Mineral Nutrition (b) Iron

(c) Iodine
(d) Zinc
1. Minerals absorbed by roots move to
9. Which of the following is not caused
the leaf through
by deficiency of mineral nutrition?
(a) xylem
(a) Necrosis
(b) phloem
(b) Chlorosis
(c) sieve tubes
(c) Etiolation
(d) none of the above
(d) Shortening of internodes
2. Phosphorous and nitrogen ions
10. Which of the following is a free living
generally get depleted in soil because
aerobic nonphotosyntheticnitrogenfixer? (a)
they usually occur as
Rhizobium
(a) neutral ions
(b) Azotobacter
(b) negatively charged ions
(c) Azospirillum
(c) positively charged ions
(d) Nostoc
(d) both positively and negatively charged
but disproportionate mixture
11. A pair of insectivorous plants is
(a) Drosera and Rafflesia
3. Which one is an essential mineral, not
(b) Nepenthes and Bladderwort
constituent of any enzyme but
(c) Dionaea and Viscum
stimulates the activity of many enzymes
(d) Venus fly trap and Rafflesia
(a) Zn
(b) Mn
12. The plants grown in magnesiumdeficient
(c) K
but urea sprayed soil would show
(d) Mg
(a) deep green foliage
(b) early flowering
4. Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic relationship (c) yellowing of leaves
between roots of higher plants and (d) loss of pigments in petals
(a) virus
(b) fungi
13. Enzyme involved in nitrogen
(c) bacteria
assimilation
(d) blue green algae
(a) nitrogenase
(b) nitrate reductase
5. The association between blue-green (c) transferase
algae and fungi occurs in (d) transaminase
(a) lichens
(b) symbiosis
14. Passive absorption of minerals
(c) cannibism
depend on
(d) mycorrhiza
(a) temperature
(b) temperature and metabolic inhibitor
6. Which of the following can fix
(c) metabolic inhibitor
atmospheric nitrogen?
(d) humidity
(a) Albugo
(b) Cystopus
15. Which aquatic fern performs
(c) Saprolegnia
nitrogen fixation?
(d) Anabaena
(a) Azolla
(b) Nostoc
7. Which one of the following is a
(c) Salvia
micronutrient for plants?
(d) Salvinia
(a) Calcium
(b) Magnesium
16. In plants inulin and raphides
(c) Manganese
(a) reserved food material
(d) Nitrogen
(b) wastes
(c) secretory material
8. Which one of the following is not an
(d) insect attracting material
essential element for plants?
(a) Potassium
17. Choose the correct match (a) Co, Ni, Mo
(a) Trapa, Dionaea, Drosera (b) Ca, K, Na
(b) Nepenthes ,Utricularia, Vanda (c) Mn, Co, Ca
(c) Utricularia, Drosera, Dionaea (d) Cu, Mn, Fe.
(d) Dionaea, Trapa, Vanda
25. A plant requires magnesium for
18. The major role of minor elements (a) protein synthesis
inside living organisms is to act as (b) chlorophyll synthesis
(a) binder of cell structure (c) cell wall development
(b) co-factors of enzymes (d) holding cells together.
(c) building blocks of important amino
acids 26. Which one of the following elements
(d) constituent of hormones is not an essential micronutrient for
plant growth?
19. Which one of the following mineral (a) Zn
elements plays an important role in (b) Cu
biological nitrogen fixation? (c) Ca
(a) Molybdenum (d) Mn
(b) Copper
(c) Manganese 27. Nitrogen fixation in root nodules of
(d) Zinc Alnus is brought about by:
(a) Bradyrhizobium
20. The major portion of the dry weight (b) Clostridium
of plants comprises of (c) Frankia
(a) Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (d) Azorhizobium
(b) Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
(c) Calcium, magnesium and sulphur 28. Manganese is required in:
(d) Carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen (a) plant cell wall formation
(b) photolysis of water during
21. Boron in green plants assists in photosynthesis
(a) sugar transport (c) chlorophyll synthesis
(b) activation of enzymes (d) nucleic acid synthesis
(c) acting as enzyme cofactor
(d) photosynthesis 29. Which one of the following pairs is
wrongly matched?
