CRITICAL READING

AS LOOKING FOR
WAYS
OF THINKING
Lesson 6
 Learning Competencies :

Explains Critical
Reading as Looking
for Ways of Thinking
Why should
you read
critically?
 TEXT

can be easily cannot be easily

comprehended comprehended
The meaning of words may be
implied in three ways:

1. Text

2. Reader’s context

3. Author’s context
Simple - involves identifying
and recognizing the
Reading
meaning of a text

Critical - is a more advanced

Reading form and a higher
level of reading
 Critical Reading
- is a type of reading whereby the
reader analyzes and interpret
reading material to know if it
the
presents logical ideas and
connection of ideas
 Critical Reading
 is a technique for discovering information and ideas within
a text;
 is a technique for evaluating information and ideas, for
deciding what to accept and believe;
 refers to a careful, active, reflective, analytic reading. In
actual practice, critical reading and critical thinking work
together;
 allows you to enter into a dialogue with the author – and
this deepens your understanding of the issue or topic
discussed; and
 allows us to monitor our understanding as we read
Simple Reading Critical Reading

•It gives the •After recognizing

basic definition of what a text says, it
a text. reflects on what the
text does by
making
judgment.
Simple Reading Critical Reading

•Its central •Its certain goal is to

idea is the recognize the author’s
message purpose in writing the
being material, understand the
imparted. tone and persuasive
elements in it, and to
recognize bias in the text.
Simple Reading Critical Reading

•It recognizes •It recognizes

what a text says. what a text says,
reflects on what
the text does, and
infers on what
the
text means.
Simple Reading Critical Reading
•The reader • The reader
absorbs and actively
understands. recognizes and
analyzes
evidence in the
text.
 Difference Between Reading and Critical Reading
  Reading Critical Reading
Purpose To get a basic grasp of the text. To form judgments about HOW a text
works.
Activity Absorbing / Understanding Analyzing / Interpreting / Evaluating

Focus What a text SAYS What a text DOES and MEANS

Questions What is the text saying? How does the text work? How is it argued?
What information can I get out of it? What are the choices made? The patterns
that result?
What kinds of reasoning and evidence are
used?
What are the underlying assumptions?
What does the text mean?

Direction WITH the text (taking for granted it AGAINST the text (questioning its
is right) assumptions and argument, interpreting
meaning in context)
Response Restatement, Summary Description, Interpretation, Evaluation
 Example:

Interpret the lyrics through simple and

critical reading.

“…I don’t need a whole lot of anything.

I just need a little bit of everything.”
 Example:

Interpret the lyrics through simple and

critical reading.
“A room without books is
like a body without a soul.”
― Marcus Tullius Cicero
 Example:

Interpret the lyrics through simple and

critical reading.
“To be yourself in a world that is
constantly trying to make you
something else is the greatest
accomplishment.”
― Ralph Waldo Emerson
 Process for Reading Critically

 taking notes
 testing answers to your questions,
 brainstorming
 outlining
 reflecting on your own reading and thinking
 describing aspects of the text or argument
 raising objections to the ideas or evidence
presented
 highlighting important points and examples
 CRITICAL

