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Circles of Friends Mobility and Friendship

CHAPTER 3:
Circle of friends is an approach to enhancing the inclusion in a mainstream setting Some reasons why people relocate and form and end friendship easily and quickly:
PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS, of any young person (known as “the focus child”, who is experiencing difficulties in +) begin new jobs
school because of a disability, personal crisis or because of their challenging behavior
FAMILY VALUES, +) attend distant colleges
towards others.
+) get married
EDUCATIONAL ATTITUDES Kinds of circle friends:
+) have children
Lesson 5: PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS + Church friends
+) change their lives
Today, we will study lesson 5: Personal Relationships. The aims of this lesson, + Work friends
students should learn the following main points: For example:
+ Sport friends...
1. Circles of Friends Every year, approximately one out of every five American families moves.
- A person may choose not to involve members of different circles in the same
2. Mobility and Friendship activity. +) Student attend 2 or 3 universities during their undergraduate and graduate
years many change their circles of friends several times
3. Male – Female Relationships For example:
Male –Female Relationships
4. Intercultural Friendships One’s friends from the office may never meet one’s friends from the sport club
In English-speaking countries, men and women socialize relatively freely and
5. Cultural Notes - The segregation consists of two terms: office mate and tennis partner.
develop a variety of relationships.
What is friendships? +) the office mate is a friend in the office.
Dating may be serious or casual, a couple may date with or without the intention
What is meant by the word “friend”? The dictionary defines it as: “one attached to +) the tennis partner is a friend on the courts of getting married
another by affection or esteem.” English speakers use the word freely - that is, a friend - People have different types of friends. According to foreign visitors, Americans may not always be the first ones to begin
may or may not be a person to whom there is a great attachment. However, it is difficult
For example: friendships.
to formulate a precise definition of this word as it is used, because it covers many types
of relationships. One may have many good friends and ones best friend However, Americans are receptive to developing friendships with international

- Best friends are usually two people of the same sex who have known each other visitors.
According to Americans:
for a long period of time. A characteristic of American personal relations is the absence of fixed rules
+) A friend may or may not be a person to whom there is a great attachment.
- People usually have more casual friends than close or best friend governing them. It is not very difficult to make a friend relationship when one is living in
+) A friend might be a casual acquaintance or an intimate companion. a foreign country.

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But we must know some things before having a relationship with foreign friends. 4. The Elderly Opposes harm reduction, favouring prevention, zero tolerance, rehabilitation and
Think carefully before talking or joking because it’s easy to make ones misunderstand. 5. The Nuclear and the Extended Family avoidance
Should respect or ask the ideas of your friend before begin if it’s related to your friend. Opposes Gay adoption, in vitro fertilisation for Gay couples and doesn’t
6. Family Roles
It’s maybe social speech so we should not understand them following to black letter acknowledge Gay civil unions British Politics “Family values” were a recurrent theme in
7. Stability and Change in the Family
Culture Notes the Conservative government of John Mayor.
8. Cultural Notes
Currently some women feel more comfortable paying for themselves and may It caused considerable embarrassment whenever a member of the Gov. was found
occasionally pay for the man. Gift-giving to friends is not marked by any fixed rules. A Analysis of Family Values to be having an affair
gift is appropriate if one is invited for an extended stay in someone’s home. The concept of “family values “is rooted in each individual culture thus making “Family values” has been revived by the current Consevative Party, forming the
Summary the values different for different societies. backbone of his mantra on social responsibility and related politicies

That comes to the end of the lesson. Let's summarizes the key points of the lesson Cultures change over time in respone to economic, political, and cultural Some political concepts of “Family values” in some countries
that you have just studied. developments
Chinese culture and Confucianism
1. Circles of Friends “Family values” vary from household to household, country to country, and from
In confucian thought, family values, familial ralationships, ancestor workshop and
generation to generation.
2. Mobility and Friendship filial piety are the primary basis of the philosophical system which are seen virtues to be
“Family values” is a political and social concept used in various cultures to cultivated
3. Male – Female Relationships
describe values.
4. Intercultural Friendships Filial piety is considered the first virtue in Chinese culture
“Family values” has been described as a political buzzword, power word, or
5. Cultural Notes The term “filial” meaning “of a child”, denotes the respect and obedience that a
codeword predominantly used by right-wing or conservative political parties and media
child, originally a son should show to his parents, especially to his father
Thank you for attending my lesson and hope you succeed in learning. providers.
This relationship was extended by five relationships:
Lesson 6: FAMILY VALUES Some political concepts of “family values” in some countries
- Rular and subject - Husband and Wife - Friend and friend
Hello! Today, we will study lesson 6: Family Values. The aims of this lesson, Australian politics
students learn the following main points: - Father and son - Elder and Younger brother
The Family First Party originally contested the 2002 South Australian state
1. The concept of Family Values election Specific duties were prescribed to each of the participants in these sets of
relationships
2. Child Raising The party opposes abortion
It also extended to the dead, where living stood as sons to their decreased family
3. Young Adulthood Opposes euthanasia

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This theme consistently manifests itself in many aspects of East Asian culture Number of children in families tend to decline from year 1900 to 1970. However, - Although children choose their own spouses, they still hope their parents will
even to this day a slight increase from the year 1970-1980 approve of their choices.

