Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIAL?
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Remember to:
● Work through all the information sheets and complete
the activities in each section.
● Read IS and complete SC. Suggested references are
included to supplement the materials provided in this
module.
Note:
Training is the sole purpose of this learning materials. Some pictures are
taken
from google as references.
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LIST OF COMPETENCIES
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
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MODULE CONTENT
Module Descriptor :
This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes to identify the efficiency
and effectiveness of resource utilization, determine causes of inefficiency and/or
ineffectiveness of resource utilization and convey in efficient and ineffective
environmental practices. This module covers materials to use such as Information
Sheets, Self-Checks, Task Sheets and Performance Criteria Checklists.
Learning Outcomes:
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DETAILS OF LEARNING OUTCOME
CONDITION:
Student/ trainee must be provided with the following:
Tools Equipment Materials/ Supplies
Projector CBLM
Laptop
METHODOLOGIES
ASSESSMENT METHOD
Written Test
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LEARNING EXPERIENCES
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7. Read INFORMATION Read and understand the information
SHEET 8.1-4 on How to go sheet. After reading, answer the self-
green at work check to determine your learning.
8. AnswerOutcome
Learning SELF-CHECK 8.1-
1: Identify Refer your answers to the answer key
Problem
4 on How to go green at 8.1- 4 for self-check. You are required to
Learning Activities
work Specific
get ALL answers Instructions
correct. If not, read the
information sheet again to answer all
1. Read INFORMATION Read and understand the information
questions correctly.
SHEET 8.1-1 in sheet. After reading, answer the self-check
Importance of to determine your learning.
Environmental Literacy
2. Answer SELF-CHECK 8.1- Refer your answers to the answer key 8.1-
1 on 1 for self-check. You are required to get
Importance of ALL answers correct. If not, read the
Environmental Literacy information sheet again to answer all
questions correctly.
4. Answer SELF-CHECK 8.1- Refer your answers to the answer key 8.1-
2 on Process of 2 for self-check. You are required to get
minimizing waste ALL answers correct. If not, read the
information sheet again to answer all
questions correctly.
5. Read INFORMATION Read and understand the information
SHEET 8.1-3 on Energy sheet. After reading, answer the self-check
Efficiency to determine your learning.
6. Answer SELF-CHECK 8.1- Refer your answers to the answer key 8.1-
3 on Energy Efficiency 3 for self-check. You are required to get
ALL answers correct. If not, read the
information sheet again to answer all
questions correctly.
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INFORMATION SHEET 8.1-1
Importance of Environmental Literacy
Learning Objective:
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It is environmental education
which can best help us as individuals make the complex, conceptual
connections between economic prosperity, benefits to society, environmental
health, and our own well-being.
Ultimately, the collective wisdom of our citizens, gained through education, will be the
most compelling and most successful strategy for environmental management.
Yet studies consistently reveal that the U.S. public suffers from a tremendous
environmental literacy gap that appears to be increasing rather than decreasing. For
example, two-thirds of the public fail even a basic environmental quiz and a whopping
88 percent of the public fail a basic energy quiz.
These same studies found that 45 million Americans think the ocean is a source of
fresh water and 130 million believe that hydro power is America's top energy source.
In our schools, research has shown enormous benefits from environmental education.
When integrated into a science curriculum, environmental education demonstrably improves
student achievement in science. Such an increase is likely due to the fact that
environmental education connects classroom learning to the real world.
Students, when given a choice, will gravitate towards environmental science. Science fair
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administrators note that 40 percent of all science fair projects relate directly to the
environment, and the Corporation for National and Community Service reports that more than
50 percent of the service- learning programs they fund are focused on the environment.
The relative lack of environmental education in the U.S is one leading cause for
why our students’ performance in science compared to other countries does not meet
our expectations (see The Influence of Environmental Education on U.S.
Performance in TIMSS vs. NAEP).
