Athena Mz Period 6

The Right Way

1. Tires- they act as a soft cushion between the road and the metal wheel, and the provide
adequate traction with the road surface
2. Pneumatic- they are filled with air. internal air pressure pushes out on the inside of the
tire to support the weight of the vehicle
3. Tubeless tires- do not have a separate inner tube. the tire and wheel form an airtight
unit
4. Inner tubes- older vehicles have these as they fit inside the tire and wheel assemblies,
they are soft, thin, and leak proof rubber liners
5. Beads- are two rings made of steel wire that are encased in rubber. they hold the tire
sidewalls snugly against the wheel rim
6. Body plies- are rubberized fabric and cords wrapped around the beads. they form the
carcass, or body, of the tire
7. Tread- is the outer surface of the tire that contacts the road
8. Sidewall- the outer part of the tire that extends from the beaf to the tread
9. Belts- may be used to strengthen the body plies and stiffen the tread
10. Liner- s thin layer of rubber that is bonded to the inside of the lies. provides a leak proof
membrane for the modern tubeless tires
11. Rolling resistance- is a measurement of the amount of friction produced as the tire
operates on the road surface
12. Bias ply tire- the plies run at an angle from bead to bead. the angle is reversed from ply
to ply. the tread is bonded directly to the top ply
13. Belted bias tire- is a bias ply tire with belts added to increase the tread stiffness
14. Rapid ply tire- hs plies running straight across from bead to bead, with stabilizer belts
directly beneath the tread
15. Footprint- a radial tire has a very flexible sidewall and a stiff tread giving it a very stable
footprint. Improves safety, cornering, braking, and wear
16. Tire marking- tire markings on the sidewall of a tire give information about the size, tire
model, load carrying ability, inflation pressure, number of plies, speed rating,
manufacturer, ect.
17. Tire size- is given on the sidewall as a letter number sequence
18. P-metric- is the size designation that is the newest tire identification system
19. Alpha-numeric- the tire size designation that uses letters and numbers to denote the
size in inches and its load carrying capacity in pounds
20. Aspect ratio- is the comparison of the tire’s height, bead to tread distance, and width,
sidewall to sidewall distance
21. Squat- as the number because smaller, the tire becomes more squat meaning wider
and shorter
22. Maximum load rating- indicates the amount of weight the tire can carry at the
recommended inflation pressure
23. Maximum inflation pressure- is the highest air pressure that should be pumped into
the tire
24. DOT serial number- identifies the particular tire manufacturer, plant location,
construction, and date of manufacture. stamped into the tire sidewall
25. Tread wear- given as a number the rating range from 100 to 500 the higher the number
the more resistant the tire is to wear
26. Tire traction- is given an A,B, or C rating. a rating would provide the most traction while
a tire with a C rating would provide the least traction
27. Tire temperature resistance- also given an A,B, or C rating. a tire with an A rating
resists a temperature buildup better than a tire with B or C rating
28. Tire speed rating- the maximum allowable sustained road speed a tire can safely
withstand without failure
29. Asymmetric tires- has a different tread pattern on the inner edge than the outer edge
30. Directional tires- are high performance tires designed to rotate in a specific direction to
minimize hydroplaning
31. Hydroplaning- is a loss of control that occurs when a layer of water prevents the tire
tread from contacting the road surface
32. Spare tire- is an extra wheel and tire assembly that can be installed if the vehicle has a
flat tire
33. Full-size spare- is a tire of the same size and type used on the other four wheels of the
vehicle
34. Compact spare tire- lighter spare tires
35. Space saver spare- which is a much smaller tire than the normal tire used on the
vehicle. saves space in the trunk or storage area
36. High-pressure spare- is a compact spare tire that holds higher than normal air pressure
typically about 60 psi
37. Lightweight spare tire- has a very thin sidewall and tread construction
