posture was

reduced through the use of the Bench Style Sewing Workstation. The score of the

improved workstation is now low compared to the previous one wherein the Rapid
 68

Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) has

a score of 3 which indicates further investigation or low risk and that changes may

be required, and as for the Ovako Working Posture Assessment (OWAS), it has a

score of 1 indicating that improvements are not necessary. Through the design and

development of the Bench Style Sewing Workstation, the improper posture of the

sewer and the poor design of the workstation has been improved by installing the

improved sewing workstation proposed by the researchers wherein the Bench Style

Sewing Workstation is designed ergonomically.

Conclusion

After determining the design requirements and development of the three (3) designs, it

was followed up by conducting trade-off analysis. The researchers came up with the

following conclusions:

1. Through the design requirements, the researchers were able to come up with the

concept design of the improved sewing workstation wherein the design

requirements served as the foundation for their design and development.

2. It is very important to develop three (3) alternative designs in designing a

workstation as it helps the researcher to have different options to choose even if all

three designs are developed with similar functions based on the design requirements

where they only differ with the structure and style.

3. The trade-off analysis is very significant in determining which of the alternatives is

the best design to be developed for the sewer’s workstation for the Jhuv and Belle

sewing services specially through the use of different tools or methods which

helped the researchers clearly evaluate the results.

 69

4. During the fabrication of the designs, it is valuable to know first the best and

appropriate materials which are going to be used to avoid errors and to have a good

quality workstation.

5. The data of the processing time is more accurate when there are more trials wherein

the researchers used (10) ten trials to measure sewer’s cycle time and got a clear

result of its improved process time. Moreover, by conducting an assessment using

the ergonomic tools, the result shows that the Bench Style Sewing Workstation

lessened the improper posture of the sewer from high risk to low risk.

Ergonomically, designing the workstation also proves that not only does it improve

the process time but it also improves the body posture of the workers.

Recommendations

Based on the findings and conclusions of the study, the researchers recommended the

following:

1. The future researchers may also consider applying it to other similar sewing

services.

2. The future researchers must consider digging deeper on the factors that cause body

discomfort of the sewers aside from improper posture, body pain, and poorly-

designed workstation to further reduce the body discomfort of the sewers.

3. The future researcher must also consider different methods of improving a sewing

workstation like looking for more related literature.

4. The future researchers must consider making the workstations close from one

another to maximize the working area or the workplace of the sewers.

 70

5. The management of the sewing services can consider the strict implementation of

5S within the workstation through a newly established policy in order to maintain

the workstation.

6. The manager must consider giving attention in terms of the worker’s need in the

workstation.

7. The manager of the sewing services can apply the improved workstation to all of

the workers in different sewing processes so that the state can be improved.
 71

Bibliography

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improving working posture of a sewing operator. International Journal of Industrial
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ergonomic redesign of the sewing machine workstation", Research Journal of Textile and
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human factors/ergonomics societies, registered as a nonprofit organization in Geneva,
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based on the maximum holding times. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 77,
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Atta, R. M., El-Sayed, I., & Aleem H. Mohamed, A. (2020). Fabric Properties
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 74

APPENDICES
 75

APPENDIX A

Data and Information

 76

Figure A1. Workers of Jhuv & Belle Sewing Services

Figure A2. Pain level body map

 77

Table A1
Average Body Pain Level

Body Pains Pain Level Standard Deviation

Back 7.2 0.83
Shoulder 6.5 0.69
Neck 5.4 0.60
Waist 5.25 0.85
Wrist 5 0.73
Arm 4.75 0.97
Leg 4.35 0.88
Foot 4.1 0.72
Head 3.45 0.99

Table A2
RULA and REBA Result of Current Sewing Workstation

Worker RULA Result REBA Result

Action
Score Intervention Score Risk
Level

Investigation High Risk,

and changes investigate and
7 4 10
are required implement
immediately. change
 78

