Maharashtra state board of technical education

MuMbai
GoVernMent
PolYtechnic, solaPur.
Mechanical
enGineerinG
certificate

Certificate that this Micro-project Report

Model of a oPen cYcle Gas turbine with

intercoolinG
ROLL. Enrollment Students Name Signature of
NO. no. student
OTO 2000150457 Aditya Basalingappa Patil
03
05 2000150449 Abhinandan Sanjay Mohite
09 2000150471 Vishvas Chaurangnath Gosavi
Is the work of
The stundents of 5th semester third subject name –diploma in Mechanical engineering, 2021-22.
This report is partial fulfillment for the award of the micro-projrct Diploma in Mechanical
Engineering by MSBTE, Mumbai.

Guide Name – Prof.R.P.Polampally

Date & Sign –

HOD Principal
 certificate
Model of a oPen cYcle Gas turbine with
intercoolinG

Certificate that this Micro-project Report

ROLL. Enrollment Students Name Signature of

NO. no. student
OTO 2000150457 Aditya Basalingappa Patil
03
05 2000150449 Abhinandan Sanjay Mohite
09 2000150471 Vishvas Chaurangnath Gosavi

Is the work of
The stundents of 5th semester Subject name –Mechanical engineering, 2022-23.
This report is partial fulfillment for the award of the micro-projrct Diploma Mechanical
Engineering by MSBTE, Mumbai.
 INDEX

S . NO CONTENTS PAGE NO.

1 Acknowledgement 2

2 Introduction 3

3 Open Cycle Gas turbine 4

with Intercooling
4 CONCLUSION 10

5 REFERENCES 11
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We wish to express our profound and sincere gratitude to our guide, who
guided us into the intricacies of this micro project on a Open cycle gas
Turbine with intercooling.We are indebted to his constant encouragement,
co-operation and help. It was his enthusiastic support that helped us in
overcoming the various obstacles in this project.
We would also like to express our thankfulness to our beloved Principal,
H.O.D. and other faculty members of our Third Year Department for
extending their support and motivation.
Finally, we would be failing in our duty, if we don’t acknowledge the
cooperation rendered during various stages of this micro-project by our
group members.
Thank you.......!
 INTRODUCTION
A gas turbine is an internal combustion engine that operates with rotary
rather than reciprocating motion. Gas turbines are composed of three
main components: compressor, combustor and power turbine. In the
compressor section, air is drawn in and compressed up to 30 times
ambient pressure and directed to the combustor section where fuel is
introduced, ignited and burned. Combustors can be either annular, can-
annular, or silo. An annular combustor is a doughnut-shaped, single,
continuous chamber that encircles the turbine in a plane perpendicular to
the air flow. Can-annular combustors are similar to annular combustors,
however they incorporate several can shaped combustion chambers
rather than a single combustion chamber. Annular and can-annular
combustors are based on aircraft turbine technology and are typically
used for smaller scale applications. A silo combustor has one or more
combustion chambers mounted external to the gas turbine body. Silo
combustors are typically larger than annular or can-annular combustors
and are used for larger scale operations.
Gas turbine
The Gas turbine is a continuous internal combustion engine that works on the
principle of a Brayton cycle, In this flow of working gas continuously goes through
the following processes which are Compression, Combustion, and Expansion.

The gas turbine is founded by John Barber in 1791.

Gas turbines have a lower weight-to-power-developed ratio as compared to other

power plants hence they are smaller in size as compared to other power plants.

Gas turbines are used because of the following significances:-

1. It is smaller in size.
2. It has a Lower weight per power developed
3. No vibration occurs.
4. It can be used where problems of water availability.
5. Simple in operation.
6. Easy installation.
7. It occupies less space hence we can use it where the unavailability of a large
area.
8. Low Maintenance
Gas turbine diagram:

Classification of gas turbine:

A) Open cycle gas turbine
B) Closed cycle gas turbine
A) Open cycle gas turbine:

1) Open cycle gas turbine uses atmospheric air as a working gas & It is consists of the
three main components that are Axial flow air Compressor, Combustor or Combustion
chamber & turbine.

2) The air compressor takes the air from the atmosphere and compresses it to high
pressure and temperature.

3) The compressed air from the compressor flows to the combustion chamber, where fuel
directly mixes with the high-pressure air. Therefore fuel burning takes place inside the
combustion chamber and the high-pressure hot gases flow to the turbine expand into the
turbine and release into the atmosphere.