38. Self-sealing- these tires have a coating of sealing compound applied to their liners. if a
nail punctures a self-sealing tire, air pressure will push the soft compound into the hole
to stop air leakage
39. Retreads- are used tires that have had a new tread vulcanized to the old carcass or
body using heat and pressure to be applied
40. Run-flat tires- have an extremely stiff sidewall construction so that they are still usable
with a loss of air pressure
41. Wear bars- used to indicate a critical amount of tread wear. when too much tread has
worn from the tires, solid rubber bars will show up across the tread
42. Tire pressure monitoring systems- alert the driver if one or more of the vehicle’s tires
is underinflated
43. Wheels- designed to support the tire while withstanding loads from acceleration,
braking, and cornering
44. Mags- is a nickname for aluminum or magnesium wheels
45. Mag wheels- magnesium wheels that do not need wheel covers
46. Drop-center wheel- is commonly used on passenger vehicles because it allows for
easier installation and removal of the tire
47. Rim- outer lip that contacts tire bead
48. Spider- center section that bolts to vehicle hub and welded to the rim
49. Safety rim- has small ridges that hold the tire beads on the wheel during a tire blowout
or flat
50. Blowout- instant rupture and air loss
51. Flat- slow leak reduces inflation pressure
52. Valve stem- pressed into a hole in the wheel of a tubeless tire to allow inflation and
deflation
53. Valve core- is a spring loaded air valve that is threaded into the valve stem
54. Air chuck- tool for filling tire with air
55. Valve stem cap- screws over the threaded valve stem to protect the air valve and stem
threads from dirt, moisture, and damage
56. Lug nuts- hold the wheel and tire assembly on the vehicle
57. Lug studs- are pressed through the back of the hub or axle flange
58. Lug bolts- the bolts screw into the threaded holes in the hub or axle flange
59. Wheel weights- small lead weights that are attached to the wheel rim to balance the
wheel and tire assembly
60. Wheel bearings- allow the wheel to turn freely around the spindle, in the steering
knuckle, or in the bearing support
61. Outer race- is a steel cup or cone pressed into the hub, steering knuckle, or bearing
support
62. Balls/ rollers- are anti friction elements that fit between inner and outer races
63. Inner race- is another steel cup or cone that rests on the spindle or drive axle shaft
64. Hub and wheel bearing assembly- two basic designs those with tapered roller
bearings and those with ball or straight roller bearing assemblies
65. Spindle- is a stationary shaft extending outward from the steering knuckle or the
suspension system
66. Wheel bearings- tapered roller bearings mounted on the spindle and in the wheel hub
67. Hub- is the outer housing that holds the brake disc or drum, front wheel, grease, and
wheel bearings
68. Grease seal- prevents the loss of lubricant form the inner end of the spindle and hub
69. Safety washer- is a flat washer that keeps the outer wheel bearing from rubbing on and
turning the adjusting nut
70. Spindle adjusting nut- threaded on the end of the spindle for adjusting the wheel
bearing
71. Nut lock- is a thin, slotted nut that fits over the spindle adjusting nut
72. Cotter pin- is made of a soft metal. it fits through a hole in the spindle adjusting nut
73. Dust cap- is a metal cap that fits over the outer end of the hub to keep grease in and
road dirt out of bearings
74. Outer drive axle- is a stub axle shaft that extends through the bearings and is splined to
the hub
75. Ball bearings- are anti friction elements that allow the drive axle to turn in the steering
knuckle or bearing support
76. Steering knuckle/ bearing support- is a steering or suspension component that holds
the wheel bearings, axle stub shaft, and hub
77. Driving hub- is a mounting surface for the wheel. it transfers driving power from the stub
axle to the wheel
78. Axle washer- is a special washer that fits between the hub and locknut
79. Hub locknut/ axle locknut- screws on the end of the drive axle stub shaft to secure the
hub and other parts of assembly

I only found 79 and i even checked multiple times but still only found 79 and there
was a double, grease seal