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Review of Related Literature

The skin requires supportive care as you age to maintain health and beauty. By

moisturizing epidermal skin cells, it can reduce the likelihood of developing extreme dryness or

oiliness. The skin constantly sheds cells, and moisturizing it can help it to continually repair

itself. That is how important skin hydration is. A sufficient amount of moisture in the skin also

reduces the likelihood of developing skin problems. Additionally, natural moisturizing products

are more effective such as honey and colloidal oatmeal that can be found at home.

Firstly, Oats have been used topically for ages to treat a range of skin barrier disorders,

including dry skin, rashes, and eczema. However, limited studies have examined the exact

mechanism of action of colloidal oatmeal's skin barrier strengthening activities. Also, colloidal

oatmeal extracts have been shown to promote the expression of genes involved in epidermal

differentiation, tight junction formation, and lipid control in skin, as well as provide pH buffering

capability. Colloidal oatmeal increased the expression of many skin barrier-related genes and

reversed barrier damage in an in vitro model of atopic dermatitis, as claimed by Ilnytska et al.

(2016).

According to the journal "Oatmeal in dermatology: A brief review" by Pazyar et al.

(2012), oat stands out among cereals due to its multifunctional properties and nutritional

composition. Oatmeal, in particular, is rich in B-complex vitamins, vitamin E, protein, fat, and

minerals. Also, oats have a lot of starches and beta-glucans, which give them their protective and

water-holding properties. This makes oatmeal a great way to moisturize dry or sensitive skin.
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Colloidal oatmeal extracts, according to Reynertson PhD et al. (2015), reduced pro-

inflammatory cytokines in vitro, and the colloidal oat skin protectant lotion demonstrated

significant clinical improvements in skin dryness, scaling, roughness, and itching intensity. The

study also found that oat fractions rich in various phytochemicals can mediate biochemical

pathways important for mitigating clinical challenges. Furthermore, oats have the highest oil

content of any grain (over 10%), as well as being high in antioxidants and other phytochemicals.

Whole oat extracts, unlike other lipid-rich plants, contain components that not only protect oat

lipids from spoilage but also form a synergistic mixture that improves oat oil's ability to protect

and nourish healthy skin.

Additionally, colloidal oatmeal, which includes anti-inflammatory compounds such as

avenanthramides, has been used for ages to soothe and protect fragile skin, hydrating and

strengthening the skin's barrier function as Zernickow et al. (2013) asserted. For these reasons,

they conducted various tests to ascertain the final effect of the ingredient which is colloidal

oatmeal when applied to the human body with different types of skin, especially individuals who

have extremely dry skins. Therefore, it was discovered that oatmeal ointment is quite effective at

moisturizing and improving the barrier function of mild to severely dry skin.

According to a study by Naranayan V. et al., (2016), oats are rich in lipids and the

majority of them are unsaturated fatty acids (having antioxidant properties), which prevent the

oxidation of lipids. Antioxidant activity is stimulated by phenolic esters, particularly glyceryl

esters, which moisturize the skin through humectant hydration. Aside from these, oats' linoleic

acid, proteins, and carbohydrates have multifaceted properties in skin conditioning, cell

regeneration, stimulating, and anti-inflammatory activities. Oatmeal moisturizer has

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demonstrated promising results for a number of skin conditions associated with dry skin and

itching.

Honey is a supersaturated fluid produced by bees that contains proteins, amino acids,

vitamins, enzymes, minerals, and other minor components, according to Burlando (2013).

Furthermore, honey-based cosmetics keep the skin youthful, regulate pH, and protect against

pathogenic infections. Honey is also a skin nutrient and moisturizer that is beneficial to both

prematurely aged and adult skin because it promotes natural cell renewal.

Berrens M. (2020) discovered that cosmetic matrices containing higher concentrations of

honey or bee products hydrated the skin more effectively, with the exception of the aqua–mel

extract formulation, where lower concentrations were found to be more beneficial. Even skin

treated with other bee products had a higher proportion of water in its corner layer. Moreover,

color differences in emulsion matrices were evaluated using sensory analysis based on

organoleptic properties. Also, cosmetic matrices enriched with honey or bee products are

appropriate for skin care that is subjected to repeated exposure.