Even more importantly for many, environmental education employs and enhances
critical thinking and basic life skills. The National Science Board of the National Science
Foundation confirmed the importance of environmental education to student learning in their
2000 report, Environmental Science and Engineering for the 21st Century:
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these skills using a systems approach changes should be made in the formal
educational system to help all students, educators, and educational
administrators learn about the environment, the economy, and social equity as
they relate to all academic disciplines and their daily lives."
Environmental education provides critical tools for a 21st century workforce Black water
Wildlife Refuge Photo courtesy David Oman The vast majority of Americans are convinced that
the environment will become at least one of the dominant issues and challenges of the 21st
century, as the growing needs of the growing global population increasingly presses up against
the limits of the earth’s resources and ecosystems.
At the same time, business leaders increasingly believe that an environmentally literate
workforce is critical to their long-term success and profitability, with better environmental
practices and improved efficiencies impacting positively on the bottom line while helping to
better position and prepare their companies for the future.
Charles O. Holiday, Jr., Chairman and CEO of DuPont, speaks for a growing number of
his peers in declaring that: "an environmentally sustainable business is just good business,
given the growing concern for environmental problems across America.
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A recent study found that children today spend an average of 6 hours each day in front
of the computer and TV but less than 4 minutes a day in unstructured outdoor play, leading
researchers to discover a new condition specific to this current generation that they have called
"nature deficit disorder".
This extreme emphasis of indoor time spent in front of screens versus outdoor play and
discovery has been correlated with negative psychological and physical effects including
obesity, loneliness, depression, attention problems and greater social isolation due to
reduced time with friends and family.
What do increase study of science and nature and its increased outdoor time
accomplish? Especially in the very young, it has proved in studies extremely beneficial for
cognitive functioning, reduced symptoms of attention deficit disorder.
SELF-CHECK 8.1-1
Importance of Environmental Literacy
A. SHORT ESSAY.
Direction: Read the questions carefully and answer intelligently. Write the answer on
your answer sheet.
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ANSWER KEY 8.1-1
Importance of Environmental Literacy
A . SHORT ESSAY
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management.
2. What do increase study of science and nature and its increased outdoor
time accomplish?
Especially in the very young, it has proved in studies extremely beneficial for
cognitive functioning, reduced symptoms of attention deficit disorder.
Learning Objective:
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What is the Process of Minimizing Waste?
Waste minimization entails limiting the amount of waste that is generated thereby helping to
eliminate the production of persistent and harmful wastes effectively supporting efforts that
promote a society that is sustainable. Thus, waste minimization involves a change of societal
patterns that relate to production and consumption as well as redesigning products to
eliminate the generation of waste.
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While it is obvious that waste minimization supports sound business
and economic practices in addition to protecting the environment, other
benefits include the following:
Improved product quality – New technological practices and innovation will not only
reduce generation of waste but also contribute to improved input quality that
translates to improved products.
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that there is no waste or no material is sitting on the site for long periods that it
is damaged.
Reuse
Recycle
Optimization of resources
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In order to reduce the quantity
of waste that is produced
by individuals or organizations
calls for the optimization of raw
materials used in production.
For instance, a dressmaker
will do well to arrange the
pieces of pattern in a certain
way along the length of the fabric
to use a small portion of the fabric.
to the initial production line and in the manufacturing of off cuts, plastic items so
that scrap is re-incorporated in the new commodities.
Exchange of Waste
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Exchange of waste is another means
of minimizing waste disposal volumes
especially for waste that may not be eliminated.
Zero waste
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Households can practice waste minimization by employing various techniques. One of the ways
to achieve this is through purchasing adequate sizes and amounts of food.
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volumes. Consumers may also shun
products without eco-labeling.
While at it, it is important to ensure you work with the concerned authorities that
include local councils, regional waste authorities, landfill operator or waste recycling
contractors. Some of the construction materials that may be recycled include steel, aluminum,
gypsum plasterboard, timber, concrete, glass, carpet, plastics as well as bricks and tiles.
It is important to put in place waste minimization strategies that have been agreed upon
by both the parties. A team approach is highly effective in reducing waste.
