DEFENSE

1st- Title/Name of researchers – All members

Greetings – Khen

Good day to our research adviser, Ma’am Jennifer Dimaandal, to the panelist, Ms. Joy N. Landicho, MAED, Ms. Maria
Karmela B. Dalangin, LPT and Ms. Melgene Dela Cruz, LPT. I am Alyssa Khen Blanco, and I would like to greet you all a
pleasant day. We will be presenting our proposed study entitled Utilization of Ricinus communis (castor oil) and Apis
mellifera (honey) extract in production of lips moisturizer. Together with my groupmates,

Proceed to tell your names in order (Adin, CJ, Pres, Jake) :

Say “I am [name]” “and I am [name]”

2nd-Background and Context – Geraldine

Lip balm is a thin, waxy substance that is applied to the lips to hydrate and soothe the soreness caused by dry or chapped
lips. Due to the thinness of the skin on the lips, it is more prone to dryness than other sections of the skin. This study aims
to produce moisturizing lip balms that are made of castor oil and honey, which are all considered potential ingredients in
making an organic lip moisturizer.

This wax-like substance acts as a barrier between the lips and dry air, wind, and particularly frigid temperatures. Lip balms
also moisturize, nourish, color, and provide a glossy effect on the lips to make them appear fuller.
Hence, in this study, the method for producing an organic lip balm will be carried out using readily available materials such
as castor oil and honey, bees wax, etc. to produce an organic lip balm that is both less expensive and effective.

3rd-SOP – Khen

Moving on to the statement of the problem. This study aims to produce lips moisturizer that are made of ricinus communis
(castor oil) and apis mellifera (honey). Specifically, it seeks answers to the following questions:
First, what are the organoleptic properties of lips moisturizer made of ricinus communis (castor oil) and apis mellifera
(honey) extract in terms of odor and color. Second, what are the physical properties of ricinus communis and apis
mellifera in terms of emollient ability; pH level; and smoothness. Third, how effective the lip moisturizer that made of
ricinus communis and apis mellifera is in moisturizing lips. Lastly, is there any significant difference between
commercialized lip balm and formulated lip balm made of ricinus communis and apis mellifera extract in terms of odor,
color, pH level, and emollient ability.

4th-Paradigm – Jake

We present the Research Paradigm on Utilization of Ricinus communis (castor oil) and Apis mellifera (honey) extract in
production of lips moisturizer with the Input, Process, and Output.
The materials and tools used to make lip balm include Honey, Castor Oil, Beeswax, Shea Butter, Vitamin E, and Cocoa
Butter.
The tools used for testing smoothness are glass slides.
The tools used for testing emollient ability are application and observation.
And the tool used to determine the pH of the lip balm is pH paper

Formulation of the components in appropriate proportions is done by combining honey, castor oil, beeswax, shea butter,
vitamin E, and cocoa butter. The process also includes evaluation of the organoleptic properties of the formulated product
such as odor and color; physical properties including pH, emollient ability, and smoothness.

Lastly, a formulated lip balm is the expected output of the study.

5th-Methodology – Louieleen, Geraldine

Adin:
(Research Design)
The study utilized the feasibility method in the making of the said product, considering the materials to be used,
procedures to be followed and the conduct of the trials. Through the said method, the researcher could determine whether
the materials and procedure are feasible and preeminent to the study.
Adin:
(Major materials used)
Honey
Castor oil
Beeswax
Shea Butter
Cocoa Butter
Louie:
(Procedure)
In dealing with the first set-up of the formulation of lip balm, the researcher prepared all the materials needed. Prior to the
conduct of the actual trial, the researcher assured that all the materials to be used are sterilized to kill the microbes.
Subsequently, the researchers wipe the container of every ingredient with a clean and dry tissue to eliminate adhering
dust and other foreign particles.
Right after the materials were measured and prepared, the researchers place them into a stainless bowl. Then the
researchers melted the shea butter and cocoa butter by double boiling method. After five minutes of melting and cooling
the mixture for about 3 minutes, the mixture was transferred into a container. Meanwhile, 15 drops of castor oil and 3
capsules of Vitamin E were added and mixed with slow stirring to obtain uniform product.