22. Grey spots of oat are caused by (a) Alcohol - nitrogenase
deficiency of (b) Fruit juice - pectinase
(a) Fe (c) Textile - amylase
(b) Cu (d) Detergents - lipase
(c) Zn
(d) Mn 30. Which of the following is a symbiotic
nitroger fixer?
23. A free living nitrogen-fixing (a) Azotobacter
cyanobacterium which can also form (b) Frankia
symbiotic association with the water (c) Azolla
fern Azolla is (d) Glomus
(a) Tolypothrix
(b) Chlorella 31. An element playing important role in
(c) Nostoc nitrogen fixation is:
(d) Anabaena (a) Molybdenum
(b) Copper
24. The deficiencies of micronutrients, (c) Manganese
not only affects growth of plants but also (d) Zinc
vital functions such as photosynthetic
and mitochondrial electron flow. Among 32. Which one of the following is not a
the list given below, which group of micronutrient?
three elements shall affect most, both (a) Molybdenum
photosynthetic and mitochondrial (b) Magnesium
electron transport: (c) Zinc
(d) Boron
33. Nitrifying bacteria:
(a) oxidize ammonia to nitrates
(b) convert free nitrogen to nitrogen
compounds
(c) convert proteins into ammonia
(d) reduce nitrates to free nitrogen
34. A prokaryotic autotrophic nitrogen
fixing symboint is found in:
(a) Alnus
(b) Cycas
(c) Cicer
(d) Pisum
35. Which one of the following elements
in plants is not remobilised?
(a) Phosphorus
(b) Calcium
(c) Potassium
(d) Sulphur
36. Nitrifying bacteria:
(a) oxidize ammonia to nitrates
(b) convert free nitrogen to nitrogen
compounds
(c) convert proteins into ammonia
(d) reduce nitrates to free nitrogen
37. The function of leg haemoglobin in
the root nodules of legumes is:
(a) inhibition of nitrogenaseactivity
(b) oxygen removal
(c) nodule differentiation
(d) expression of nif gene
38. Which one of the following is not an
essential mineral element for plants
while the remaining three are?
(a) Iron
(b) Manganese
(c) Cadmium
(d) Phosphorus
39. Which one of the following is
essential for photolysis of water?
(a) Manganese
(b) Zinc
(c) Copper
(d) Boron
40. Best defined function of Manganese
in green plants is:
(a) Photolysis of water
(b) Calvin cycle
(c) Nitrogen fixation
(d) Water absorption
41. Which one of the following is
correctly matched?
(a) Passive transport of nutrients - ATP
(b) Apoplast - Plasmodesmata
(c) Potassium - Readily immobilisation
(d) Bakane of rice seedlings - F. Skoog
42. Which one of the following is wrong
statement
(a) Anabaena and Nostoc are capable of
fixing nitrogen in free living state also.
(b) Root nodule forming nitrogen fixerslive
as aerobes under free-living conditions.
(c) Phosphorus is a constituent of cell
membranes, certain nucleic acids and cell
proteins.
(d) Nitrosomonas and Nitrobactera re
chemoautotrophs.
43. For its activity, carboxypeptidase
requires
(a) zinc
(b) iron
(c) niacin
(d) copper
44. Read the following four statements
(A-D). (A) Both, photophosphorylation
and oxidative phosphorylation involve
uphill transport of protons across the
membrane. (B) In dicot stems, a new
cambium originates from cells of
pericycle at the time of secondary
growth. (C) Stamens in flowers of
Gloriosa and Petunia are polyandrous.
(D) Symbiotic nitrogen-fixers occur in
freeliving state also in soil. How many of
the above statements are correct?
