1.

Complete the following statement: The transfer of heat by convection will occur
(a) only in metals.
(b) only in a vacuum.
(c) only in non-metallic solids.
(d) with or without the presence of matter.
(e) only in the presence of a liquid or a gas.
2. Which one of the following statements best explains why convection does not occur in solids?
(a) Molecules in a solid are more closely spaced than in a gas.
(b) The molecules in a solid are not free to move throughout the volume of the solid.
(c) Molecules in a solid vibrate at a lower frequency than those in a liquid.
(d) Solids are more compressible than liquids.
(e) Solids are less compressible than gases.
3. Which one of the following is not an example of convection?
(a) Smoke rises above a fire.
(b) An eagle soars on an updraft of wind.
(c) A person gets a suntan on a beach.
(d) Spaghetti is cooked in water.
(e) An electric heater warms a room.
4. Which one of the following processes does not occur during the convective transfer of heat within
a container of air?
(a) The volume of a warmed part of the air is reduced and its density increases.
(b) A continuous flow of warmer and cooler parts of air is established.
(c) The flow of air molecules results in a flow of heat.
(d) The cooler portion of the air surrounding a warmer part exerts a buoyant force on it.
(e) As the warmer part of the air moves, it is replaced by cooler air that is subsequently warmed.
5. At what rate is heat lost through a 1.0 m  1.5 m rectangular glass windowpane that is 0.5 cm thick
when the inside temperature is 20 °C and the outside temperature is 5 °C? The thermal conductivity
for glass is 0.80 W/(m ∙ C°).
(a) 18 W
(b) 36 W
(c) 720 W
(d) 3600 W
(e) 7200 W
6. Two cylindrical steel rods A and B have radii of 0.02 m and 0.04 m, respectively. The two steel rods
conduct the same amount of heat per unit time for the same temperature differences between their
two ends. What is the ratio of the lengths of the rods, LA/LB?
(a) 0.25
(b) 0.50
(c) 1.00
(d) 2.00
(e) 4.00
7. A cabin has a 0.159-m thick wooden floor [k = 0.141 W/(m ∙ C°)] with an area of 13.4 m2. A roaring
fire keeps the interior of the cabin at a comfortable 18.0 °C while the air temperature in the crawl space
below the cabin is −20.6 °C. What is the rate of heat conduction through the wooden floor?
(a) 31 J/s
(b) 138 J/s
(c) 214 J/s
(d) 245 J/s
(e) 459 J/s
8. A granite wall has a thickness of 0.61 m and a thermal conductivity of 2.1 W/(m ∙ C°). The
temperature on one face of the wall is 3.2 °C and 20.0 °C on the opposite face. How much heat is
transferred in one hour through each square meter of the granite wall?
(a) 2.1 × 105 J/m2
(b) 1.0 × 105 J/m2
(c) 7.7 × 104 J/m2
(d) 1.8 × 103 J/m2
(e) 58 J/m2
9. Heat is conducted by two cylindrical rods, one carbon and one silver, with identical cross-sectional area
and length. The temperature difference between the ends of each rod is the same. Carbon has a thermal
conductivity of 1100 J/(s  m  C°) and that of silver is 420 J/(s  m  C°). What percentage of the total
energy transferred by the two rods each second is conducted by the silver rod?
(a) 64 %
(b) 28 %
(c) 50 %
(d) 36 %
(e) 72 %
10. Assume that the sun is a sphere of radius 6.96 x 108 m and that its surface temperature is 5.8 x 103 K.
If the sun radiates at a rate of 3.90 x 1026 W and is a perfect emitter, at what rate is energy emitted per
square meter at the sun's surface?
(a) 5.6 x 107 W/m2
(b) 6.4 x 107 W/m2
(c) 5.6 x 1017 W/m2
(d) 12.8 x 107 W/m2
(e) 25.6 x 107 W/m2
11. A blue supergiant star has a radius of 7.0 x 1010 m. The spherical surface behaves as a blackbody
radiator. If the surface temperature is 2.2 x 104 K, what is the rate at which energy is radiated from
the star?
(a) 1.2 x 10−3 J/s
(b) 7.7 x 1019 J/s
(c) 2.0 x 1023 J/s
(d) 8.2 x 1032 J/s
(e) 1.9 x 1043 J/s
12. Assuming a filament in a 100 W light bulb acts like a perfect blackbody, what is the temperature of the
hottest portion of the filament if it has a surface area of 6.3 x 10−5 m2? The Stefan-Boltzmann constant
is 5.67 x 10−8 W/(m2 ∙ K2).
(a) 130 K
(b) 1100 K
(c) 2300 K
(d) 5800 K
(e) 30 000 K
13. A person steps out of the shower and dries off. The person’s skin with an emissivity of 0.70 has a
total area of 1.2 m2 and a temperature of 33 °C. What is the net rate at which energy is lost to the
room through radiation by the naked person if the room temperature is 24 °C?
(a) 0.041 W
(b) 25 W
(c) 81 W
(d) 67 W
(e) 47 W
14. The power radiated by a distant star is 4.2  1027 W. The radius of the star, which may be considered
a perfect radiator, is 1.06  1010 m. Determine the surface temperature of the star.
(a) 2690 K
(b) 4430 K
(c) 7240 K
(d) 8510 K
(e) 9770 K
15. Object A has an emissivity of 0.95; and its temperature is 25 °C. At what temperature (in degrees
Celsius) does object B, whose emissivity is 0.60, emit radiation at the same rate as object A if both
objects have the same surface area?
(a) 28 °C
(b) 40 °C
(c) 61 °C
(d) 73 °C
(e) 97 °C
16. Complete the following statement: Walls that separate a system from its surroundings and permit heat
to flow through them are called
(a) diathermal walls.
(b) adiabatic walls.
(c) entropic walls.
(d) isobaric walls.
(e) isochoric walls.
17. Brad spends four hours watching football on television and does 1090 J of work. In the process, his
internal energy decreases by 2990 J. Determine the value of Q, including the algebraic sign.
(a) –1900 J
(b) +1900 J
(c) –2990 J
(d) +4080 J
(e) –4080 J
18. An ideal gas absorbs 750 J of heat as it performs 625 J of work. What is the resulting change in
temperature if there are 1.3 moles of the gas in the system?
(a) −8.6 K
(b) −4.3 K
(c) 7.7 K
(d) 9.6 K
 (e) 23 K
19. Which one of the following situations is a direct application of the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics?
(a) Block A has twice the temperature of block B before they are brought into contact. Upon contact,
heat flows from block A to block B.
(b) A sample of gas within a cylinder with a piston is held at constant temperature and pressure while
it is allowed to expand. During this process, the gas absorbs heat from its surroundings.
(c) The motor of a refrigerator uses electric energy to remove heat from inside the refrigerator and
transfer it to the room.
(d) A physicist removes energy from a system in her laboratory until it reaches a temperature of
3  10−10 K, a temperature very close to (but still greater than) absolute zero.
(e) A thermometer is calibrated by placing it in an ice water bath within an adiabatic container until
the thermometer is in thermal equilibrium with the ice water.
20. Complete the following statement: The first law of thermodynamics states that
(a) heat is a form of energy.
(b) entropy is a function of state.
(c) the entropy of the universe is increasing.
(d) the change in the internal energy of a system is given by Q − W.
(e) no engine can be more efficient than a Carnot engine operating between the same two
temperatures.