U.S politics Housewife rate continued to increase from 22% to 47% (1950-1975) In any families, parents feel that children should make major life decisions by

Republican Party Child Raising themselves. A parent may try to influence a child to follow a particular profession but the
child is free to choose another career.
Since 1980, the Republic Party has used the issue of family values to attract Acculturation, which begins at birth, is the process of teaching new generations of
socially conservative voters which includes some combination of the following children the customs and values of parent’ culture. Sometimes children do precisely the opposite of what their parents wish in order

principles: to assert their independence.

Promotion of traditional marriage and opposition adultery
Opposition to same-sex marriage
Support for traditional education and parental involvement in that education
Support for policies that encourage “adoption over abortion”
Support for behavior identified as traditional or moral
Support for healthy choices
Support for “abstinence education” exclusively regarding risks associated with
early sexual activity
Support for policies that are said to protect chilren from obscenity and exploitation
Democratic Party
The Democratic definitions of family values often include items that specifically
target working families such as a support as a “living wage” as well as universal health care
American Family
From the chart, it shows the number of migrants in the period 1950-1980 in the
United States tend to fall through the year
How people treat newborns?
Strong love between parents and children is universal and this is no exception in
First step toward personal independence: parents should put a newborn in a
the American family. Coexisting with such love in the American family family are
separate room that belong only to the child.
cultural values of self-reliance and independence.
Second step: parents try to instill these prevailing values in these children
THE ELDERLY
Finally, teach children to make decisions and responsible for their actions.
Societal and familial treatment of the elderly also reflects this independence and
They work for money outside the home: deliver newspapers in their individualism.
neighborhoods, babysit at neighbor’s home…
Their financial support is often provided by social security or welfare systems.
Many parents believe that managing money helps children learn responsibility as
Senior citizens centers provide a means for peer-group association within one’s
well as appreciate the values of money.
own age group.
Young Adulthood
Some families send their older relatives to nursing homes rather than integrate
- Upon reaching an appropriate age (usually between 18 and 21 years), children them into the homes of the children or grandchildren
are encouraged, but not forced, to “leave the nest” and begin an independent life
Many older people who choose to live in retirement communities where they have
- Parents do not arrange marriages for their children, nor do children usually ask the companionship of other older people and the convenience of many recreational and
permission of their parents to get married. social activities close to home.
- Romantic love is most often the basis for marriage; young adults meet their THE NUCLEAR AND THE EXTENDED FAMILY
future spouses through other friends, at school, at jobs, and in organizations and religious
1. The nuclear family: consists of only parent and their biological (related by
institution
blood) or adopted children.

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Has its own separate residence Some political concepts of “Family values” in some countries 3. The way children call their parents.

Is economically independent of other family members Change in the family Children call their parents by the first name and parents address their children by

Relatives often outside the basic obligations that people have to their immediate The rates of separation and divorce increase more and more. nicknames, sometime by middle name.

families A number of “single-parent” families, remarried parents commonly grow Stepparents are often called by their first names but sometimes referred to as

When couples marry, they expect to live independently and become “heads of mother and father.
Relationships in the family is interpreted as an breakdown, alternatively, as an
households” adaptation of the family to changing roles, attitudes, values Child Raising

2. The extended family: include grandparents, parents and children (sometimes Represent a breakdown in the family structure, a disintegration of values, and a 4. The familial relationship.
aunts, uncles, cousins), relatives living in the same house or close together on the same decline of morality If you attend a family gathering, you would like to know about the families
street or in the same area.The children and parents have strong ties and obligations to relationship between members of the family.
Cultural notes and term used to address members of the family.
relatives.
Nuclear family: 5. Some of the activities that family share:
It is common to support older family members, to have intensive contact with
Parents: Folks Birthdays
relatives and establish communal housing.
Father: Dad, Daddy, Pa, Papa. Annual reunions.
FAMILIAL ROLES
Mother: Mom, Mommy, Ma, Mamma. Religious and secular holidays.
In both 2 kinds of family, the role is set upon parents
Chlidren: Kids. Religious ceremonies.
Man build the house and women make it home
Extended family: Weddings.
Traditionally the male support financial for family, the female’s responsibility is:
raising children, emotional support and house keeping Grandparents: grandfather, grandpa, grandmother, grandma. Wedding anniversaries.

However gender role is change Uncle: first name or Uncle + first name Leisure activities.

