SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, AND MATHEMATICS STRAND

CAPSTONE PROJECT

TITLE OF RESEARCH (TIMES NEW ROMAN, 12. ALL CAPITAL LETTERS,

DOUBLE SPACED, INVERTED PYRAMID)

Submitted by:

Name
Name
Name
Name
Name
 Research Title (Shorten to one liner only)

TITLE OF THE RESEARCH (TIMES NEW ROMAN, 12. ALL CAPITAL

LETTERS, DOUBLE SPACE, INVERTED PYRAMID (EXCEPT FOR

SCIENTIFIC NAME IF INCLUDED)

Name of Authors: First Name MI. Surname, First Name MI. Surname, First Name MI.

Surname, First Name MI. Surname, First Name MI. Surname, First Name MI. Surname,

First Name MI. Surname

ABSTRACT

This should be accomplished last after the research is already completed from

introduction to conclusion. A well-prepared abstract enables the reader to identify the

basic content of a document quickly and accurately, to determine its relevance to their

interests, and thus to decide whether to read the document in its entirety. The abstract

concisely states the principal objectives and scope of the investigation where these are

not obvious from the title. More important, it concisely summarizes the results and

principal conclusions. The abstract must be concise; most journals specify a length,

typically not exceeding 250 words. If you can convey the essential details of the paper in

100 words, do not use 200. Do not repeat information contained in the title. The abstract,

together with the title, must be self-contained as it is published separately from the paper

in abstracting services. Omit all references to the literature and to tables or figures, and

omit obscure abbreviations and acronyms even though they may be defined in main body

of the paper.

Keywords: Important words in your study, max of 10.

INTRODUCTION

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 Research Title (Shorten to one liner only)

Times New Roman. 12. Double Having introduced the pertinent

spaced. 2 columns. This section can be literature and demonstrated the need for

as short as 4 paragraphs and should the current study, you should state

contain the Trends, Issues, Objectives, clearly the scope and objectives.

and Contributions of your study. Be

A common mistake is to
concise! Other supporting details can be
introduce authors and their areas of
included in your review of related
study in general terms without mention
literatures. Do not forget your in-text
of their major findings. For example:
citations following APA 7 edition!
th
"Parmenter (1976) and Chessman (1978)

The introduction presents the studied the diet of Chelodina longicollis

rationale behind the general question or at various latitudes and Legler (1978)

problem addressed in the study and and Chessman (1983) conducted a

prepares the reader to understand the rest similar study on Chelodina expansa"

of the paper. Usually, the work is set compares poorly with: "Within the

briefly into the context of the existing confines of carnivory, Chelodina

literature. One way to approach the expansa is a selective and specialized

introduction is to start with the general predator feeding upon highly motile prey

issues and end with the specifics of the such as decapod crustaceans, aquatic

study. bugs and small fish (Legler, 1978;

Chessman, 1984), whereas C. longicollis

An important function of the
is reported to have a diverse and
introduction is to establish the
opportunistic diet (Parmenter, 1976;
significance of your current work: Why
Chessman, 1984)". The latter is a far
was there a need to conduct the study?

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 Research Title (Shorten to one liner only)

more informative lead-in to the theme. Group your literatures depending

literature, but more importantly it will on themes relevant to your study. Make

enable the reader to clearly place the sure that the literatures that you use are

current work in the context of what is within five years of publication (at least

already known. from 2016-2020), unless the information

is from historical accounts. Do not forget

The introduction can finish with
your in-text citations following APA 7th
the statement of objectives or hypotheses
edition! A particular theme can be
to be tested or, as some people prefer,
consisting of multiple review of
with a brief statement of the principal
literatures.
findings. Either way, the reader must

have an idea of where the paper is METHODOLOGY

heading to follow the development of the

Times New Roman. 12. Double
evidence.
spaced. 2 columns. Even the source of

REVIEW OF RELATED your methods should be cited. Do not

LITERATURE forget your in-text citations following

APA 7th edition! This section describes

Times New Roman. 12. Double
the procedure you used to address the
spaced. 2 columns. This section must
questions or problems presented in the
include review of literatures and must
introduction. It should include enough
support your claims in the introduction.
detail for someone else to replicate the
Whatever claims or argument you
relevant parts of the work; the scientific
present in your introduction, support
method requires that your results be
them in this section. This section should
reproducible, and you must provide a
not be divided by literature, but by

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basis for repetition of the study by supplemental nitrogen using a t-test.”)

