IES Santiago Ramón y Cajal (Fuengirola) Departamento de Física y Química

ACTIVIDADES TEMA 2

LA TEMPERATURA Y LOS ESTADOS DE LA MATERIA

1.- Complete the text with a word from the box:

shape; flow; space; shape; volume; shape; volume; flow

• Gases and liquids can ___________, solids do not _____________.

• Liquids change ____________, to fit the container they occupy.
• Solids keep the same _____________.
• Solids and liquids have got their own ________________.
• A gas will spread out to fill any _________________.
• A gas does not have its own _____________ nor its own ___________.

2.- Complete the physical properties of each state, using the following words.
Definite; Indefinite; Yes; No

PROPERTY SOLID LIQUID GAS

shape
Volume
Ability to flow
Can be compressed

3.- Choose the correct answers:

a) Gases can/cannot be compressed, and they can/cannot also flow.
b) Solids can/cannot easily be compressed, and they can/cannot flow.
c) Liquids can/cannot easily be compressed, but they can/cannot flow.

4.- Which state of matter has or have:

a) neither a fixed volume nor a definite shape?
b) a fixed volume and definite shape?
c) no definite shape, but a fixed volume?
d) a fixed volume?
e) no definite shape?
f) no fixed volume?
g) a definite shape?

5.- Write down the properties of each states of matter.

a) Solid:

b) Liquid:

c) Gas:
IES Santiago Ramón y Cajal (Fuengirola) Departamento de Física y Química

LOS ESTADOS DE AGREGACIÓN DE LA MATERIA

6.- Complete the sentences:

1. The process of changing from liquid to solid is _____________.

2. The process of changing from solid to liquid is _____________.
3. The process of changing from gas to liquid is ______________.
4. The process of changing from liquid to gas is ______________.
5. The process of changing from gas to solid is _______________.
6. The process of changing from solid to gas is _______________.
7. The process of changing from water vapour to liquid water is _____________ .

7.- Choose the right option.

a) When a liquid is cooled, it turns into a solid. This is called____________ .
dissolving freezing melting

b) Evaporation is when
A. a gas is cooled and changes to a liquid.
B. a liquid is heated and changes to a gas.
C. a solid is heated and changes to a liquid.

c) Condensation happens when

A. a gas is cooled.
B. a liquid is cooled.
C. a solid is cooled.

d) When a solid is heated, it turns into a liquid. This is called_________.

dissolving freezing melting

e) Which of the following are examples of liquids?

A. Wood and paper
B. Shampoo and oil
C. Shoes and socks

f) A gas condenses into a liquid when it is _______________. A. Cooled B. Warmed C. Boiled

8.- What are two mail differences between evaporation and boiling?
The answer is that...
1) Evaporation only occurs at the surface of a liquid, whereas boiling occurs throughout the liquid.
2) Evaporation occurs at temperature below the boiling point of the substance, whereas boiling
occurs at the boiling point.

9.- Complete the diagram:

10.- Write three examples of each changes of state.

 IES Santiago Ramón y Cajal (Fuengirola) Departamento de Física y Química

TEORÍA CINÉTICO MOLECULAR DE LA MATERIA. LOS CAMBIOS DE ESTADO SEGÚN EL MODELO

CINÉTICO-MOLECULAR

11.- Complete using the next words:

move far apart change places
particles pour vibrate close
together strongly

• Solids, liquids and gases are all made of _________________________________.

• In solids, the particles hold each other together _____________________. They cannot change places,
but they can ________________________.
• In liquids, the particles stay close together but they can _________________ ________________ with each
other. This means you can ______________________ a liquid.
• In a gas there is a lot of space between the particles. The particles _________________ around at
high speed.
• You can squash a gas because the particles are ____________________ _________________.
• It is hard to squash a liquid or a solid because the particles are __________ _________.

CURVAS DE CALENTAMIENTO Y ENFRIAMIENTO

Melting, boiling and temperature

When you heat up a solid, its temperature rises. The energy transferred to the particles makes
them vibrate faster.
But when the solid is melting its temperature stays the same. The energy transferred to the
particles makes them break away from their fixed positions.
When all the solid has melted, the temperature starts to rise again. The energy transferred to
the particles makes then move around faster.
When a liquid boils, all the energy is transferred to particles to make them escape.
Consequently, when the liquid is boiling its temperature stays the same.
Melting and boiling points:
• The melting point is the temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid. Freezing happens at the
same temperature as melting. Therefore, the melting point can also be called the freezing point.
• The boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas. Condensation happens at
the same temperature as boiling.

12.- Complete:
• Many solids have a temperature at which they will ______________. This is called the _______________
________________ of the solid.
• The temperature at which a liquid _________________ is called the _____________ _______________.
• As a solid ____________, it changes into a liquid.
• As a solid ___________, it changes into a gas.

Material Gold Silver Iron Aluminu Mercury Salt Sugar Chocolat Olive Candle Ice Glass
m e oil wax
Melting 1064 962 1525 660 -39 800 185 35 -20 60 0 1400
point °C

13.- Look at the table of melting point of common materials. Using the information answer the
questions.
a) Which material has the highest melting point?
IES Santiago Ramón y Cajal (Fuengirola) Departamento de Física y Química

b) Which material has the lowest melting point?

c) Room temperature is 22 °C. Name three materials that are solids at room temperature?
d) Which materials are liquids at room temperature?
e) Which materials have a lower melting point than ice?

14.- Complete:
• When a solid is _____________ or a liquid is ________________, its ______________________ doesn´t change.
• The energy transferred to a melting solid makes the particles ___________ ____________ from their
fixed positions.
• The energy transferred to a boiling liquid makes its particles _______________.

15.- What happens to the temperature of a substance during a phase change? Why is that?

16.- Draw a sketch of the temperature vs. Energy graph for ice at -20 ºC being heated to steam at 120
ºC.
a) Label where the H2O is solid, liquid or gas.
b) Label where the H2O is taking in or releasing energy
c) Label where the H2O is going through a phase change and what change that is called.

17.- Use the information below to answer questions A-H

Substance Melting Point Boiling Point

Water 0 100
Iron 1535 2750
Mercury -38,8 356
Lead 327 1751
Ammonia -78 -33
Ethyl acetylene -126 8

a) What temperature scale is being used here? How do you know?

b) At what temperature would ammonia change from a gas to liquid? How do you know?

c) In what phase is iron at a temperature of 2600 ºC? How do you know?

d) At what temperature (in Kelvin) will lead melt? How do you know?

e) Is it possible to boil mercury in a lead container? Why?

f) What, if anything, happens to iron when the temperature drops from 1800º to 1500?
Why is that?

g) At what temperature does lead freeze? How do you know?

h) Which of the substances would be a solid, which would be a liquid, and which would be a gas in a
standard refrigerator (temp of about 3.3 ºC). How do you know?