Table A3
Semi Annual Percentage of Absenteeism Causes of Year 2022

Reason of Absenteeism Percentage

Body Pain 64.13%
Childcare and Eldercare 18.48%
Illness 17.39%
Total 100.00%

Table A4
Correlation of Absenteeism, Body Pain and Production Output

Absenteeism Body Pain Production Output

Absenteeism 1 0.88 -0.41
Body pain 0.88 1 -0.18
Production Output -0.41 -0.18 1

Figure A3. Anthropometric measurement standard of Filipino Manufacturing

Workers
 79

Figure A4. Data of the Anthropometric measurements of the sewers

 80

Table A5
Illuminance level of the Workstation

Difference Difference
Worker Machine Workstation
from standard from standard

1 793 -293 297 -3

2 752 -252 250 -50

3 848 -348 228 -72

4 695 -195 295 -5

5 986 -486 232 -68

6 909 -409 202 -98

7 525 -25 300 0

8 882 -382 235 65

9 761 -261 240 60

10 841 -341 218 82

11 546 -46 276 24

12 736 -236 270 30

13 929 -429 228 72

14 596 -96 293 7

15 574 -74 228 72

16 504 -4 273 27

17 967 -467 212 88

18 696 -196 239 61

19 675 -175 249 51

20 531 -31 229 71

 81

Figure A5. Cost Breakdown of the alternative designs

Figure A6. Old Process Flow Chart
82
Figure A7. Improved Process Flow Chart
83
 84

Figure A8. Attendance Records

85
86
87
 88

Figure A9. Initial Interview Answers

 89

Figure A10. Illuminance level of the sewing workstation

Figure A11. Illuminance level of the sewing machine

 90

APPENDIX B

Computations
 91

Table B1
RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment)

Body Part Image Analysis Position Score

Upper Arm 4

Lower Arm 3

Wrist 3
Twist 1

Neck 3

Trunk 4
 92

Legs 1

Source: Ergofellow

Figure B1. RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) of Current Sewing

Workstation
 93

Table B2
REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment)

Body Part Image Analysis Position Score

Neck 2

Trunk 3

Legs 2

Upper Arm 4

Lower Arm 2

Wrist
3
Position
 94

Source: Ergofellow

Figure B2. REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) of Current Sewing

Workstation

Figure B3. Ovako Working Posture Assessment System (OWAS)

95
Table B4.
96
Table B5.
97
 98

Figure B4. Importance Calculation from the survey questionnaire

Figure B5. Results of the Rating of Design Alternatives

 99

Figure B6. Summary of the survey questionnaire results

Figure B7. Computation of the SWS Method

Figure B8. Computation of the Imprecise Designer Ranking Method

 100

Figure B9. Computation of the AHP Method

 101

𝑶𝒍𝒅 𝑶𝒖𝒕𝒑𝒖𝒕
𝑬𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚 = 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
𝑵𝒆𝒘 𝑶𝒖𝒕𝒑𝒖𝒕

𝟏, 𝟕𝟓𝟏
𝑬𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚 = 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
𝟐, 𝟐𝟏𝟒

𝑬𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚 = 𝟕𝟗. 𝟎𝟗%

𝑪𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒕𝒚

𝑵𝒆𝒘 𝑳𝒂𝒃𝒐𝒓 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒕𝒚 − 𝑶𝒍𝒅 𝑳𝒂𝒃𝒐𝒓 𝑳𝒂𝒃𝒐𝒓 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒕𝒚

= 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
𝑵𝒆𝒘 𝑳𝒂𝒃𝒐𝒓 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒕𝒚

𝟏𝟏𝟕. 𝟏𝟒 − 𝟕𝟑. 𝟐𝟔
𝑪𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒕𝒚 = 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
𝟏𝟏𝟕. 𝟏𝟒

𝑪𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒕𝒚 = 𝟑𝟕. 𝟒𝟔%

 102

Table B6
New RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment)

Body Part Image Analysis Position Score

Upper Arm 2

Lower Arm 1

Wrist
2
Twist

Neck 2

Trunk 2
 103

Legs 1

Figure B10. RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) of Improved Sewing

Workstation
 104

Table B7
New REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment)