THINKIN
G

CRITICAL
READING
How does Critical
Reading develop
Critical Thinking?
 Critical Thinking
 involves a series of complex
thought processes which
allows you to make reasoned
judgments, assess the way
you think, and solve problems
effectively
 Critical Thinking
 is a 21st-century skill that
enables a person to think
rationally and logically in
order to reach a plausible
conclusion.
A critical thinker assesses
facts and figures and data
objectively and determines
what to believe and what
not to believe.
Critical thinking skills
empower a person to decipher
complex problems and make
impartial and better decisions
based on effective
information.
Critical thinking skills cultivate
habits of mind such as strategic
thinking, skepticism, discerning
fallacy from the facts, asking
good questions and probing deep
into the issues to find the truth.
 Benefits of Critical Thinking Skills
in Education
 It allows a student to decipher problems and think
through the situations in a disciplined and systematic
manner
 Through a critical thinking ability, a student can
comprehend the logical correlation between distinct
ideas
 The student is able to rethink and re-justify his
beliefs and ideas based on facts and figures
 Benefits of Critical Thinking Skills
in Education
 Critical thinking skills make the students curious
about things around them
 A student who is a critical thinker is creative and
always strives to come up with out of the box
solutions to intricate problems
 Critical thinking skills assist in the enhanced student
learning experience in the classroom and prepares
the students for lifelong learning and success
 Benefits of Critical Thinking Skills
in Education
 The critical thinking process is the foundation of new
discoveries and inventions in the world of science and
technology
 The ability to think critically allows the students to think
intellectually and enhances their presentation skills, hence
they can convey their ideas and thoughts in a logical and
convincing manner
 Critical thinking skills make students a terrific communicator
because they have logical reasons behind their ideas
Flow of
Critical
Thinking
 Main Fact Cause
vs.
Vs. And
Supporting
Details Opinion Effect

Compare
Summary Sequence And
Contrast

Problem-
Inference Conclusion
Solution
 Components of Critical Thinking

1. Getting the Main Idea

- involves identifying the
general idea in a text which may
be explicitly or implicitly stated
*Main idea is usually found in
the beginning, middle, or end of
the text.
2. Summarizing
- includes recalling all
pertinent information and thinking
how to compact them all in a
summary
*Incorporate all important
ideas and be guided by the
WH- questions.
 3. Inferring
- is a process used
by a
reader to understand an idea that
the author does not
explicitly
state
- is done by combining the
reader’s knowledge and
background with details and clues
stated by the author
4. Drawing Conclusions

- is figuring out much more

than what an author says directly

- is usually done after reading

the whole text
5. Analyzing sequence
- considers the order of
arrangement of events present in
the text
6. Determining Fact from

Opinion
Fact – is an idea that is
already proven or is obviously
true
Opinion – is an unverified idea; it
may or may not prove to be true
7. Understanding Cause
and Effect
- involves identifying the
event that causes another event
8. Comparing and Contrasting

Comparing is determining
how things are the same

Contrasting is determining
how things are different.
9. Identifying the problem and
solution
-involves discussing complex
issues and identifying the
solution
 ACTIVITY
1. What type of audience is addressed?
2. What are the writer’s assumptions?
3. What are the writer’s intentions?
4. How well does the writer accomplish these?
5. How convincing is the evidence presented?
6. How reliable are the sources? Are they based on
personal experience, scientific
data or outside authorities?
7. Did the writer address opposing views on the
issue?
8. Is the writer persuasive in his/her perspective?
 Learning Competencies :

1. Identifies claims explicitly or

implicitly made in a written text .
 A. Claim of Fact
 B. Claim of Policy
 C. Claim of Value
Let’s Play !
FACT
BLUFF
The Philippines is the
world’s number one
producer of coconut.

FACT BLUFF
The Philippines is the
world’s number one
producer of coconut.

FACT
The third largest English
speaking country in the
world is the Philippines.

FACT BLUFF
The third largest English
speaking country in the
world is the Philippines.

FACT
The largest lake in the
Philippines is Taal
lake.
FACT BLUFF
 The largest lake in the
Philippines which measures 900
sq. km is Laguna de Bay

BLUFF
 Lebanon is the only
country in the Middle
East in which there is no
dessert.
FACT BLUFF
 Lebanon is the only
country in the Middle
East in which there is no
dessert.
FACT
Red pepper is the most
popular spice in the
world.

FACT BLUFF
Black pepper

BLUFF
 Saudi Arabia has the
largest Muslim population
in the world.

FACT BLUFF
Indonesia

BLUFF
Vatican is the smallest
country.​

FACT BLUFF
Vatican is the smallest
country.​

FACT
 By the age of eighteen,
your brain stops growing.​

FACT BLUFF
 By the age of eighteen,
your brain stops growing.​

BLUFF
Your heart pumps blood
through your body.

FACT BLUFF
Your heart pumps blood
through your body.

