A Detailed Lesson Plan in

Claims of Fact, Value, and Policy

(Grade-10 Aquarius)

I. Objectives:
After the discussion, the student will be able to:
a. differentiate what claims of fact, value, and policy are;
b. justify the significance of different types of claims in formulating one’s opinion on a specific topic; and
c. construct various assertions about current issues.

II. Subject Matter

A. Topic: Claims of facts, value, and policy

B. Reference/s: Hamlett’s three claims description pdf (file from Crafton Hills College)
C. Material/s: PowerPoint presentation, illustration board, and bond paper
D. Value Concept: Cooperation in every activity

III. Procedure:
Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity
Preliminary Activities
Prayer
Before we start, let us pray.
Mr. kindly lead the prayer.
Mr: Our Father, who art in heaven, hallowed by thy name,
thy kingdom come, thy will be done, on Earth as it is in
heaven. Give us the day our daily bread. And forgive us
our sins, as we forgive those who trespass against us.
And lead us not into temptation but deliver us from evil.
Amen.
Amen.

Greetings
Today is another day of full of learning. Good morning
class!

Students: Good morning, Sir!

Please, be seated.

One significant thing that I want to impose in my class,

on all my students is to not be afraid of making mistakes;
make them because they will be corrected by people,
and you will learn from that. You are in school, a student
who is still learning tons of things; it is really okay to
make mistakes because perfection is boring and offers
no thrill at all. However, from that idea of making
mistakes, you should also digest that it is not okay to
repeat your mistakes multiple times and let your
mistakes dictate what you are capable of; you must learn
from them, carpi diem!
Okay, class?
Students: Yes, Sir!
Alright, it seems that everything is in order, the
classroom is clean, which is good. Just a reminder, as
future professionals, clean and organized classroom is
always part and a reflection of what kind of professionals
you are in the future.

Checking of Attendance
Let’s check your attendance. Is there any absent today in
your section?

It is good to know that you have complete attendance Students: None, Sir. Everyone is present.
today.

Review
A Blast From the Past
Last time, we discussed the topic of opinion and
assertion. Again, what is the difference between
assertion and opinion, Mia?

Mia: Sir, an assertion is a statement that declares facts or

certainties. In contrast, an opinion is anything about your
own judgment or the way you think about something.
Very good, Mia.
Again, opinion is a person’s statement based on his
beliefs, feelings, or thoughts. While, on the contrary, the
assertion is a statement that people assume to be true
but cannot be proven.

Lesson Proper
Warm- Up
Let’s warm-up our minds!
Now, we will have a game entitled “Fact” or “Bluff” with a
twist, are you familiar with this game?
Students: Yes, Sir!
Okay, we will divide this class into two groups, boys vs.
girls. The mechanics of the game is, I will be going to
present different statements and you will raise your
banner if the statement is a fact or bluff. The twist of our
game is you will be going to defend or explain your
answer in the statement starting with do you agree or
disagree, is it favorable or not favorable or is it true or
false.

Are we clear, class? Students: Yes, Sir!

Okay, welcome to fact or bluff game!

The first statement is, Men are better in Math than

woman.

Is it fact or bluff, yes girls? Girls (may vary answer): Sir, I disagree in the statement
because there is scientific evidence that shows men are
better in math than women.

How about boys, what can you say in this statement, is it

a fact or bluff? Boys (may vary answer): Yes, Sir because since men are
 specific and more direct in making thoughts, we tend to
be good at math and there some study that says that we
are better in than.

Okay, thank you! Both answers are logical and hearing

your answers clearly speaks that this statement is highly
arguable.

The next statement is, Women are more logical in a Girls (may vary answer): Sir, we are favor to that
relationship than men. Yes, girls? statement since we only get mad or uncomfortable in a
relationship if our man in not right and honest.

Boys (may vary answer): Sir, we are not favor to that

Nice answer, how about the boys? statement because every time we state our own thoughts,
girls will get and they put inappropriate emotions that can
ruin a relationship.

Okay, that was a perfect case in points of thought you all

shared.

Actually, those statements are some examples of issues

on the topic of gender bias that we, or some of us can
experience in life. I know that some of you got persuaded
by those statements and some are not, but the real point Students: Yes, Sir!
is that those statements are debatable, right?