CJ:
Data Collection Approach/Strategy
The researcher utilized observation as the data collection approach/strategy. In the two trials conducted, the researcher
observed the results of formulating different products to produce an eco-friendly lip balm. Moreover, observation was done
to provide answers to the questions presented in the statement of the problem.
Louie
Ethical Issue
The subject of the study is the experimentation with Apis mellifera and Ricinus Communis to produce the desired output.
As a result, no physical harm has been inflicted by the melting process. In several cases, improper usage of the materials
caused significant harm to both the researcher and the substance. In addition, the citation of sources has become
redundant due to the paper's drafting. It is considered improper that the researchers did not erroneously cite references
from two distinct areas of the literature review. On the other hand, the researchers have cited other similar publications to
substantiate their arguments regarding the situations where citation redundancy has occurred.

6-8th- Findings – Louieleen, Khen, Cj, Jake

Jake: Table 3
Table 3 shows the results of the organoleptic test in the formulated lip balm in terms of color on the two trials conducted.
In the first trial, the color of the lip balm appeared to be yellow while the color of the lip balm in trial two is different which is
light-yellow. This may be due to the fact that castor oil, shea and cocoa butter, and pure honey were the only main
ingredients in the first trial whereas melted white beeswax was added in trial two. Consequently, honey and castor oil
contributed a lot in the coloration of the lip balm.

CJ: Table 4
Table 4 presents the results of the organoleptic test in the formulated lip balm in terms of odor on the two trials conducted.
By smelling the formulated products, their odor was described as fragrant. Cocoa butter is one of the main ingredients of
the said product. Healthline (2020), stated that cocoa butter consists primarily of saturated fats, including oleic acid,
palmitic acid, stearic acid, and it has a distinct smell, similar to chocolate. This was a major indicator as to why the lip
balm has a distinctive smell of sweetness and chocolate.

Louie: Table 5
Table 5 shows the results of the physical property test in terms of the pH level in the formulated lip balm on the two trials
conducted. As shown in the table, the pH value of the said product in the first two trials were just the same, ranging from
4.0 to 5.0, which was still tolerated by the skin. A cosmetic product with a pH range below 6.5 is typical for use on skin,
including lips (Lambers et al., 2006). Therefore, the pH of the lip balms examined in this study is safe and within the
optimal range for human skin.

Khen:
Table 6 presents the results of the physical property test in the formulated lip balm in terms of emollient ability on the two
trials conducted. In determining the emollient ability of the lip balm, the formulated product was applied on lips in where
emollient ability took place and the emollient ability was noted. In the first trial, the product has a slight softening effect on
the lips after 10 minutes of application. However, due to a very soft consistency, only a thin layer of the lip balm stayed on
the lips, and it negatively affected the emollient ability of the product.
On the other hand, the emollient ability of the formulated lip balm in the last trial has a softening effect. The beeswax
helps a lot in serving as a base for the lip balm to harden the mixture. The product can be easily applied and leaves an
enough layer on the lips to help with the moisturizing process.
According to Malachi (2014), shea butter is useful for skin care as it has sun screening properties and acts as an emollient
and skin moisturizer. Topical use of Shea butter has also demonstrated anti-aging and anti-inflammatory properties.
Healthline (2020), also stated that the fats in cocoa butter can provide an excellent source of moisture to the skin. These
same fats can also help replenish the skin stratum corneum lipids, many of which are similar to palmitic acid, stearic acid,
and oleic acid. Kandola (2018), added that Ricinus communis and ricin oleic acid are thought to increase absorption in the
skin and are sometimes used in the treatment of various skin conditions, including dermatosis, psoriasis, and acne. Lastly,
Kokil et al. (2014) explained that beeswax is very resistant to moisture, oxidation, and bacteria which is a good emollient
and thickener.
Geraldine: Table 7
Table 7 presents the results of the physical property test in the formulated lip balm in terms of smoothness on the two
trials conducted. The test of smoothness consisted of applying the product (at room temperature) repeatedly onto a glass
slide to visually observe the uniformity in the formation of the protective layer and whether the stick fragmented, deformed
or broke during application. In the first trial, the product has a little deformation, and it leaves a few fragments on the glass
slide. The smoothness of the formulated lip balm on the second trial has a uniform appearance, it does not leave
fragments, has perfect application, and has no deformation. This shows that the composition and ratio of oils and butter to
the beeswax was adequate
Khen: Table 8
Testing of the formulated lip balm was done by observing the moisture retention of the product over a four-hour period. In
the first trial, the researchers applied a layer of the product to the lips and observed how moisture was preserved over
time. In the first trial, after two hours, the lips are still soft but are showing signs of greasiness. After four hours, the lips
aren’t soft, indicating that they have lost their moisture and are showing dryness. In the second trial, the researchers
repeated the same procedure. After two hours, the lips are soft and do not show signs of greasiness. After four hours, the
lips are slightly soft and still not showing dryness. The researchers did the application of lip balm for 7 days, and the
results were constant. Briogeo (2022) stated that Castor oil is an excellent moisturizer for dry, dehydrated skin since it
calms and smooths it. It's high in vitamin E and ricin oleic acid, a monounsaturated lipid that serves as a humectant,
reducing water loss through the skin and maintaining moisture. Additionally, Ediriweera and Premarathna (2012), stated
that because of Apis mellifera’s ability to hold onto water, it makes a potent moisturizer, as it hydrates without creating an
oily feel. Apis mellifera is a natural humectant, which means it could absorb moisture from its surroundings.