(a) Two
(b) Three
(c) Four
(d) One
45. For its action, nitrogenaserequires
(a) Mn2+
(b) light
(c) high input of energy
(d) super oxygen radicals
46. The first stable product of fixation of
atmospheric nitrogen in leguminous
plants is:
(a) Ammonia
(b)
(c) Glutamate
(d)
47. Which two distinct microbial
processes are responsible for the release
of fixed nitrogen as dinitrogen gas (N2) 54. During biological nitrogen fixation,
to the atmosphere? inactivation of nitrogenase by oxygen
(a) Anaerobic ammonium oxidation, and poisoning is prevented by
denitrification (a) cytochrome
(b) Aerobic nitrate oxidation, and nitrite (b) carotene
reduction (c) leghaemoglobin
(c) Decomposition of organic nitrogen, and (d) xanthophylls
conversion of dinitrogen to ammonium
compounds 55. Which of the following elements is a
(d) Enteric fermentation in cattle, and constituent of biotin?
nitrogen fixation by Rhizobium in root (a) Calcium
nodules of legumes (b) Magnesium
(c) Sulphur
48. Which of the following elements is a (d) Phosphorus
constituent of biotin?
(a) Sulphur 56. Deficiency symptoms of nitrogen and
(b) Magnesium potassium are visible first in
(c) Calcium (a) senescent leaves
(d) Phosphorus (b) roots
(c) young leaves
49.In which of the following all three are (d) buds
macronutrients?
(a) Nitrogen, phosphorus 57. Which amino acid is formed when α keto
(b) Boron, zinc, manganese - glutaric acid reacts with NH3 during
(c) Iron, copper, molybdenum transmmination ? 
(d) Molybdenum, magnesium, manganese (a) Glutanic acid 
(b) Aspartic acid 
50. Which element is required for absorption (c) Oxalo-acetic acid 
and utilization of calcium ?  (d) None of these
(a) Fe 
(b) Cu  58. Specialized cells for fixing atmospheric
(c) B  nitrogen in Nostoc are
(d) K (a) heterocysts
(b) nodules
51. The function of leghaemoglobin in the (c) hormogonia
root nodules of legumes is (d) akinetes
(a) inhibition of nitrogenase activity
(b) oxygen removal 59. Best defined function of manganese in
(c) nodule differentiation green plants is
(d) expression of nif gene (a) Calvin cycle
(b) nitrogen fixation
52. Which one of the following elements is (c) photolysis of water
not an essential micronutrient for plant (d) water absorption
growth?
(a) Ca 60. Formation of NO2 and NO3 from NH3 is
(b) Mn indentified by which name? 
(c) Zn (a) Nitration 
(d) Cu (b) Denitrification 
(c) Nitrogenation 
53. Deficiency of which mineral causes (d) Nitrification
shortening of internodes and reduction in
cambium activity? 61. For its action, nitrogenase requires
(a) K  (a) light
(b) Fe  (b) high input of energy
(c) Cu  (c) Mn2+
(d) B (d) super oxygen radicals
62. Which one of the following is not an (d) i and ii
essential mineral element for plants while
the remaining three are? 68. When the plants are grown in
(a) Manganese magnesium deficient but urea rich soil, the
(b) Cadmium symptoms expressed are
(c) Iron (a) yellowish leaves
(d) Phosphorus (b) colourless petiole
(c) dark green leaves
63. Sulphur is an important nutrient for (d) shoot apex die
optimum growth and productivity in
(a) oilseed crops 69. In which of the following forms is iron
(b) cereals absorbed by plants?
(c) pulse crops (1) Ferric
(d) fibre crops (2) Ferrous
(3) Both ferric and ferrous
64. Which are criteria for Essentiality of (4) Free element
Elements. Choose the correct sentences from
given sentences.  70. Which of the following elements is
(i) A plant must be unable to complete its life responsible for maintaining turgor in cells?
cylce in the absence of the mineral element.  (1) Magnesium
(ii) The function of the element must not be (2) Sodium
replaceable by another mineral element.  (3) Calcium
(iii) All minerals which are absorbed by (4) Potassium
plants are not essential minerals. 