Now, what do you think is the best word that could

describe a statement that persuades, argues, convinces,
or provocatively suggests something to a reader who
may or may not initially agree with you?
Andrea: I think the best word that describe those words is
Yes, Andrea. claim.

That is correct. Claim state or assert that something is

the case, typically without providing evidence or proof
that is why, one thing to identify if a statement is a claim
statement is if it is arguable or debatable just like the
statements that I have shown to you in our game.

Presentation of the Lesson

Do you have now any idea regarding our topic for today? Darius: Sir, our topic for today is related to claim and its
Yes, Darius? types.

Very good, Darius.

Today, our topic will be focusing on claims and its
different types; the claim of facts; claim of value; and the
claim of policy.
Goals of the Day
As you absorb all the learnings for today’s lesson, here
are our goals:
a. differentiate what claims of fact, value,
and policy are;
b. justify the significance of different types
of claims in formulating one’s opinion
on a specific topic; and
c. construct various claims about current Students are listening attentively.
issues.

Discussion
Overview of the Lesson
As a product of the 21st century, speaking and writing
are crucial abilities that every student must cultivate in
order to gain a deeper grasp of the various texts they
read and perceive. Speaking and writing are equally
important skills for communicating, expressing oneself,
and engaging with others. Those skills help us to
engage, as readers, with various information to validate
issues, affirm ideals, and even stand by our decisions.
Reading does not give us information because the author
also stimulates us with what they want us to do, think, or
believe by the time we finish reading his or her work. 
Meaning, our opinion is also influenced by how
thoroughly we understand or perceive their writings,
which is why understanding what a claim is and the
different types of claims is critical for us to form a logical Students are listening attentively.
and reasonable assertion on every statement we read or
hear. 

Okay, before we discuss the three main categories or

types of claims, let us first identify what a claim is. Princess: A claim is an arguable single statement that
Princess, could you please read the definitions of a defines your goal of the essay. This can persuade, argue,
claim. and convince someone.

Claims proactively suggests something to a reader who

may or may not initially agree with you.

Thank you, Princess.

It means that claim is an arguable or debatable
statement that describes your writing's goal. When we
are talking about your goal, we are referring to your
viewpoint or stand on a certain issue. Technically, a
claim is an arguable statement about something
debatable, and it may be an argument about facts or the
interpretation of facts. In the second definition, the claim
has the characteristic that at the beginning, your reader
might not agree with your idea, but the target is that,
perhaps after reading, that reader who did not agree with
you at the beginning should agree with you at the end
because you convince them, the reader, that your points
or stand are believable.
Student: Yes, Sir!
Did you get it?

The following are the characteristics of a good claim.
Could you please read this, Jasper.
Jasper: The characteristics of a good claim are:
 A claim should be argumentative and debatable.
 A claim should be specific and focused.
 A claim should be interesting and engaging.
 A good claim should be logical.

As basic as that. Now, let us see these examples of

statements. Where do you think is a claim and not a
claim statement?
 “Smoking is dangerous to one’s health” George: I think the claim in these examples is the second
 “The existing health protocols have reduced the statement and the first one is not a claim.
rate of infection.”
Yes, George.

Excellent, George.
If you are the one reading the second statement, you will
want to ask yourself if the statement is true or not. This
particular statement, number 2, is a claim because it is
debatable whether or not the current health protocol
reduces the rate of inflection of COVID-19 in people.  Michelle: It is not a claim because it is not arguable or
debatable.
Now, why do you think that the first statement is not a
claim, Michelle?

That is correct. Keep in mind that the basic quality of

claims is that they have to be debatable and can make Students: Yes, Sir!
an assertion about an issue. The second statement is
already a fact, why would you want to claim it is true if
everyone knows it is true, right?

Since you are now familiar with what a claim is, now we
are going to discuss its three types, the claim of facts,
claim of value, and claim of policy. Kenneth: Claim of facts argues whether something is true
or untrue, or has existed, exists, or will exist, but always
Could you please read the definition of claims of facts, be the potential for controversy, conflict, and convention.
Kenneth.
Thank you.
Basically, claims of facts make an assertion about
something that we can prove or disprove with factual
evidence. Jordan: Questions to answer to check if a claim is a
CLAIM OF FACT:
Here are the question ns to answer to check if a claim is o Can we investigate it through research or
a CLAIM OF FACT. Could you please read these interviews?
questions to answer if it is a claim of facts, Jordan. o Did it happen?