4) Due to high-pressure hot gases strikes onto the turbine, power is obtained at the
turbine. This power also uses to drive the compressor, for that compressor and turbine are
located onto the same shaft.

Net-work obtained = Wn = Wt – Wc

Where
Wt = Work developed by the turbine
Wc = Work to drive compressor
B) Closed cycle gas turbine:

1) Closed cycle gas turbine is consists of the four main components that are Axial flow
Compressor, Heat source, turbine & heat sink.

2) The closed-cycle gas turbine uses gases which having more specific heat & good
properties such as helium, and argon gases that has properties better than atmospheric
air, these gases are costly which needs a closed system for circulation. Hence this type of
turbine knows as a closed-cycle gas turbine

3) As compared to open cycle gas turbine, in a closed cycle extra component is used
which is a heat sink. The heat sink is one of the heat exchangers which absorbs the heat
from hot gases after expansion from the turbine.

4) Also in this type of gas turbine, a Heating source is provided to heat the gas.

5) The compressor takes the gas from the heat sink and compresses it to high pressure
and temperature.

6) The compressed gas from the compressor flows to the heating source, where the
heating source increases the temperature of the high-pressure gas, and then this high-
pressure hot gas strikes onto the turbine, expands, and flows to the heat sink.

7) Due to high-pressure hot gas strikes onto the turbine, power is obtained at the turbine.
This power also uses to drive the compressor, for that compressor and turbine are located
onto the same shaft.
5) The low pressure expands gas from the turbine further flows to the heat sink which
absorbs the heat from gases and makes it cool then this gases again flows to the
compressor.

In such a way, this cycle continues again and again.

Working cycle of gas turbine:

The gas turbine works on the Brayton cycle.

Brayton cycle consists of two isobaric and two isentropic processes.

Brayton cycle ( PV & TS Diagram):-

Processes:-

1-2:- Isentropic compression, Pressure increses from P1 to P2.

2-3:- Constant pressure heat addition process.
3-4:- Isentropic / Reversible adiabatic expansion.
4-1:- Constant pressure heat rejection process.
 Gas turbine efficiency calculation:
Work to drive compressor = (Wc) = m Cp (T2-T1)

Where
T1 = Input air/gas temperature
T2 = Compressed air temperature
Cp = Specific heat of air/gas
m = mass of air/gas

Turbine work = Wt = m Cp ( T3-T4)

Where
T3 = Temperature of air pressure at the entry of turbine
T2 = Temperature of air pressure at the exit of the turbine
Cp = Specific heat of air/gas
m = mass of air/gas

Net Work = Wn = Wt – Wc

= m Cp ( T3-T4) – m Cp (T2-T1)

Heat supplied = Qs = m cp (T3-T2)

Hence,

Gas turbine efficiency = WnQsWnQs

Gas turbine efficiency = Wt–WcQsWt–WcQs
Back work ratio of gas turbine = B.W.R. = WcWtWcWt
Work ratio of gas turbine = W.R. = WnWtWnWt
= Wt−WcWtWt-WcWt
W.R. = 1−WcWt1-WcWt
Methods to improve the efficiency of the gas
turbine:
To improve gas turbine efficiency, there are 3 methods as follows:-

1] Reheating in gas turbine

2] Intercooling in gas turbine

3] Regeneration in gas turbine

Advantages of Gas turbine:

1. Can use where the unavailability of water.
2. Less maintenance.
3. Simple operation.
4. Ease of installation.
Application of Gas turbine:
The gas turbine is used in the following applications:-

1. Marine & transport application

2. In the Aircraft
3. In the Military applications
4. Turbocharging in diesel plants.
 Conclusion
An open cycle gas turbine works by drawing in fresh atmospheric air
and compressing it using either centrifugal or axial flow
compressors. The compressor takes the atmospheric air and
compresses it through a series of compressor stages. Compressed air is
mixed with fuel once it is injected into the combustion chamber.
https://www.sfu.ca/~mbahrami/ENSC%20461/Notes/Brayton%20Cycle.pdf
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/difference-between-open-cycle-gas-turbine-and-
closed-cycle-gas-turbine
https://www.uniassignment.com/essay-samples/engineering/analysis-of-open-cycle-
regenerator-gas-turbine-powerplant-engineering-essay.php
https://www.ijert.org/research/overview-of-a-gas-turbine-and-the-different-
methods-to-improve-its-thermal-efficiency-IJERTV2IS90626.pdf