Body Part Image Analysis Position Score

Neck 1

Trunk 2

Legs 2

Up
2
per Arm

Lower Arm 1

Wrist
2
Position
 105

Figure B11. REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) of Improved Sewing

Workstation

Figure B12. New Ovako Working Posture Assessment System (OWAS)

 106

Figure B13. Viewing Angle to a Horizontal Surface

 107

APPENDIX C

Survey Questionnaire
 108

Interview Questions
109
110
111
112
 113

Trade-off Questionnaire
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
 121

APPENDIX D

Letters and Certificates

122
123
124
125
126
127
128
 129

APPENDIX E

Documentation
 130

Visiting the Sewing Services for initial observations

Conducting survey for trade-off analysis

Fabrication of the workstation

 131

Delivering the fabricated workstation in the sewing services

Making adjustments to the workstation

 132

Gathering new data at the sewing services

 133

RESULT OF TURNITIN
134
 135

CERTIFICATE FROM GRAMMARIAN

 136

CURRICULUM VITAE
 137

EDHE ROSE C. BAYER

Lumang Kalsada, Rosario, Batangas
09673142929
bayeredhe@gmail.com

OBJECTIVE OVERVIEW
To apply the industrial engineering concepts and knowledge I've gained thus far, and to
gain additional knowledge and expertise in their application.

PERSONAL DATA

Age: 22 years old

Birthday: September 26, 2000
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Born Again
Nationality: Filipino

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Tertiary Batangas State University - Alangilan Campus

Bachelor of Science in Industrial Engineering
2019 - Present

Secondary Palahanan Integrated High School

Palahanan 2nd, San Juan , Batangas
2013-2019

Elementary Pinagsibaan Integrated Elementary School

Pinagsibaan, Rosario, Batangas
2007-2013

WORK EXPERIENCE

Nathaniel Feedmills Corporation

Intern
 138

Lumbangan, Rosario, Batangas

08/2022 - 12/2022

SEMINARS/TRAININGS ATTENDED

Project Management Fundamentals Certified

Certified Lean Six Sigma Yellow Belt

SO2 Basic Occupational Safety and Health (BOSH)

January 22-23, 29-30 2022

IE Week Conference v1.0

“IExplore: Rising above Orthodox”
March 14 – 19, 2022

UPLB IESO’S
“SkillUp 2k21 : Expanding Project Management Skill Set Through MS: Office”
October 23, 2021

Sibol – PINOY Management Consultancy

Septermber 18, 2021

PINAS FORWARD ACADEMY

“Pinas Forward GenLit Webinar
August 28, 2021

MEMBERSHIP AND AFFILIATION

• Philippine Institute of Industrial Engineers – CALABARZON

Student Chapter (PIIE)
Director for Documentation Committee
2021-2022

• Junior Philippines Institute of Industrial Engineer (JPIIE) Documentation

Committee 2020-2021

• Junior Philippines Institute of Industrial Engineer (JPIIE)

Member 2019 – present
 139

• Batangas Society of Industrial Engineering Students (BSIES)

Member 2019 – present

CHARACTER REFERENCE

Dr. Angelita M. Pagcaliwagan

Batangas State University – Alangilan
DEAN of Industrial Engineering Department

Engr. Jerson A. Culla, MEng-IE, CIE, AAE

OJT Coordinator, Instructor, Industrial Engineering Department
Batangas State University – Alangilan
+63 995 388 3314

Michael Alvarez
Barangay Captain
Pinagsibaan, Rosario, Batangas

I hereby attest that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge
and belief.

EDHE ROSE C. BAYER

APPLICANT
 140

JOMAGLEN C. ESCALA
Purok 5 Santolan, Brgy. Bilogo Batangas city
09950425054
jomaescala11@gmail.com

OBJECTIVE OVERVIEW
To apply the industrial engineering concepts and knowledge I've gained thus far, and to
gain additional knowledge and expertise in their application.