SELF-CHECK 8.1-2
Process of Minimizing Waste
A. MULTIPLE CHOICES
Direction: Read the questions carefully and answer intelligently. Write the answer on your
answer sheet.
1. This systems approach is designed to eliminate waste from the source as well as at
every point of the supply chain to ensure that no waste is produced.
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1. Optimization of resources
2. Scrap metal reuse
3. Exchange of waste
4. Zero waste
2. Using left over resources or those resources that have reached the end of their life
minimizes the need for new materials as well as lowers the volume that ends up in landfills.
a. Zero waste
b. Recycle
c. Reduce
d. Reuse
3. It entails limiting the amount of waste that is generated thereby helping to eliminate
the production of persistent and harmful wastes effectively supporting efforts that promote a
society that is sustainable.
a. Waste minimization
b. Scrap metal reuse
c. Exchange of waste
d. Zero waste
4. It is a minimization technique where, the waste products from one process are used as
raw materials for other processes.
a. Optimization of resources
b. Scrap metal reuses
c. Exchange of waste
d. Zero waste
5. Any operation by which products or components that are not waste are used again for
the same purpose for which they were conceived.
a. Recycle of waste
b. Reuse of waste
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c. Reduce of waste
d. Zero waste
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. D
2. B
3. A
4. C
5. B
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INFORMATION SHEET 8.1-3
Energy Efficiency
Learning Objectives:
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Why conserve energy in the first place?
Energy conservation is important and beneficial for many reasons. You can
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save money, increase your property value, and protect the environment all
through simple energy-saving measures.
These are great benefits you can gain from saving energy no matter your exact
motivation for conservation in the first place. By simply taking a small step towards living a
more energy-conscious lifestyle, you can begin to enjoy all of the perks of being energy efficient.
Something is more energy efficient if it lasts longer or works better than a traditional
version of the same appliance, but uses the same amount of energy. Or even if it delivers the
same performance as the traditional version, but uses less energy.
The term energy efficiency can also be used in a wider sense. Instead of focusing on the
energy efficiency of a single item (such as an appliance), we can also look at the energy
efficiency of whole buildings.
If two buildings are supplied with the same amount of energy to create heat, the building
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that can generate and retain the most heat – rather than only creating a little heat and then
losing it – is the more energy-efficient building.
Energy conservation simply means using less energy, or even none at all.
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Energy efficiency is playing an increasingly vital role in our lives, for three
main reasons:
The environment
The economy
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If you want to know how to be more
energy efficient, the first place to
start is to make sure your home and
all your electrical appliances work as
efficiently as possible. It isn’t energy
efficient to throw out all your old products
and replace them with new, energy-saving
items; instead, wait until they wear out
and then replace them. Here are
few ideas to get you started:
Rechargeable batteries can also be a good choice. Just make sure you get top-quality
ones that will last and hold their charge. You could also invest in a ‘smart charger’ that can
prevent your batteries from overcharging.
If you want to make your laptop more energy efficient, you can get an Eco button. It
plugs into a USB port, and flashes to remind you to press if you decide to stop using
your computer for a while. It can then put your computer into its most efficient energy-saving
mode. When you log on again, you can see on screen how much money and CO2 you’ve saved.
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More than 150 varieties of LED bulbs—the most efficient lighting choice—are on the
market. They use up to 90 percent less energy than older, incandescent bulbs, allowing you
to save up to $100 on energy bills over a bulb’s lifetime.
Widespread use of efficient appliances, electronics, equipment and lighting, along with
better insulation and other weatherization, could cut 550 million metric tons of carbon
pollution a year by 2050—equal to the electric power emissions produced by Texas, New York,
Florida, Illinois, Virginia, and California in 2016.
More than 2.2 million Americans have jobs in energy efficiency or clean energy
production. That’s more
than five times the jobs in the dirty
energy industries, including coal, gas,
and oil. In fact, about one in every six
construction jobs in the country is
connected to energy efficiency.
