DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this research project titled “Isolation and Screening of Fungi for

Pectinase Production Ability from Deteriorating Banana peel (Manihot esculenta)”

is my work and has not been submitted by any other person for any degree or

qualification at any higher institution. I also declare that the information provided therein

are mine and those that are not my own are properly acknowledged.

KERIMAT ADURAGBEMI AYANKOLA _______________________

Name of Student Signature and Date

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 CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that the research project titled “Isolation and Screening of Fungi for

Pectinase Production Ability from Deteriorating Banana peel (Manihot esculenta)”

was carried out by KERIMAT ADURAGBEMI AYANKOLA. The project has been read

and approved as meeting the requirements for the award of Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.)

Degree in the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kwara

state University, Malete.

.……………………………............ …………………………

Mrs S. A. ABDULMUMINI Date

Supervisor

.……………………………............ …………………………

Prof. S. Awe Date

Head of Department

.……………………………............ …………………………

External Examiner Date

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 DEDICATION

I am glad to dedicate this project research to almighty God for his infinite mercy

throughout the course of this research work.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Firstly, I owe a great deal of thanks and praise to Almighty God, my creator and the giver

of wisdom, who always grants me success in every of my endeavors and who had been

my guidance and protector from the beginning of my academic program as well as the

research to this present moment.

With profound gratitude, I will like to express my appreciation to my Supervisor, Mrs S.

A. ABDULMUMINI who out of her busy Schedule took her time to inspire, guide, and

correct me at every stage of this project work, and also patiently and meticulously

reading through my work.

Special thanks go to my Parent, Mr and Mrs Ayankola for her support morally,

financially and spiritually so as for me to actualize my dream. I pray almighty God be

with them.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Pages

TITLE PAGE

DECLARATION i

CERTIFICATION ii

DEDICATION iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS v

LIST OF FIGURES ix

LIST OF PLATES x

LIST OF TABLES xi

ABSTRACT xii

CHAPTER ONE 1

1.0 Introduction 1

1.1 Statement of the Research Problem 2

1.2. Justification for the Study 3

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1.3 Aim of the Study 3

1.4 Objectives of the Study 3

CHAPTER TWO 4

2.0 Literature Review 4

2.1 Pectinase 4

2.2 Classification of Pectinase 5

2.2.1. Pectin Methylesterases 5

2.2.2. Polygalacturonase 6

2.3 Substrate for Enzyme Pectinase 8

2.4 Microorganism for Pectinase Production 13

2.4.1 Pectinolytic Fungi 13

2.4.2 Pectinolytic Yeast 14

2.4.3 Pectinolytic Bacteria 15

2.5 Factor Affecting Pectinase Enzyme Production 16

2.5.1 Effect on pH on Pectinase Production 17

2.5.2 Effect on temperature on Pectinase Production 18

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2.5.3 Effect on fermentation times on Pectinase Production 19

2.5.4 Effect on substrate concentration on Pectinase Production 19

2.6 Industrial Application of Microbial Pectinase 20

2.6.1 Textile Processing 21

2.6.2 Fruits and Vegetable Processing 21

2.6.3 Wine Processing

23

2.6.4 Coffee and Tea Fermentation 24

2.6.5 Oil Extraction 25

2.6.6 Paper and Pulp Industries 25

2.6.7 Recycling of Waste Paper 26

2.6.8 Wastewater Treatment 26

CHAPTER THREE 28

3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS 28

3.1. Collection of Sample 28

3.2 Preparation and Sterilization of Media 28

3.2 Substrate Preparation 28

3.4. Isolation of Fungi 28

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3.5. Qualitative Screening of Fungal Isolates for Pectinase Production 29

3.6. Characterization and Identification of Fungal Isolates 29

CHAPTER FOUR 30

4.0 Result 30

4.1 Isolation of Fungi 31

4.2 Characteristics and Identification of Isolated Fungus 32

4.3 Screening of Isolated Fungus 33

CHAPTER FIVE 36

5.0 Discussion 37

5.1 Conclusion 37

5.2 Recommendations 38

REFERENCES 38

APPENDIX

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Figures Titles Pages

Figure 1 Structure of Pectin and its functional group 7

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 LIST OF PLATES

Plate 1 Pectinolytic ability of Aspergilus spp as measured in zones of clearance

Plate 2 Photomicrograph of Aspergillus spp

Plate 3 ABBG1 on PDA

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 LIST OF TABLES

Tables Titles Pages

Table 1 Substrates used for Pectinolytic enzymes production by bacterial 9

Species

Table 2 Substrates used for Pectinolytic enzymes production by fungal 10

Species

Table 3 Percentage of pectin in some vegetables and fruit 11

Table 4 Morphological characteristics and identification of isolated fungal 31

Table 5 Pectinase production by isolates and zone of clearance size 32

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 ABSTRACT

Pectinase is the one of most important enzyme which is used in food industry such as fruit and vegetable
juice extraction, oil extraction and fermentation of coffee, cocoa and tea. Pectinase can be produced by
microorganism such as bacteria and fungi. Fungi are known as potent producer of pectinase. This research
was conducted to isolate and screen and identify pectinolytic fungi from rotten banana fruit peels. This
research succeeded to isolate 1 fungal isolate from rotten banana peels. The isolates were screened in
pectinolytic activities based on clear zone formation on pectin screening agar medium which is flooded by
potassium iodide. The screening result showed that fungal isolate produced no clear zone. Based on
morphological characters, pectinolytic fungi were identified as Aspergillus sp.

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