PERSONAL DATA

Age: 22 years old

Birthday: November 11, 2000
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Roman Catholic
Nationality: Filipino

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Tertiary Batangas State University - Alangilan Campus

Bachelor of Science in Industrial Engineering
2019 - Present

Secondary STI College Batangas

Brgy. Kumintang Ibaba
Batangas City
2017-2019

Dagatan National High School

Brgy. Dagatan
Taysan, Batangas
2013-2017

Elementary Bilogo Elementary School

Brgy. Bilogo
Batangas City
 141

2007-2013

WORK EXPERIENCE

IKM Batching Plant

Intern
Sabang Street Ibaan, Batangas
09/2022 - 11/2022

Jollibee Franchise
Service Crew/Cashier
Diversion Road, Batangas City
03/2019 - 10/2019

Mang Inasal Franchise

Service Crew
SM City Batangas
03/2017 - 06/2018

Citimart
Priceman
Bay City Mall - P. Burgos Batangas City
11/2018 - 12/2018

SEMINARS/TRAININGS ATTENDED

Project Management Fundamentals Certified

Certified Lean Six Sigma Yellow Belt

SO2 Basic Occupational Safety and Health (BOSH)

January 22-23, 29-30 2022

IE Week Conference v1.0

“IExplore: Rising above Orthodox”
March 14 – 19, 2022
 142

MEMBERSHIP AND AFFILIATION

• Junior Philippines Institute of Industrial Engineer (JPIIE) Finance

Committee 2020-2021

• Junior Philippines Institute of Industrial Engineer (JPIIE)

Member 2019 – present

CHARACTER REFERENCE

Dr. Angelita M. Pagcaliwagan

Batangas State University – Alangilan
DEAN of Industrial Engineering Department

Engr. Jerson A. Culla, MEng-IE, CIE, AAE

OJT Coordinator, Instructor, Industrial Engineering Department
Batangas State University – Alangilan
+63 995 388 3314

Jaime Villena
Barangay Captain
Bilogo, Batangas City

I hereby attest that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge
and belief.

JOMAGLEN C. ESCALA
APPLICANT
 143

RABANO, KARL CYREN L.

450 Kamalig, Pag-asa, Taysan, Batangas
0993-612-7345
karlcyren.rabano07@gmail.com

OBJECTIVE

Seeking a position to build skills and to expand more knowledge and learnings. Looking
forward to developing my organizational skills and teamwork ability.

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Age 22
Date of Birth: February 07, 2001
Civil Status Single
Gender: Male
Religion: Roman Catholic
Nationality: Filipino
Height: 5’11’’
Weight: 61kg

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Tertiary Batangas State University

Bachelor of Science in Industrial Engineering
Golden Country Homes Alangilan, Batangas City
2019 - Present
Secondary Taysan High School and Child Development Center
Poblacion East, Taysan, Batangas
2013 - 2019
Elementary Taysan Central School
Problation East, Taysan, Batangas
2008 - 2013
 144

SKILLS

✔ Presentation ✔ Logical Thinking ✔ MS Office Skills

✔ System related skills
✔ Writing skills
✔ Communication skills
✔ Detailed-oriented
✔ Organizational Skills
✔ Trustworthy
✔ Discreet and Ethical
✔ Creativity
✔ Problem Solving Mindset
✔ Data Analysis
✔ Hand Drafting
✔ Minitab
✔ Basic AutoCAD
✔ Sketchup Pro
✔ SolidWorks

AFFILIATIONS AND ORGANIZATIONS

Junior Philippine Institute of Industrial Engineers – BSU Alangilan Chapter Member

2019 – Present

WORK EXPERIENCE

Melham Construction Corporation

General Manager Intern
#27 Commonwealth Avenue, Diliman, North Fairview, Quezon City.
8/22 - 12/2022

TRAINING AND SEMINAR ATTENDED:

Project Management Fundamentals Certified

Certified Lean Six Sigma Yellow Belt

The Resilience Mindset Webinar

September 16, 2022

Basic Occupational Safety and Health

September 26, 2022

Time Management: Structure for Efficiency

October 3, 2022

ICONnect: Finding the Right People for Your Startup

October 11, 2022

“Founders’ Perspective”
 145

November 9, 2022

Sibol-Pinoy Management Consultancy 5 Hour Webinar Series:

Management Essentials in the New Normal
Strategic Planning and Development and Fundamentals of Project Management
September 11, 2021

CHARACTER REFERENCES

Will be provided upon request

I hereby attest that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge
and belief.