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Lowering Bills
Improving Lives
When power plants burn coal, oil, and natural gas, they release tiny particles into the air
we breathe; these particles are linked to asthma, heart attacks, and lung cancer. Inside a
home, inefficient ventilation and weatherization can also contribute to respiratory illnesses.
Energy efficiency can even improve the comfort of everyday life, which may not be factored
into benefit statistics.
Strengthening Independence
On a larger scale, energy efficiency can improve energy security, creating a more
resilient power grid and making the country less dependent on foreign sources of fossil fuels.
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SELF-CHECK 8.1-3
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ANSWER KEY 8.1-3
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INFORMATION SHEET 8.1-4
Learning Objectives:
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Tell them about the research that shows a happier workplace is more
productive and creative, with less absenteeism. Encourage them to
take this further by considering how to bring sustainable happiness
into the work environment. Find the information, show by doing, and
create the momentum, all just because you care.
Turn off your computer whenever you’re not using it, especially
when leaving work. And note that it isn't true that turning your
computer on and off will wear it out.
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7. Reduce energy usage. Along with reducing the energy usage of
your computer and peripherals,
there are several broader ways
To reduce energy usage in
the workplace:
b. Turn lights off when nobody is using a space. Where the lighting
controls are on automatic override, talk to building management
about having the settings changed to only use sufficient lighting for
security and safety purposes, rather than over-lighting the whole
building. Request motion sensing light switches, to turn off unused
lights automatically.
c. During cold weather, keep blinds open to let the warmth in; during
warm weather, keep blinds pulled to close out the heat of the
summer sun.
d. Keep windows and vents clear of obstructions, to allow the free flow
of air.
f. Get an Energy Star qualified water cooler. These use half the energy
as standard units.
g. Turn off projectors and screens in conference rooms when not in
use.
8. Maintain healthy airflow. It is already bad enough that you
have to worry about air pollution
every time you walk outside, but
it is also a big priority when you
work inside. If you work in an office,
cubicle, or workshop, it's likely that
you're spending most of your time indoors.
b. Open your windows to increase air flow. If you can't open windows,
be sure to take outdoor breaks throughout the day.
9. Green your desk, cubicle, office... literally. Get a plant and place
it on or near your desk. Better
yet, buy plants for all of your
neighbors. They will not only see
this as a friendly gesture, but
they’ll also have cleaner air to
breathe. Plants absorb indoor air
pollution and increase the flow of
oxygen, so get a green accessory to
complement your desk. Check out wiki How's article on
how to choose a good office plant.
10. Recycle. There are many items in your office that you can
recycle. If you do not have a
recycling station at work, start
one on your own. You can get a
few bins and post recycling
guidelines above them. Some
of them may include recycling:
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11. Eat green and healthy. Everyone looks forward to their lunch
break. You can save a good
Amount of money (about
$3,000 a year) by not going
out to eat every day and instead
packing your lunch. Follow these
lunch tips to have healthier, greener
eating habits:
b. If you bring your lunch in a paper or plastic bag, recycle it. Plastic
bags can be washed and left standing upside down overnight to dry.
e. Drink from the fountain instead of bringing water bottles. You can
bring your own durable, reusable water bottle for constant refills.
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SELF-CHECK 8.1-4
How to go green at work
A. Enumeration
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ANSWER KEY 8.1-4
How to go green at work
A. Enumeration
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DETAILS OF LEARNING OUTCOME
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LEARNING EXPERIENCES
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INFORMATION SHEET 8.3-1
The Eight Ways of Lean
Learning Objectives:
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The original seven wastes (Muda) was developed by Taiichi Ohno, the
Chief Engineer at Toyota, as part of the Toyota Production System
(TPS). The seven wastes are Transportation, Inventory, Motion,
Waiting, Overproduction, Over-processing and Defects.
1. Transport
1. Inventory
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Some countermeasures for inventory include: purchasing raw
materials only when needed and in the quantity needed, reducing
buffers between production steps, and creating a queue system to
prevent overproduction.