FACT
 It is better to live in
Singapore than in Japan.

FACT BLUFF
 It is better to live in
Singapore than in Japan.

BLUFF
Liza Soberano is more
beautiful than Janella
Salvador.

FACT BLUFF
Liza Soberano is more
beautiful than Janella
Salvador.

BLUFF
What do these
information
gives us ?
Do you believe
those facts and
informations ?
 What do you
call a statement
that persuades,
and convinces
the readers?
CLA I M
CLA I M
CLA I M
CLA I M
CLA I M
What is a
Claim ?
 A claim persuades, argues,
convinces, proves, or provocatively
suggests something to a reader who
may or may not initially agree with
you.
Types of Claims
Claim of Fact

Claim of Value

Claim of Policy
 Claim of Fact
Asserts that the condition has existed, exists
or will exist.

To support use – factual evidence, that is

sufficient, reliable and appropriate.
 Examples :
 Philippines is part of Southeast Asia.

 Teens who engage in promiscuous,

unprotected sex will develop STDs, become
pregnant and/ or contract AIDS.
 Claim of Value
Makes a judgment : expresses approval or
disapproval about something; attempts to show
that something is wrong or right, moral/ immoral,
beautiful or ugly.

To support use- you must establish standards that

you are using to measure the beauty or morality of
your topic.
 Examples :
• Homosexuality is immoral because it
violates religious, societal and biological
standards.

• Monet’s art is more beautiful than

Picasso’s because of its use of soft color,
uplifting subject matter and unique
techniques.
 Claim of Policy
Argues that something should or
should not be done, believed, banned;
argues for a course of action.

To support- you must first convince the

audience that a problem exists and then
prove that your policy will fix it.
 Examples :
 The death penalty should be abolished
because it does nothing to prevent murder.

 Legislation should be passed to stop the sale

of cigarettes.
 Let’s try it!
1. Teachers should be given an increase in their
salary.
Claim of Policy
2. The hunting of animals is a barbaric practice.

Claim of Value
3. Global warming is a threat to people living here on
Earth.
Claim of Fact

4. It is immoral to participate in non-violent strikes in

the streets.
Claim of Value
5. The age at which people can get a driver’s license
must be raised to 21.
Claim of Policy

6. Increasing population threatens the environment.

Claim of Fact
7. Traveling in Asia is more fun than traveling in
Europe.
Claim of Value

8. Nike is more useful than Adidas.

Claim of Value
10. Same sex marriage should be considered legal in
the Philippnes.
Claim of Policy
 Group Tasks:
Make use of the different types of claims in the following
task.

Group 1 :
Interview with a government official.

Group 2 :

Great Debaters

Group 3 :
Talk show !
 Directions : Identify each statements below, taken from or inspired by the
previous text, as a claim of fact, value, or policy.

 1. National strength can only be built on character.

 2. The Filipinos of the pat became strong – willed ,earnest and
adventurous by necessity: they had to brave the seas, clear the forest and
erect towns and cities upon the wilderness in order to establish
communities.
 3. To insure the accomplishment of the task of national spiritual
reconstruction, we shall formulate and adopt a social code that can be
explained in the schools, preached from the pulpits , and taught in the
streets and plazas, and in the remotest corners of our land.
 4. Teachers are in the position to inculcate this social code in the youth
because they are in the most contact with them during their formative
years at school.
 5. LTFRB should be given the public an advance notice about their fare
hike.
 Assignment :
Watch the video clip entitled :
“If I Can Change the World” then take down notes
for your reference to some of the social issues.
Write 5 claim of fact , policy , and value on your
paper that are presented in the video.
 References / URLs / Links /

 http://havlicek.weebly.com/uploads/6/8/5/2/685209/ww2claims.p
df
 http://department.monm.edu/cata/mcgaan/classes/cata335/o-claim
s.335.html
 http://theliteratesims.net/eng1bM/week03/claims.html
 http://mentalfloss.com/article/32118/45-amazing-facts-everyone-
should-know