Diagram show a method of preserving fish

Explain how the food can be kept longer.

 The concentrated salt solution is hypertonic to the fish cells

 Water will diffuse out of the cell by osmosis
 The microorganism are unable to reproduce

Diagram p shows the plant in condition P (plasmolysis)

Explain what happens to the plant in condition P

 Plant P is wilting because of the lack of water

 Water is lost trough diffusion from the cell sap into soil water by osmosis
 The cytoplasm of cell shrink away from the cell wall causing plasmolysis
 Plasmolyzed cell lose turgidity and support and the plant wilts

Vinegar and concentrated salt solution can be used in food preservation. Explain how

 Vinegar is acidic and has low pH value

 Most organisms are killed by vinegar or acid
 Concentrated salt are hypertonic
 Water diffuse out from bacterial cells on the meat into the surrounding hypertonic solution
 The bacterial cells become plasmolyzed
 This prevent the growth of bacteria to avoid food spoiled

Explain the importances of water in the cell (6m)

 Water is a polar molecule

 It is solvent for many organic and inorganic molecule in the cells
 Water is a medium for biochemical reactions in the cell
 Water gives structure and support. For example turgid cells give support to herbaceous
plants
 Water acts as transport medium. Water is major component of blood and lymph
 Water has high specific heat capacity. It helps to maintain an optimal body temperature

Importance of

Carbohydrates

 Carbs provide energy

 Energy is released when glucose is broken down during respiration
 Carbs also use to build cells wall in plants cells using cellulose
 Carbs acts as energy storage in the form of glycogen

Protein

 Proteins is used to build new cells for growth and repair

 Proteins used to form connective tissue such as ligaments
 Protein use to build muscles for movement
 Protein use to form haemoglobin to transport oxygen in the red blood cells
Lipids

 Lipid produce bile for the digestion of fats

 Lipids acts as solvent for vitamins ADEK
 Lipid acts as energy storage for living organisms in the form of adipose tissue for human
 Lipid used to protect internal organs and as heat insulator

Nucleic acid

 DNA carries genetic information in the form of genetic code

 To synthesis protein and determine the characteristics of an organisms
 The genetic code is the sequence of nitrogenous bases in the DNA