Technological Institute of the Philippines

938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City

College of Engineering and Architecture

Department of Architecture

An Assessment of the Significance of Passive Design Strategies in the Motivation and Productivity of TIP 4 th Year
Architecture Students

2nd Semester, S.Y. 2021 - 2022

Submitted by:

Kintanar, Jennifer

Laron, Abegail L.

ARCH42S5

Submitted to:

Ar. Frances Francisco

Instructor

March 2022
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Passive design is a design strategy in architecture that operates with the local climate to sustain the
structure at a suitable temperature. Passive design strategy is beneficial to reduce the needs for heating or
cooling, and it usually engages inhabitants to work efficiently. The use of this passive design strategy is often
involved in the effectiveness and engagement in the campus, particularly in the virtual learning.
On the other hand, the closure of the institution and the shift to online education affect the motivation
and productivity of the TIP 4th year architecture students. There is a lack of infrastructures to support the learning
and social support from the lecturers and peers (Tan, 2020). With this, the researchers identify an architectural
solution -- the passive design techniques -- as a tool to address the motivation and productivity of the TIP 4th
year architecture students in the current online setting.
The research aims to know the significance of the application of the passive design strategies such as
the spatial planning, building orientation, daylighting, and natural ventilation in the motivation and productivity of
TIP 4th year architecture students. The rotation, thermal transfer, insulation, and transparency essentially interact
together and enhance natural sources of heating and cooling, like daylight, as well as, airflow, yet reducing
undesirable temperature absorption and transmission for the comfort, productivity, and motivation of the college
students experiencing and adopting the new normal set up in this pandemic.

Statement of the Problem

The purpose of this study intends to determine the significance of passive design strategies to improve
the motivation and productivity of the 4th year architecture students in TIP. This study will answer the following
questions:
1. What passive design strategy is the most significant in the motivation and productivity of TIP 4th year
architecture students?
2. What passive design strategy is the least significant in the motivation and productivity of TIP 4th year
architecture students?

Objectives of the Study

● To know the significance in using and adopting passive design strategies.
● To know the most effective passive design strategy.
● To find out how students feel towards employing methods as well as how productive and motivated they
are.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

The focus of this research is to determine the impact of passive design techniques which are limited to
the spatial planning, building orientation, daylighting, and natural ventilation on architecture students' motivation
and productivity. Since we are implementing a virtual learning environment, this study will be focusing upon
references and answers in order to evaluate the influence of students' experience, which might affect both
aspects, such as learners, and the passive design of its workspace use throughout the adoption of this new
normal setting. This concept includes knowledge presented to architecture students who are using passive
design strategies to become even more focused and efficient.

Definition of Terms
1. Passive Design Strategy - is a technique in building design that maximizes the use of heat energy from
solar radiation
2. Spatial Planning - is an architectural process of determining the purpose, function, and physical use of
space in designing a structure
3. Building Orientation - is the placement of the building or structure on a site with respect to the sun path,
as well as the position of the doors, windows, and other features
4. Daylighting - is a design strategy to control the use and admission of natural light in the building to save
energy and reduce the use of electric lighting
5. Natural Ventilation - is the use of outdoor air and buoyancy in the building to reduce the use of
mechanical systems

Assumptions
The research study is based on the assumption that the participants should fairly complete the
questionnaire given by the researchers so the information gained by researchers will all be accurate and reliable
since the topic is related to the respondents' answers to the provided questions.

Importance of the Study

This study was conducted to provide the knowledge and understanding of the topic: An Assessment of
the Significance of Passive Design Strategies on the Motivation and Productivity of TIP Architecture Students.
The findings of this study will redound to the benefits of the following:
1. Researchers - This study will serve as the basis for the future researchers to conduct more research
related to this since this study will identify in which passive design strategies will be the most significant
on the motivation and productivity of TIP architecture students.

2. Architects - This study will give knowledge and serve as a design consideration to the architects in
planning and designing a building, especially, campus planning in which passive design strategy is
beneficial for architecture students.

3. Architecture Students - This study will help the architecture students to be motivated and more
productive in a building with an integration of an effective passive design strategy.
 CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Review of Related Literature

According to Nishta Chopra, any use of passive design allows the user to take advantage of the
atmosphere to preserve a comfortable temperature in one's home. Combining passive and active design
strategies, a building's thermal efficiency can be improved. Effective strategy includes heating systems, whereas
passive strategies incorporate orientation of the building, ongoing absorption, natural light, and ventilation.
Passive design solutions that are well-thought-out can reduce a building's energy use as well as undesirable heat
loss and gain. The focus with this study's review of related literature has been on determining the effects of
passive design principles on TIP architecture students' motivation and performance.

The whole research would also discuss what environmental factors actually affect architecture students'
motivation and productivity prevailing architectural style, whatever increased temperature regarding thermal
environment is indeed a significant concern, as heat is transferred through the use of poor passive design, which
affects overall rising of surface temperatures. This work provided ideas for improving its existing passive design.
Its objective is to keep the interior temperature within a comfortable zone by decreasing or stabilizing it. It
focuses on reducing energy gain through hue and top inclination, as well as releasing heat out from structure to
the outdoors via air circulation or openings. This section presented both foreign and local literature that is
relevant to this topic.

Passive design is an architectural design strategy that maximizes the use of natural sources to create
comfortable conditions inside buildings (Passive Building Design, 2020). Climate and comfort are the two
important factors to consider in order for the passive design to be significant and effective. It takes advantage of
the natural energy flows to preserve thermal comfort and the proper usage of building orientation, building
materials, and landscaping (H. Altan, et. al., 2016, p. 210).