(a) i and ii 
(b) iii and i 
(c) ii and iii 
(d) only ii

65. In glycolysis, glucose molecule is

converted into:
(a) PEP
(b) RuBP
(c) Acetyl CoA
(d) Pyruvic acid

66. If by radiation all nitrogenase enzyme are

inactivated, then there will be no
(a) fixation of atmospheric nitrogen
(b) fixation of nitrogen in legumes
(c) conversion from nitrate to nitrite in
legumes
(d) conversion from ammonium to nitrate in
soil.

67. From the given statements for transport

of mineral elements which are correct one ? 
(i) Transport of mineral ions takes place by
symplastic and Apoplastic path. 
(ii) Mineral ions absorbed by roots first
enters in the cortex then through pericycle
and endoder mis enters into xylem units. 
(iii) Water and mineral ion transpotation are
interlinked with each other. 
(iv) Transport of mineral elements in xylem
takes place with water only. 
(a) i, ii and iii 
(b) i, iii and iv 
(c) ii, iii and iv 

Solutions
1. Solution: (a)
Along with water, minerals move upwards
through the trachaery elements of xylem.
2. Solution: (d)
Phosphorus and nitrogen are essential
elements normally required in large
quantities by plants.
3. Solution: (c)
Potassium is not a constituent of any
enzyme but is an activator of enzymes.
Potassium is an essential mineral and is
found in more amounts in actively dividing
cells such as of buds young leaves, root
tips, etc. It has some other roles like
involved in regulating stomated movement
and protein synthesis.
4.
Solution: (b)
Symbiotic relationship between roots of
higher plants and fungi is called
mycorrhiza, e.g. Pinus roots associated
with fungal hyphae.
5. Solution: (a)
In lichens, the association between an
algae and a fungus is considered to be a
symbiotic one. In this association, algae
provides food to fungi.
6. Solution: (d)
Anabaena is a nitrogen fixing blue-green
alga composed of barrel-shaped cells held
in a gelatinous matrix. So it can fix
atmospheric nitrogen.
7. Solution: (c)
Nutrients which are required in large
amounts and functioning of plant are
known as macronutrients eg. Ca, Mg, N.
Nutrients required in trace amounts are
known as micronutrients. Manganese is a
micronutrient for plants essential for
synthesis of chlorophyll. It is also required
for activation of enzymes of respiration and
nitrogen metabolism.
8. Solution: (c)
Iodine is the only such element which is
an essential mineral for animals but is not
required by plants.
9.
Solution: (c)
Etiolation is a plant response to stimuli.
When plant seeds are grown in insufficient
light, either in partial or complete absence
of light, the seedlings will have long, weak
stems, smaller and fewer leaves because of
longer internodes, and a pale yellow colour
(chlorosis). This is due to a lack of
chlorophyll. The plant‘s increase in height
helps it to reach a possible source of light
faster.
10.
Solution: (b)
Rhizobium is a symbiotic nitrogen fixer.
Azospirillum is a nitrogen fixing fungus and
Nostoc is anaerobic.
11.
Solution: (b)
Insectivorous plants supplement the
supply of nitrogenous food by capturing
and digesting insects. Pitcher plant
(Nepenthes) and bladderwort (Utricularia)
are both insectivorous plants.
12.
Solution: (c)
Deficiency of magnesium produces
chlorosis due to breakdown of chlorophyll.
In botany, chlorosis is a condition in which
plant foliage produces insufficient
chlorophyll. When this happens, leaves do
not have their normal green colour; they
may be pale green, yellow, or yellowwhite.
The affected plant has little or no ability to
manufacture carbohydrates and may die
unless the cause of its chlorophyll
insufficiency is treated. Specific nutrient
deficiencies (often aggravated by high pH)
produce chlorosis, which may be corrected
by supplemental feedings of iron,
magnesium or nitrogen compounds in
various combinations. Some pesticides,
particularly herbicides, may also cause
chlorosis, both to target weeds and
occasionally to the crop being treated.