1. Motion
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Effective Romally Page 51 of 59
Sustainable Antonette B.
Practices in the Tagnipez
Workplace
Illustration of Motion Waste (LeanOp)
2. Waiting
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PTC-DN
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Sustainable Antonette B.
Practices in the Tagnipez
Workplace
Illustration of Waiting Waste (LeanOp)
6.Overproduction
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Exercise September 2022
PTC-DN
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Sustainable Antonette B.
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There are three countermeasures for overproduction. Firstly,
using a ‘Takt Time’ ensures that the rate of manufacturing between
stations are even. Secondly, reducing setup times enables
manufacturing small batches or single-piece flow. Thirdly, using a pull
or ‘Kanban’ system can control the amount of WIP
7.Over-processing
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Exercise September 2022
PTC-DN
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Sustainable Antonette B.
Practices in the Tagnipez
Workplace
Illustration of Over-processing Waste (LeanOp)
8. Defects
Defects occurs when the product is not fit for use. This
typically results in either reworking or scrapping the product. Both
results are wasteful as they add additional costs to the operations
without delivering any value to the customer.
Here are four countermeasures for defects. Firstly, look for the
most frequent defect and focus on it. Secondly, design a process to
detect abnormalities and do not pass any defective items along the
production process. Thirdly, redesign the process so that does not
lead to defects. Lastly, use standardize work to ensure a consistent
manufacturing process that is defect free.
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Exercise September 2022
PTC-DN
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Sustainable Antonette B.
Practices in the Tagnipez
Workplace
Illustration of Defects Waste (LeanOp)
The 8th waste is also described as the waste of unused human talent
and ingenuity.
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Exercise September 2022
PTC-DN
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Sustainable Antonette B.
Practices in the Tagnipez
Workplace
Identifying and Eliminating the 8 Wastes
In order to identify wastes, use the VSM and start with the end
customer in mind. Work backwards from the end customer to the
start of the production processes. Document instances of the 8 wastes
in the processes and develop a plan for eliminating or reducing them.
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Exercise September 2022
PTC-DN
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Sustainable Antonette B.
Practices in the Tagnipez
Workplace
SELF-CHECK 8.3-1
A. Multiple Choice
a. Inventory
b. Product
c. Wastes
d. Motion
a. Over-processing
b. Motion
c. Waste
a. Over-processing
b. Over-production
c. Transportation
d. Defects
a. Skills waste
b. Defects
c. Transportation
d. Motion
a. Over-production
b. Over-processing
c. Inventory
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Sustainable Antonette B.
Practices in the Tagnipez
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d. Skills wastes
a. Over-processing
b. Over- production
c. Inventory
d. Skills wastes
a. Over-production
b. Over-processing
c. Inventory
d. Motion
a. Unused talent
b. Inventory
c. Waiting
d. Defects
9. Wastes from time spent waiting for the next process step to
occur.
a. Waiting
b. Defects
c. Motion
d. Skills
10. Countermeasures for motion wastes in the workplace
includes
a. workspace is well organized,
placing equipment nearing the production location, and
b. putting materials at an ergonomic position
c. All of the above
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Sustainable Antonette B.
Practices in the Tagnipez
Workplace
ANSWER KEY 8.3-1
A. Multiple Choice
1. C
2. A
3. C
4. A
5. C
6. B
7. D
8. D
9. A
10. D
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Sustainable Antonette B.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
http://www.fundee.org/campaigns/
nclb/whyee.htm https://dynamix-
project.eu/sites/default/files/WP2%20D2%202%20Reasons%
20for%20(in)ef ficiency_ExecSummary_20092013_final.pdf
https://theleanway.net/The-8-Wastes-of-Lean
http://www.iea.org/topics/energyefficiency/
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/energy-consumption.html
https://www.wikihow.com/Go-Green-at-Work
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Exercise September 2022
PTC-DN
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Sustainable Antonette B.
Practices in the Tagnipez
Workplace