The introduction of passive strategies into the design process entails various considerations throughout all
stages of the design process. This integration's focus is to create and maintain high-efficiency thermal comfort or
natural lighting. The efficiency of a passive system is usually determined by natural and environmental factors
such as the sun, wind, earth, and water. As a result, it's crucial to research and assess how passive systems
interact with natural factors and how they relate to a construction site.(Ahmed A.Y. Freewan, 2019).

Studies have recognized a range of passive design strategies to lower the cooling impact of buildings in hot and
humid climates. These strategies can be classified based on how they address various areas of building
environmental design, such as the envelope, microclimate, ventilation, daylighting, orientation, thermal insulation,
shading, and construction materials. Miyazaki and Yamamoto used simulation to investigate the impact of
thermal insulation, such as exterior wall and window glass, on reducing cooling energy use in Cambodian
homes. The simulation resulted in positive thermal insulation effects. (Keiko et al., 2021). Passive design works
to prevent heating forms entering the building on warm days and allowing cold air in from the outside whenever
the temp drops (Natural ventilation: cross ventilation, 2014). Abilities provide a substantial amount of energy,
contributing for over 40% of total national energy usage, while Australian structures spend up between one of all
energy for air cooling (Cooling demand management, 2014).

In a study by Rahman and Tuhi (2019), daylight in classrooms has an essential effect on the learning
environment of the students. Incorporating daylight into campus planning will be significant not only to cut
operating costs but also to improve the student’s vision, perception, health, comfort, and productivity. However,
due to the pandemic, the students' efficiency was affected. According to the study of Meeter et. al., (n. d.), this
pandemic situation reduced the motivation of the students affecting their time spent on their studies but is shown
to be efficient during online education due to a lot of time spent at home. The decline in motivation is more likely
due to the less online education facilities and a lack of interaction with other people which became a factor for
dissatisfaction in online learning by the students. The built environment, which are the lighting, acoustics,
temperature, and color are also a direct influence on the undergraduate students' perception about their
experience in college (Lopez del Puerto, 2015). Aside from that, the productivity of the students were affected by
environmental factors such as physical comfort, space layouts, psychological factors, and visual factors. These
factors are significant in the improvement of the quality of learning and increase of interest in attending learning
environments (Azemati et. al., 2018).

Smart design ideas may help you develop aesthetically compelling areas that are also effective and efficient for
students and employees, all while increasing the development's long-term viability. These design ideas, which
are especially implemented to increase student and staff efficiency while conserving resources, can benefit any
academic facility. Sustainable productive environments can be achieved by lowering the building's footprint
through space-utilization strategies, using long-lasting and flexible materials for future use, and providing
energy-efficient lighting and utility options (Denny, 2017).

According to Climate CoLab, although designers do not really achieve the complete passive design vision upon
each structure, using the passive design method to the utmost extent possible will reduce building energy
consumption. By capturing desired site-specific forms of energy and providing protection from unwanted forms of
energy, building shape, orientation, and composition can increase occupant comfort. Before we even consider
mechanical systems, we may considerably minimize building energy requirements by effectively applying passive
design concepts.
Conceptual Framework

The motivation and productivity of TIP college students are affected by the current pandemic situation,
due to that, passive design strategies are seen as an architectural solution such as the spatial plan, building
orientation, daylighting, and natural ventilation to yield a positive impact on their motivation and productivity. The
significance of these variables will be done in a survey method and determined by analyzing the highest
percentage score of the survey.

Hypothesis
The researcher’s hypothesis in this study are the following:
1. Passive design strategies are significant in the motivation and productivity of TIP architecture students.
2. Daylighting and natural ventilation, are the passive design strategies, are more significant in the
motivation and productivity of TIP architecture students.
 CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
Research Design
This study used a mixed method research in order to have a more comprehensive analysis of the
significance of various passive design strategies in the motivation and productivity of TIP 4th year students.
Qualitative research will be used to know the factors of motivation and productivity of TIP 4th year students
through the use of passive design strategies. Quantitative research will be used in finding the highest percentage
score from the passive design strategies which are the spatial plan, building orientation, daylighting, and natural
ventilation as the most significant passive design strategy in the motivation and productivity of TIP 4th year
students.

Sources of Data
This study will conduct an online survey that will be distributed to the TIP 4th year students through
email. The researchers will obtain its primary data on the answered questionnaires by the students and the
secondary sources of data are obtained from books, articles, unpublished thesis, and internet.

Methodology
Through this research, the researchers conducted a survey method to address the question regarding
the passive design strategy to motivate and improve the learning environment to become more productive. The
purpose of this study is to understand the experience of the participants point of view. The focus is on the
respondents perspective of their situation which would be answered based on their experience.

Description of Instruments to be Used

The researchers will use Google Forms to create an online survey that will be conducted online in this
study. The questionnaire consists of a set of questions that will be distributed to TIP 4th year architecture students
through email in order to collect information and knowledge. The subject revolves around passive design
techniques that could improve TIP 4th year architecture students in their motivation and productivity during virtual
courses.

Data Gathering Procedures

Researchers used a survey method to collect information from TIP 4th year architecture students.To
conduct this type of research, the researchers used Google Forms to create the online survey. The researchers
used this approach to collect data in order to identify more about the perspectives of TIP 4th year architecture
students who are taking their course through technology, which also encourages all participants to engage, as it
is more accessible to answer since it is an online questionnaire.
Research Timetable
The initial research topic proposal and selection was conducted in the fourth week of the month of
February followed by the beginning of the first chapter of the research. The writing of the literature review was
followed by the initial writing of methodology and will be consecutively followed by the collection of primary data.
The analysis of the data and the conclusion of the research will be conducted after the collection of data. The
final research paper submission will be submitted on March 09, 2022.

Bibliography
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Passive Design Strategies For Today's Architecture - BlARROW
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