13.
Solution: (a)
A molecule of N2 is changed to ammonia by
nitrogenase. Transaminase transfers amino
group from one substrate to another.
14.
Solution: (a)
Roots do not spend any energy on this type
of mineral absorption. So application of a
metallic inhibitor will not retard the
process.
15.
Solution: (a)
Azolla performs nitrogen fixation through
its colonies of Anabaena azollae, which
have the capacity to fix atmospheric
nitrogen.
16. Solution: (a)
Inulin and raphides crystals are reserve
materials in plants. Inulin is a
polysaccharide (a polymer of fructose) and
is present in Compositae. Raphides are
bunches of needle like crystal of calcium
oxalate found in certain plant cells.
17.
Solution: (c)
These are all insectivorous plants.
18. Solution: (b)
Minor elements are those which are
required by plants in very small amount.
These elements have a significant role in
enzyme activities (zinc activates
carboxylases, carbonic anhydrase and
various dehydrogenases).
19. Solution: (a)
Molybdenum is a component of
nitrogenase and nitrate reductase involved
during N2 fixation. Copper is essential for
photosynthesis and respiration. Zinc is
involved in synthesis of auxin. Manganese
is activator of enzymes involved in nitrogen
metabolism.
20.
Solution: (a)
The major portion of the dry weight of
plants comprises of Carbon, hydrogen and
oxygen.
21. Solution: (a)
Manganese is an activator of enzymes.
Copper is essential for photosynthesis.
Molybdenum is a cofactor of enzymes.
Boron assists in sugar transport.
22. Solution: (d)
Grey spots of oat are caused by deficiency
of Manganese.
23.
Solution: (d)
The fresh water from Azolla harbours anabaena (a
blue green alga) in its leaf cavities. Chlorella
is simply a green alga. Nostoc is a free living
cyanobacteria involved in N2 fixation and so
is Tolypothrix.
24.
Solution: (d)
Copper: Electron transfer (Cu+ Cu 2+)
Maintenance of carbohydrate/ nitrogen
balance, chlorophyll synthesis. Iron:
Electron transport in photosynthesis and
respiration (Fe 2+ Fe 3+) development of
chloroplasts, chlorophyll and other
pigments, protein synthesis. Manganese:
Metabolism and photolytic evolution of
oxygen. A plants require magnesium for
chlorophyll synthesis. All four rings bind
with metal atom magnesium (Mg++), which
remain present at the center of chlorophyll
molecule.
25.
Solution: (b)
26.
Solution: (c)
Essential micro elements are Fe, Mn, Zn,
B, Cu, Mo and essential macronutrionts
are C,H, N, P, S, Ca, K, Mg.
27. Solution: (c)
Nitrogen fixation in root nodules of Alnus
is brought about by Frankia. Frankia is a
symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria in root
nodules of several nonlegune plants like
Casuarina (Australian Pine), Myrica and
Alnus (Alder).
28.
Solution: (b)
Manganese is essential for many plant
functions. Some of them are: • The
assimilation of carbon dioxide in
photosynthesis. • Itisinvolved in the
HillReactionwhere water is split during
photosynthesis. • It aids in the synthesis of
chlorophyll and in nitrate assimilation. •
Manganese activates fat forming enzymes. •
It functions in the formation of riboflavin,
ascorbic acid, and carotene. • It functions
in electron transport during
photosynthesis.
29. Solution: (a)
Alcohol and nitrogenase pair is wrongly
matched. Ethanol produces alcohol.
30. Solution: (b)
Frankia is symbiotic nitrogen fixer in root
nodules of several non-legume plants like
Casurina and Alnus.
31. Solution: (a)
Molybdenum is a micronutrient that plays
an important role in nitrogen fixation. It is
a part of nitrate reductase enzyme that
helps in nitrogen fixation.
32.
Solution: (b)
Magnesium is a macronutrient.
Micronutrients are essential elements that
are required by plants in small amount.