Louie, Cj explain the findings in table 9, 10, 11

Louie: (Table 9)
As shown in the table, the pH value of the said product in the first two trials were just the same, ranging from 4.0 to 5.0,
which was still tolerated by the skin. A cosmetic product with a pH range below 6.5 is typical for use on skin, including lips
(Lambers et al., 2006). Therefore, the pH of the lip balms examined in this study is safe and within the optimal range for
human skin. The experimental results confirmed that the commercialized lip balm has red color because it contains Ci
73360 or Red 30 as a cosmetic colorant with comedogenicity of 3. According to EWG’s Skin Deep (2022), D&C Red 30 is
a synthetic dye produced from petroleum or coal tar sources; this dye is FDA-approved for use in pharmaceuticals and
cosmetics.
Table 10 presents the results of the organoleptic test in the formulated lip balm in terms of odor on the two trials
conducted. By smelling the commercialized lip balm, their odor was described as fragrant. This is because the
commercialized lip balm contains Rosa Damascena Flower Oil. According to Incidecoder (2011), the oil content in roses is
very low, so distilling rose essential oil requires huge amounts of rose flowers. It has such a wonderful scent that there are
no comparable synthetic alternatives. However, these fragrant components might irritate sensitive skin.

Cj: Table 11
Table 11 shows the results of the physical property test in terms of the pH level in the commercialized lip balm on the two
trials conducted. As shown in the table, the pH value of the commercialized product in the first two trials were just the
same, ranging from 3.0 to 4.0, which was still tolerated by the skin. Although the pH of the commercialized products
examined in this study is safe and within the optimal range for human skin, results have shown that the formulated lip
balm is less acidic than the commercialized lip balm.
Louie:
Table 12 presents the results of the physical property test in the commercialized lip balm in terms of emollient ability on
the two trials conducted. In determining the emollient ability of the commercialized lip balm, the product was applied on
lips in where emollient ability took place and the emollient ability was noted. In both trials, the product has a softening
effect on the lips after 10 minutes of application. After 4 hours, it immediately shows loss of moisture requiring another
application of the product. The commercialized product contains Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis oil which according to
Incidecoder, the emollient plant oil comes from almonds. Like other plant oils, it is loaded with skin-nourishing fatty acids
(oleic acid - 55-86% and linoleic acid 7-35%) and contains several other skin goodies such as antioxidant vitamin E and
vitamin B versions.

9th-Conclusion –Geraldine, Khen

Adin – 1, 2
Khen – 3, 4

10th-Recommendation – Khen

Ending note (Louie):

That’s all. Thank you for listening to our virtual presentation about our study entitled Utilization of Ricinus communis
(castor oil) and Apis mellifera (honey) extract in production of lips moisturizer. The room is now open for questions,
suggestions, and recommendations.

REMINDERS:
I don’t want anyone to be silent and not participate in answering the panel’s questions. This is a collaborative
effort, therefore, make sure to study the WHOLE paper and be prepared for the possible questions. This is not a
qualitative research, every time you answer you must base from facts, and scientific data. The findings and
theories are there for a reason.

 ALWAYS speak loud and clear. Don’t be energetic, use the formal way of speaking.
 Smile at the start and ending of the presentation.
 Don’t look around, avoid doing unnecessary things during the defense, keep your eyes on the screen.
 Fix your posture.
 When the panelist tries to give us advice, take down notes or just simply pretend that you’re writing.