Thank you.
Look at these examples:
 Capital punishment reduces crime rates.
 Most parents favor modular learning modality Mitchie: We can prove or disprove those statements by
during the pandemic. investigating them through research or interviews.

What do you observe in these statements? Yes, Mitchie.

Very good, Mitchie.

These two statements are really claims of facts,
considering you can question whether capital
punishment really reduces crime rates or not. Also, as I
said a while ago, we can tell if a statement is a claim of
fact if we can investigate it through research or an
interview. Therefore, to prove if a statement is true or not
true, you have to do research or interview someone who
is credible to provide justification for the statement. It
could be some legislators for the first statement and the Students: None, Sir!
Department of Education for the second statement.

Is that clear?

TAKE NOTE: The overall ways to support claim of facts

or to know if a certain statement is a claim of facts is if
we can prove or disprove something, it can be proven Students: None, Sir!
true or untrue, or if a condition has existed, exists, or will
exist.

Danny: Claims of value argues that something is good, or

Do you have any questions, so far? bad that one thing is better that another thing. It also
makes a judgement-subjectively-to express approval or
Now let us move on to the claims of value. Please, read disapproval about something; it attempts to show that
the definition of claims of value, Danny. something is wrong or right, moral or immoral, or beautiful
 or ugly.

Basically, claims of value are based on preferences such Students are listening attentively.
as likes or dislikes, good or bad. Usually, it compares two
(2) ideas against each other, or, in other words, one thing
is better than the other. This claim is also subjective, in
other words, it is a personal judgment to express
approval or disapproval about something. Alex: Questions to answer to check if a claim is a CLAIM
OF VALUE.
Here are the questions to answer to check if a claim is a o Is it good or bad?
CLAIM OF VALUE. Could you please read these o Is it valuable or not valuable?
questions to answer in a claim of value, Alex.

Thank you, Alex. Now, look at these examples:

 Although immunotherapy has produced some Erick: The first statement state that one thing is better
good results in fighting cancer, overall, it is less than another, and the second one, talks about if we can
effective than chemotherapy. approve and disapprove to that.
 Abortion is immoral.

What do you notice in these statements, Erick.

That is correct. As we can observe here, there are two

things being compared in the first statement. We have a
comparison between immunotherapy and chemotherapy.
Claims of value can be easier to remember, because,
ideally, when you do a comparison, you normally see
some superlatives in the statement, meaning there is
always a comparison, something like "better than the
other," worse than the other," or "good or bad." And for
the second one, it is a claim of value because it talks
about the worth of something over another, because
some can say that abortion is good, and some can say
that it is immoral.

TAKE NOTE: Claims of values can give you a guide

whether something is good or best, ugly or beautiful, bad
or worse, right or wrong, moral or immoral. To support
claim of value, you must establish standards that you are Students are listening attentively.
using to measure the beauty or probability of your topic.
In other words, if you are going to measure the beauty of
something, what will be your standard, is it tall or short, is
it black or white. Thus, it is all about establishing your
own standard to measure something.
Hanna: Claim of policy is the statement that argue that
something needs to be done, or should not be done, to
Now, let us move to the last claim which is the claims of solve a problem. A claim of policy usually has the modals
policy. Could you please read the definition of a claim of should, must, and ought to.
policy, Hanna.

Thank you. In simple words, in this statement, you are

arguing that something should be or should not be done,
which is why this is also called a problem-solving
technique that uses modals such as should, must, or
ought to. Justine: Question to answer to check if a claim is a
CLAIM OF POLICY.
Here are the questions to answer to check if a claim is a  What should be done?
CLAIM OF POLICY. Could you please read these
questions to answer in a claim of policy, Justine.

Now, look at these statements:

 There are three basic rules that people should
follow to avoid COVID-19 infection: wear a
mask, wash hands properly and practice social
distancing.
 Marijuana should not be legalized because Marianne: The statement is a claim of policy because it
many individuals will abuse it. suggests of what should be or should not be done, and it
uses modal like should.
So, from the definition of a claim of policy we discuss,
what did you observe in these statements, Marianne.