They include Fe, Cu, B, Mo, Mn, Cl, and Ni.
Macronutrients, on the other hand, are
those essential elements that are required
by plants in larger amount. The examples
include C, H, O, N, S, P, K, Ca and Mg.
33.
Solution: (a)
The nitrifying bacteria bring about
transformations of ammonia to nitrite and
of nitrite to nitrate.
34. Solution: (b)
A prokaryotic autotrophic nitrogen fixing
symbiont is found in Cycas.
35.
Solution: (b)
Calcium is not remobilized from the leaves
to the fruits, like potassium, phosphorus
and sulphur. It occurs abundantly in a
non-exchangeable form such as anorthite
(CaAl2Si2O8).
36.
Solution: (a)
The nitrifying bacteria bring about
transformations of ammonia to nitrite and
of nitrite to nitrate.
37. Solution: (b)
Leghaemoglobin is the haemoglobin like
red pigments found in root nodules of
legumes and reported to function as an
oxygen-carrying pigment in symbiotic
nitrogen fixation.
38.
Solution: (c)
Cadmium is not an essential element for
plants. Phosphorus is macronutrient and
iron and manganese are micronutrients for
plants.
39. Solution: (a)
Photolysis is catalysed by the
proteinbound inorganic complex containing
manganese ions (oxygen evolving complex)
of photosystem II.
40.
Solution: (a)
The best defined function of manganese is
in the splitting of water to liberate oxygen
during photosynthesis. It is absorbed in the
form of manganous ions (Mn2+). It activates
many enzymes involved in photosynthesis,
respiration and nitrogen metabolism.
41.
Solution: (c)
42.
Solution: (c)
Phosphorus is a constituent of nucleic
acids both DNA and RNA but absent in cell
membranes and cell proteins.
43. Solution: (a)
Carboxypeptidase is an exopeptidase
enzyme secreted by the pancreas that acts
only on the peptide linkage of a terminal
amino acid containing a free carboxyl
group. Zinc is a cofactor for
carboxypeptidase. In digestion
carboxypeptidase, requires zinc for its
protein degrading action.
44. Solution: (c)
All the four statements are correct.
45.
Solution: (c)
Nitrogenases are enzymes used by some
organisms to fix atmospheric nitrogen gas.
It is the only known family of enzymes that
accomplish this process. Nitrogenase
requires high input of energy & anaerobic
condition.
46.
Solution: (a)
Ammonia is first stable compound produce
in fixation of atmospheric nitrogen in
leguminous plant. A molecule of nitrogen is
change into two molecules of ammonia. It
requires 16 ATP, a source of electron donor
ferredoxin, hydrogen donor NADPH or
FMNH2 and dinitrogenase enzyme.
47.
Solution: (a)
In the global nitrogen cycle, bacterial
denitrification is recognised as important
process that converts fixed nitrogen to
atmospheric nitrogen gas, N2. in marine
nitrogen cycle, anaerobic oxidation of
ammonium coupled to nitrate reduction,
contributes substantially to N2–production
in marine sediments.
48.
Solution: (a)
Biotin, also known as vitamin H, is a
water-soluble B-vitamin. It is a coenzyme
for carboxylase enzymes, involved in the
synthesis of fatty acids, isoleucine, valine
and in gluconeogenesis. Sulphur is a
constituent of biotin
49.
(a) Following are list of macronutrient
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen,
phosphorus, potassium, calcium,
magnesium, and sulfur. 
50.
(b) Cu
51.
(b) The root nodule of legume contains
enzyme nitrogenase and leghaemoglobin.
Nitrogenase catalyses the conversion of
atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia. It is
highly sensitive to the molecular oxygen and
requires anaerobic conditions. The nodules
have adaptations that ensure that the
enzyme is protected from oxygen. To protect
these enzymes, the nodule contains an
oxygen scavenger called leghaemoglobin.
52.
