Question Bank Subject: SHWM

Q.1 What are the different characteristics of hazardous Waste?

• Hazardous wastes are the wastes that may cause adverse health effects on the
ecosystem and human beings.
• These are the waste which are non-degradable, can be biologically magnified and
highly toxic
• Characteristics of Hazardous Waste are As Follows: -
o Ignitability (D001)
o Corrosivity (D002)
o Reactivity (D003)
o Toxicity (D004)

• Ignitability (D001): -
waste is an ignitable hazardous waste, if it has a flash point of less than 60C.
readily catches fire and burns so vigorously.
e.g. Naphtha, lacquer thinner, epoxy resins, adhesives and oil.

• Corrosivity (D002): -
A liquid waste which has a pH of less than or equal to 2 or greater than or equal to
12.5 is considered to be a corrosive hazardous waste.
e.g. HCL, NaOH

• Reactivity (D003): -
A material is considered a reactive hazardous waste, if it is unstable, reacts violently
with water.
It generates toxic gases when exposed to water.
e.g. Gun Powder, Sodium

• Toxicity (D004): -
wastes that are likely to leach dangerous concentrations of toxic chemicals into
ground water.
To determine toxic hazardous waste the material must be subjected to a tested in a
certified laboratory.
Q.2 Explain Hazardous Waste Management Rules 2016.
• These rules may be called the Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and
Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016.
• There are Total 6 Chapters, 8 Schedules and 12 Forms in this Rule

• Chapters
o Chapter 1 PRELIMINARY: -
▪ It Consist of Titles and Application of Hazardous and Other Wastes
(Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016

o Chapter 2 PROCEDURE FOR MANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS AND OTHER WASTES:

▪ It Consist of Responsibility of occupier and state govt. for management of
hazardous and other wastes.
▪ Also Consist of Standard operating Procedure, Utilisation of hazardous and
other waste, Storage of hazardous and other wastes

o Chapter 3 IMPORT AND EXPORT OF HAZARDOUS AND OTHER WASTES

▪ It Consist of transboundary movement, Strategy for Import and export,
Procedure for import and export, Illegal traffic of hazardous and other
wastes from India
o Chapter 4 TREATMENT, STORAGE AND DISPOSAL FACILITY
▪ It consists of Treatment, storage and disposal facility for hazardous and
other wastes
o Chapter 5 PACKAGING, LABELLING, AND TRANSPORT
▪ It Consist of Handling, Transportation, Packaging and Labelling of hazardous
and other wastes.
▪ Also, it consists of Manifest system (Movement Document) for hazardous
and other waste
o Chapter 6 MISCELLANIOUS
▪ It Consist of Records and returns, Responsibility of authorities, Accident
reporting, Appeal for hazardous and other wastes
• Schedule
o Schedule 1: -
▪ It consists of List of processes generating hazardous wastes.
▪ E.g. Crude oil and natural gas production, Petrochemical Process etc.

o Schedule 2: -
▪ It consists of List of waste constituents with concentration limits based on
toxicity characteristics, TTLC, hazardous characteristics,

o Schedule 3: -
▪ It consists of List of hazardous wastes applicable for import and export

o Schedule 4: -
▪ It consists of List of commonly recyclable hazardous wastes
▪ E.g. Brass dross, copper dross, zinc dross etc.
 o Schedule 5: -
▪ It consists of Specification of Used Oil Suitable for recycling and Specification
of fuel derived from waste oil.
o Schedule 6: -
▪ It consists of Hazardous and Other wastes prohibited for import.
o Schedule 7: -
▪ It consists List of authorities and corresponding duties like Responsibility of
MOEFCC, Responsibility of CPCB, Responsibility of State Govt. etc.

• Forms
o Form 1: -
▪ It is the Application required for grant/renewal of authorisation for
generation or collection or storage or transport or recycling or reuse or
recovery or treatment or disposal of hazardous and other waste
o Form 2: -
▪ It is the form for grant or renewal of authorisation by state pollution control
board to the occupiers, recyclers, reprocessors, reusers
o Form 3: -
▪ It is the format for maintaining records of hazardous and other wastes.
o Form 4: -
▪ It is the form for filing annual returns
o Form 5: -
▪ It is the application for import or export of hazardous and other waste for
reuse or recycling or recovery
o Form 6: -
▪ It is the form for Transboundary movement- movement document
o Form 7: -
▪ It is the Application form for one-time authorisation of traders
o Form 8: -
▪ It is the form Labelling of containers of hazardous and other waste.
o Form 9: -
▪ It is used for transport emergency card
o Form 10: -
▪ Manifest for hazardous and other waste
o Form 11: -
▪ Format for reporting accident
o Form 12: -
▪ Application for filing appeal against the order passed by state pollution
control board
Q.5 What is Leachate? How it is formed? How its movement is controlled?
What is Leachate?
• Leachate may be defined as liquid that has percolated through solid waste and has
extracted dissolved or suspended materials from it.
• In most landfills, the liquid portion of the leachate is composed of the liquid produced
from the decomposition of wastes and liquid that has entered the landfill from external
sources

How it is formed?

• The following biological, physical and chemical events occur when solid waste is
placed in a sanitary landfill:

o Biological decay of organic materials, either aerobically or anaerobically with

the evolution of gases and liquids.
o Chemical oxidation of waste materials
o Escape of gases from landfills
o Movement of liquid caused by differential heads
o Dissolving and leaching of organic and inorganic by water and leachate moving
through the fills.
o Movement of dissolved material by concentration gradients and osmosis.

How its movement is controlled?

• The alternatives to be considered for leachate management are

Discharge to Lined Drains

Discharge to

Waste Water Treatment System

Recirculation

Evaporation of Leachate

Treatment of Leachate
Q.6 What is Landfill? Explain the types of Landfill with neat sketches
• An engineered landfill is a controlled method of waste disposal.
• The objective of a landfill facility is to contain the waste in a manner that is protective to
human health and the environment.
• Landfills perform by controlling and managing the movements of fluids.
• Landfills are engineered facilities for the disposal of
o Municipal Solid Waste
o Hazardous Waste

• Types of Landfill based on topography

o Area landfill
o Trench landfill
o Slope landfill
o Valley Landfill

• Area Landfill: -
o Landfill progresses with little or no excavation.
o Used in areas with high ground water

• Trench landfill: -
o Waste filled in series
o Used for small waste quantities.
 • Slope Landfill: -
o In some places, places, it is not possible to find flat ground for landfills. In such cases
slope landfills have to be adopted.

• Valley Landfill: -
o Waste is filled between the hills or rolling terrain.
o Control of surface drainage is often a critical factor.

Q. 8 Explain the term colour coding used in relation to the Biomedical Waste.