Women work outside Aunt: first name or aunt + first name. Auntie Marriage, adoption, separation and divorce

Husband stay at home take care children Cousins, nephew, nieces: first names used. Marriage: is based on a agreement between the man and the woman. The marriage
ceremony may be a simple visit to city hall and can be an elaborate religious festive
Stability and change in the family Other terms for family members
celebration.
Stability: it is describe a “typical American family”. Many families have strong 2. Other terms for family members: In-law: mother-in-law, father-in-law, brother-
religious or ethnic backgrounds which continue to contribute to the preservation of the in-law, sister – in - law. Stepfamilies: stepparents, stepsister, stepbrother, half-brother,
close-knit extended family. half - sister

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Separation: couples who don’t wish to get divorced may be decide by agreement, Lesson 7: EDUCATIONAL ATTITUDES Active Participation
they are still legally married. Couples who have files for divorce are separated until the We have finished lesson 6, Educational Attitudes. Now, we will start to study Participation in the classroom is not only accepted but also expected of the student
divorce is finalized lesson 7. The objectives of this lesson, students learn the following main points: in many courses.
Adoption: the practice of adoption children exists for parents who can’t have their 1. Diversity in Education Although there are formal lectures during which the student has a passive role,
own children for parents who decide by choice not to have their own children and for many courses are organized around classroom discussion, students question and informal
2. Active Participation
single parents. lectures
3. The Teacher – Student Relationships
Divorce: either husbands or wives can apply for divorce. Child support, payment, Some professors prefer to control discussion while others prefer to guide the class
alimony, and the division of property are usually arranged by the courst or mutual 4. Independent Learning
without dominating it.
agreement between the husband and wife. 5. The Honor System
Many professors encourage students to question any challenge their ideals.
Summary 6. Competition
New educational trends have emerged in the humanities and social sciences in the
That comes to the end of the lesson. Let's summarizes the key points of the lesson 7. Cultural Notes past two decades. Students in education, sociology, and psychology classes, for example,
that you have just studied. are often required to solve problems in groups, design project, make presentations and
Diversity in Education
1. The concept of Family Values examine case studies.
Student's life at American universities is chaotic during the first week of semester.
2. Child Raising The Teacher - Student relationship
American students have to register for classes, become familiar with the building
3. Young Adulthood on campus, buy books, and so on. Teacher-student relationships are crucial for the success of both teachers

4. The Elderly and students.

International students must adapt to new classroom norms in a foreign college or

5. The Nuclear and the Extended Family university
6. Family Roles In some classrooms, students must obey their teacher‘s commands and remain
silent during a class period. In others, students may talk, eat, and smoke during lectures
7. Stability and Change in the Family
as well as criticize a teacher’s methods or contradict his or her statement.
8. Cultural Notes
The classroom atmosphere in expensive, private universities differ from that in
Thank you for attending my lesson and hope you succeed in learning. community colleges which are free and open for everyone.
State – funded universities have different requirements and expectations than do
parochial colleges
Positive teacher-student relationships draw students into the process of learning
and promote their desire to learn.
Professors have several roles in relation to student.when a teacher’s role changes
they must appropriately adapt their behavior and attitudes.
Independent Learning
Independent learning often referred to as self-directed learning, involves students
taking the initiative in recognising learning requirements and undertaking activities to
meet them.

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At one level it may involve providing pupils with “extension” work for them to Competition 1. Diversity in Education
do individually; on another level it may present students with an extended block of work Education and competition are two universal ingredients of all human cultures and 2. Active Participation
in which they must formulate strategies to accomplish the task(s). almost animals life. 3. The Teacher – Student Relationships
- Professors expect students to be able to exhaust the reference sources in the There were some forms of competition became formalized long ago in human 4. Independent Learning
library. history.
5. The Honor System
- Professors will help students who need it, but the students are not overly Nowadays, there are more and more competition.
dependent on them. 6. Competition
In-class marks towards final grades.
- In the US, besides teaching, teachers have others duties. Students obliged to 7. Cultural Notes
The opportunity to put their creativity and skill set to the test by showing off their
publish articles and books. The time that a professor spend on a student outside class is Thank you for attending my lesson and hope you succeed in learning. Don't forget
comprehensive knowledge.
limited. to do homework.
An occasion to compare their skill levels and creativity with that of students across
Honor system
the world, as well as with their own local classmates.
Ideally, the teacher-student relationship at universities is characterized by trust
A chance at winning cash and other great prizes.
The “honor system”, imposed by the teacher at the university, demands that the
Cultural Notes
student be honest in all areas of school work
During the first two years of an undergraduate education,a student must take
Thus, cheating on tests, plagiarizing in written work, presenting others’ ideas as
required courses.Undergraduates generally begin to specialize in the third year.
original and turning in homework completed by someone else are all prohibited.
The grading system usually uses letter(A,B,C,D) with corresponding grade
Violation of the honor system can result in a student’s failing a course, having a
points(4,3,2,1,0) that make up the G.P.A(grade-point average).
permanent record of the violation placed in the student’s school life, or even being
expelled from the university Professors decide their own method of grading. Some instructors use the curve
grading system.
Many students are also aware that they can jeopardize their rapport with fellow
students if they are dishonest Academic counselors are available to help students choose classes and majors and
arrange schedules.
Students who cheat may lose the respect of other students, particularly those who
study for exams and work independently Summary

That comes to the end of the lesson. Let's summarizes the key points of the lesson
that you have just studied.

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