KARL CYREN L. RABANO

APPLICANT
 146

ERWIN BERNARD A. TALENTO II

177 Palikpikan Extension, Balayan, Batangas
09260229894
berwin.the2nd@gmail.com

OBJECTIVE OVERVIEW
To secure a challenging career opportunity to fully utilize my learnings, knowledge and
skills, while making a significant contribution to the success of the organization.

PERSONAL DATA

Age: 21 years old

Birthday: January 12, 2001
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Roman Catholic
Nationality: Filipino

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Tertiary Batangas State University - Alangilan Campus

Bachelor of Science in Industrial Engineering
2019 - Present

Secondary STI College Balayan

Ped Plaza Business Center, Brgy. Ermita,
Balayan, Batangas
2017-2019

Core Science Academy Inc.

Ped Plaza Business Center, Brgy. Ermita,
Balayan, Batangas
2013-2017

Elementary Schola Nazaria Inc.

Ma. Cristina Heights Subdivision, Brgy. Caloocan,
Balayan, Batangas
2007-2013
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WORK EXPERIENCE

DENSO Philippines Corporation

Intern
Calamba City, Laguna
08/2022 - 12/2022

Appen
Transcriptionist
Chatswood, Australia
08/2021 - 04/2022

Course Hero
Tutor
Redwood City, California, United States
06/2021 - 06/2022

Balayan Local Government Unit

MPDC Support Staff
Balayan, Batangas
05/2019 - 07/2019

SEMINARS/TRAININGS ATTENDED

Project Management Fundamentals Certified

February 7, 2023

Certified Lean Six Sigma White Belt

October 12, 2022

12th PIIE-CSC Regional Congress

Participant
Calabarzon, Philippines
February 12, 2022

6th BSIES Congress Webinar

Participant
Batangas, Philippines
April 23-24, 2022
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40-hour Basic Occupational Safety and Health Training

Quezon City, Metro Manila
January 2022

Sibol-PINOY Management Consultancy’s five-hour Webinar Series

Participant
Taguig, Metro Manila
September 11 & 18, 2021

DLSU-IMES IEcon 2021

Participant
Manila, Metro Manila
May 8, 2021

11th PIIE-CSC Regional Congress

Participant
Calabarzon, Philippines
February 7, 2021

DLSU-IMES WebIEcon
Participant
Manila, Metro Manila
August 14-15, 2020

23rd STI National Youth Conference

Participant
Filinvest Tent, Alabang, Muntinlupa City
March 6, 2019

STI Leadership Training Program

Facilitator
Camp Edna, Sta. Ana, Calatagan, Batangas
December 13-15, 2018

STI Leadership Training Program

Participant
STI College Balayan
October 20-22, 2017
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MEMBERSHIP AND AFFILIATION

Junior Philippine Institute of Industrial Engineers – Calabarzon Student Chapter

Assistant Vice President for Activities
10/2022 - Present

Junior Philippine Institute of Industrial Engineers – BatStateU Alangilan

Vice President for Internal Affairs
06/2022 - Present

Junior Philippine Institute of Industrial Engineers – BatStateU Alangilan

Programs and Activities Committee Member
09/2020 - 04/2022

Ang Lipon ng Batang Tagalog (ALIBATA)

President
06/2018 - 04/2019

Society of Youth for Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (SYSTEM)

Public Information Officer
07/2018 - 04/2019

Core Science Academy Council of Leaders

President
07/2015 - 04/2016

CHARACTER REFERENCE

Will be provided upon request

I hereby attest that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge
and belief.

ERWIN BERNARD II A. TALENTO

APPLICANT