(b) Calcium is an essential macronutrient for
plant growth. Macronutrients are essential
elements which are required by plants in
quantity more than 1 mg/g dry matter. It is
used as a calcium pectinate for the
formation of middle lamella in cell wall for
lipid metabolism, for cell division and cell
enlargement, helps in translocation of
carbohydrates and also activates enzyme
activity in plants. All other like Zn, Cu and
Mn are micronutrients of plants.
53
(a) K mineral causes shortening of
internodes and reduction in cambium
activity.
54.
(c) Leghaemoglobin is a pinkish pigment
present in the root nodules of leguminous
plants. It acts as oxygen scavenger and
prevents the inactivation of nitrogenase
enzyme by oxygen poisoning.
55.
(d) Sulphur is present in two vitamins of B
complex, thiamine and biotin. Biotin is
important to hair. It is normally found in
protein foods, such as eggs, lettuce, sprouts
etc.
56.
(a) Deficiency symptoms appear first in
young leaves and young tissues in case of
elements which are relatively immobile
inside the plant e.g., Ca, S. For mobile
elements like N and K, deficiency symptoms
first appear in old and senescent leaves ns
the elements are mobilised from senescing
regions for supply to young tissues.
57.
(d) None of these
58.
(a) Heterocysts or heterocytes are specialized
nitrogen-fixing cells formed during nitrogen
starvation by some filamentous
cyanobacteria, such as Nostoc punctiforme,
Cylindrospermum stagnale, and Anabaena
sphaerica
59.
(c) Manganese is used for photolysis of
water to produce oxygen and electrons
during light reaction of photosynthesis. It is
the phenomenon of breaking up of water into
hydrogen and oxygen in the illuminated
chloroplast. It acts as an essential cofactor.
60.
(d) Nitrification is the process by which
ammonia is converted to nitrites (NO2-) and
then nitrates (NO3-). This process naturally
occurs in the environment, where it is
carried out by specialized bacteria.
Ammonia. Ammonia is produced by the
breakdown of organic sources of nitrogen.
61.
(b) Nitrogenase enzyme is present in
prokaryotic nitrogen fixers. The enzyme
nitrogenase requires a high input of energy
to carry out biological nitrogen fixation. This
can be illustrated by the following equation.
62.
(b) C, H, O, N, P, K, S, Mg, Ca, Fe, B, Mn,
Cu, Zn, I Mo, Cl, Ni are essential elements,
which has a specific structural or
physiological role and without which plant
cannot complete their life cycle
63.
(a) oilseed crops
64.
(d) only ii
65.
(d) In this process, one molecule of glucose
undergoes partial oxidation to form 2
molecules of pyruvic acid.
66.
(b) The enzyme nitrogenase is required for
the process of biological nitrogen fixation
only. Fixation of atmospheric nitrogen occurs
through other route also. Neither
nitrification (conversion of ammonium to
nitrate) nor conversion of nitrate to nitrite
require nitrogenase.
67.
(b) i, iii and iv 
68.
(a) Magnesium is important constituent of
chlorophyll, thus it is found in all green
plants and is essential for photosynthesis. It
also helps in binding of ribosomal particles
where protein synthesis occurs. It is also
part of many enzymes of respiration. The
deficiency symptoms of magnesium includes
interveinal chlorosis in leaves and yellowing
of leaves starting from basal to younger
ones.
69
(1)
Ferric as per NCERT (So as per NTA the
answer is Ferric only)
Actual answer is Both ferric and ferrous as
per some advance level book.
Fe2+ (ferrous) form is relatively soluble but is
readily oxidized to Fe3+ (ferric) at the junction
of the protoxylem and the metaxylem, chelated
by citrate, and then transported in the
metaxylem to the other parts of the plant. 
70
(4)
Turgor, Pressure exerted by fluid in
a cell that presses the cell
membrane against the cell wall. Turgor is
what makes living plant tissue rigid. Loss of
turgor, resulting from the loss of water from
plant cells, causes flowers and leaves to wilt.
Turgor plays a key role in the opening and
closing of stomata in leaves.