Honey is used in balms and bath products due to its toning, relaxing, and conditioning

effects caused by the high content of simple sugars, the presence of essential oils, and

bioelements, according to Kurek-Górecka A. et al. (2020). Honey can also help with sun

protection by preventing skin irritation due to its flavonoid content.

Moreover, Hadi H. (2016) stated that honey can be used on skin and hair. It moisturizes

skin through its natural humectant properties contributed by high contents of fructose and
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glucose. Also, honey treats acne on the skin due to its antibacterial activity, anti-inflammatory

action and tissue repair.

According to Ediriweera E. (2012), bee's honey is a valuable natural substance with

numerous applications. While bee's honey acts as a rejuvenator due to its antioxidant properties,

it is also an important ingredient in beauty culture as a moisturizer and conditioner.

As a result, oatmeal is often used as a natural moisturizer for dry, itchy, or irritated skin.

Typically, doctors recommend that patients apply colloidal oatmeal to their skin. Raw honey, on

the other hand, soothes dry skin, eczema spots, and acne due to its antibacterial and anti-

inflammatory properties.

As for significant flaws, we discerned that there are several discrepancies and significant

trial and error during the production process, as the making of the product is entirely handmade

and only the richest natural components are used. Additionally, since it is a natural bar soap, the

product's effect on the skin is not immediately obvious, in contrast to manufactured soaps, which

contain chemicals that aid in the process of achieving an excellent result. Even if the overall

result is not immediately visible, the time it takes to take effect is reasonable as it is produced

entirely of natural ingredients that are not detrimental to the skin and is suited for all skin types,

especially those with sensitive skin.

In accordance with Emerald M. et al. (2016), global health awareness is driving the

natural and organic personal care product market, prompting a significant movement away from

chemical personal care products. Also, Organic and Sustainable Industry Standards (OASIS)
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require that products labeled organic contain a minimum of 70% organic content. Additionally,

although honey is a biologically active and clinically compelling ingredient, additional research is

required to have a comprehensive understanding of its medicinal value in dermatology.

(McLoone P. et al. 2016). Also as stated in Narayanan V. et al. (2016), nourishing colloidal oats

are effective, and have substantial anti-itching and moisturizing qualities in individuals of all

ages. Long-term studies, on the other hand, can accumulate more insights on the effect of

colloidal oatmeal moisturizer in dry skin conditions.

Therefore, the researchers will concentrate on developing a natural product that will

specifically evaluate the efficacy of honey and colloidal oatmeal as moisturizers. It will assess

the effectiveness of natural substances as a moisturizing agent by identifying their availability,

production cost, and duration outcome.

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References

Burlando, B. (2013). Honey in dermatology and skin care: a review. Journal of Cosmetic

Dermatology. 12(4), 306-313. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.12058

Ilnytska, O. et al., (2016). Colloidal Oatmeal (Avena Sativa) Improves Skin Barrier

Through Multi-Therapy Activity. Journals of Drugs in Dermatology. 15(6), 684-690

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303877443_Colloidal_Oatmeal_Avena_Sativa_

Improves_Skin_Barrier_Through_Multi-Therapy_Activity

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221708523_Oatmeal_in_dermatology_A_brief_review

https://www.cosmeticsandtoiletries.com/research/consumers-market/news/21843424/honey-

hydration-a-study-on-skin
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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271332623_Anti-

Inflammatory_Activities_of_Colloidal_Oatmeal_Avena_sativa_Contribute_to_the_Effectiveness

_of_Oats_in_Treatment_of_Itch_Associated_With_Dry_Irritated_Skin

Zernickow, R. et al., (2013). Efficacy of an Oatmeal and Petrolatum Skin Protectant

Ointment in Improving Skin Barrier Properties in Abraded Skin and Moderate to

Severely Dry Skin. Journals of the American Academy of Dermatology. 68(4), AB49.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2012.12.207

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326440013_Efficacy_and_Tolerability_of_an_Oatmeal

_Moisturizer_Containing_Colloidal_Oatmeal_for_Dry_Skin_Conditions_A_Post-

marketing_Study

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/3/556/htm

https://search.informit.org/doi/abs/10.3316/INFORMIT.675599976696402