That is right. We could clearly say that in these two

statements, we are suggesting something that needs to
be done. We can already see that there is a certain
modal. In the first statement, the problem is the COVID-
19 that we are experiencing right now. Therefore, to
solve that, as per the statement, we should wear a face
mask, wash our hands properly, and practice social
distancing. For the second statement, the solution here is
to not legalize marijuana, because the problem here is
that many people would abuse the use of it if the
government legalized its use. A claim of the policy clearly
states the problem and the solutions in a statement or in
some explanation it is a claim about an actionable topic
regarding policy.

TAKE NOTE: The key points to remember claim of policy

is that there is the used of modals, and there must be the Students are listening attentively.
statement of the problem within the statement or
sentence and of course the solution within the statement
or sentence. It talks about the issues that need an action. Students: None, Sir.
Additionally, to support claim of policy, you must first
convince the audience that a problem exists and then
prove that your policy will fix it.

Do you have questions or clarifications about our topic?

If you do not have any questions, then let us proceed

with the Checking for Understanding.
Application
Alright, let us answer the following questions.
Directions: Answer the following questions by identifying
the statement if it is claim of facts, claim of value, or
claim of policy. Raise your hand if you want to answer.

Are you ready?

Students: Yes, Sir.
For question number 1,
1. TikTok should undergo censorship, privacy, and
child safety.
Yes, Feidan.
Feidan: Claim of Policy
That is right.

2. Social media bullying often causes

psychological harm, especially women.
Yes, Villy.
Villy: Claim of Facts
Very good.

3. Social harmony is better than freedom.

Yes. Danna.

Danna: Claim of Value

Okay, correct. The next is,

4. Congress should pass the SOGIE bill.

Yes, Ian.

Ian: Claim of Policy

Very good!

5. What are the three types of claims?

Yes, Jerome.
Jerome: Claim of facts, claim of value, and claim of
Very good. policy.

It seems that all of you really understood the lesson.

Generalization
Analysis
As a future professional, what do you think is the
significance of different types of claims in formulating
one’s opinion on a specific topic?
Yes, Angela.
Angela: Sir, as a future professional, it is important that
we have a better grasp of the different types of claims
because that will help us to support our opinion regarding
the claims with factual evidence.

Excellent idea, Angela.

As a future professionals, it is important that you have a
thorough understanding of the different types of claims
so that you can immediately support your assertion with
factual evidence. In the simplest terms, once you know
the type of claim you are making or writing, it is easier to
support your ideas. Let us say, you are making a
statement of facts; therefore, you have to make sure that
you have your statistics, data, or factual evidence. In
other words, because you are proving something true or
false in a claim of fact, you will gather information from
professionals in the field about which you are writing.
Whereas, if your writings are about claims of value, you
are going to check whether something is moral or
immoral, beautiful or ugly, or right or wrong, or compare
one to another. A claim of policy, on the other hand, is
simply something that you want to do to provide a
solution to a certain problem.
Students are listening attentively.

Are we clear?
Students: Yes, Sir!
IV. Evaluation
Unboxing Performance Task
For our last activity, we will be going to divide your class
into (4) groups, the point here is, I’m going to give three
different issues that are relevant to today’s generation.
You will be going to write your claims here using its
different types of claims. This is only good for eight (8)
minutes. I will give each group 5-minute time to prepare,
and the remaining (3) minutes are for your presentation.
You will be graded based on the given criteria.

Please, read the direction, Toni.

Toni: Directions: Imagine that you are a group of
researchers and professionals. Your goal is to write an
assertion using the different types of claims. After that,
you’ll have to present it to the class. You will be graded
based on your idea of the claims, the organization of the
presentation, and group work.

This is the rubric for your Performance Task (PT).

Criteria Points
 Ideas of the claims 10
Organization of presentation 10
Group work 5
Total 25

Here are the issues:

 Social Media Bullying
 Racial Discrimination
 Online Learning

Do you have any questions regarding the PT?

That is good. I am glad that everything is clear. Students: None, Sir!

Time is up! Students are collaborating with their groupmates.

Students will present their work in class.

Very good, all group. You did nice claims on every issue.
V. Assignment
Let’s Reflect!
Directions:
For your assignment, write a brief reflection on what you
have learned in the topic we discussed on the yellow
paper. Failure to do so would mean the assignment
would not be recorded.
Students are listening attentively.
I hope everything is clear. See you next meeting. Carpi
diem. Goodbye class.
Students: Goodbye, Sir!

Prepared by:

Eric John T. Chavez

3rd year- BSED Major in English

Instructor:

Marevi Ortega
Adviser