others. Be sure to provide taxonomic

The usual order of presentation
information about the study organisms if
of methods is chronological. However,
not introduced earlier (genus and
related methods may need to be
species, written Genus species). Where
described together and strict
relevant, describe the following:
chronological order cannot always be
sampling equipment, location of study
followed. As a general rule, use the past
(think about including a map), the dates
tense in the methods.
over which data were collected, duration
Show your materials and
of sampling periods, time of day samples
methods section to a colleague. Ask if he
were taken, and any arbitrary criteria you
or she would have difficulty in repeating
used to make particular assessments or
your study.
measurements (if you categorized lizards

as small, medium and large, what were RESULTS

the approximate size ranges of each of
those classes?). If you used
complicated experimental or sampling
apparatus, it might be a good idea to
include a schematic drawing. It is a good
idea to introduce the type of statistical
analysis you used in the methods as well.
(For example, “I compared the growth of
seedlings growth with and without
Times New Roman. 12. Double
a spaced. 2 columns. In the results section
you present your findings: display items
(figures and tables) are central in this
section. Present the data, digested and
condensed, with important trends
extracted and described. Because the
results comprise the new knowledge that
you are contributing to the world, it is

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important that your findings be clearly for example (Fig. 1) and (Table 1). All

and simply stated. Do not interpret the figures and tables must be referred to in

results (this belongs in the discussion), the text. For example, “Seedlings

just report them. receiving nitrogen supplements grew

faster than controls (Fig. 1).” When

reporting means, also include an

The results should be short and sweet.
estimate of variance, preferably standard
Do not say "It is clearly evident from
deviation (SD) or standard error (SE).
Fig. 1 that bird species richness
This means error bars on figures or an
increased with habitat complexity". Say
extra column in a table. See the sections
instead "Bird species richness increased
at the end of this article for tips in
with habitat complexity (Fig. 1)".
preparing figures and tables.

However, don't be too concise.

When reporting statistical results,
Readers cannot be expected to extract
present the result first in a clear sentence
important trends from the data unaided.
followed by the relevant statistics in
Few will bother. Combine the use of
parentheses. For example, “Ant species
text, tables and figures to condense data
A collected significantly larger seeds
and highlight trends. In doing so be sure
than ant species B (t = 2.1, d.f. = 25, P =
to refer to the guidelines for preparing
0.05). Use the word ‘significant’ only
tables and figures below. In general,
when referring to statistical results. If
graphs have greater impact than tables.
your measurement was accurate to 1

Figures and tables must be mm, do not report it as 219.00 mm. The

numbered separately and sequentially, number of significant digits for means

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and SD is equal to the number of digits rewriting the results; the results are

of the raw data (if the measurements presented in the results section,

were 219, 225, and 233, then mean = explained in the discussion. Cite figures

226, SD = 7.02). and tables as evidence for your argument

when relevant. It is not necessary to give

DISCUSSION
an exhaustive list of every conceivable
Times New Roman. 12. Double
explanation for your results; present only
spaced. 2 columns. The last part of this
plausible explanations. Do not extend
section will be your CONCLUSION, no
your conclusions beyond those that are
need for a separate section for it. In the
directly supported by your results.
discussion you should discuss what
A brief paragraph of speculation
principles have been established or
about what your results may mean in a
reinforced; what generalizations can be
general sense is usually acceptable, but
drawn; how your findings compare to
should not form the bulk of the
the findings of others or to expectations
discussion. Be sure to address the
based on previous work; and any
objectives of the study in the discussion
theoretical/practical implications of your
and to discuss the significance of the
work.
results. Don't leave the reader thinking
When you address these
"So what?". End the discussion with a
questions, it is crucial that your
short summary or conclusion regarding
discussion rests firmly on the evidence
the significance of the work.
presented in the results section. Refer
REFERENCES
briefly to your results to support your

discussion statements but avoid

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List all your references following APA Author(s) [or editor(s)]. Year. Title.

format 7th edition Publisher name, place of publication.

Number of pages.
Make sure to get information from

trusted sources only. Eusebio, M.A. 1999. Pathology in

Forestry. Ecosystems Research and

You can get information from websites,
Development Bureau, DENR, College,
but they should be credible. Ex.
Laguna. 521 pp.
WHO.org, UN-FAO.org, Harvard.edu,

PSA.gov. DO NOT GET Baconguis, S. (ed.). 1999. Climate

INFORMATION FROM EDITABLE Change and Water Quality of Rivers.

SITES SUCH AS WIKIPEDIA! Bookman Publishing, Inc., Quezon Ave.,

Quezon City. 342 pp.

Please format references as follows:

Chapter of book
Journal article

Author(s) of chapter. Year. Title of

Author(s). Year. Article title. Journal
chapter. In editors of book. Title of
title. Volume number (issue number):
book. Publisher, place of publication.
inclusive pages.
Inclusive pages of chapter.
Marquez, E.R., L.Calanog, S. Pader and
Dunbar, R. I. M. 1986. The social
M. Aparente. 1998. Interplanting trees
ecology of Gelada baboons. In
and cash crops as a method of
Rubenstein, D. I. and Wrangham, R.W.,
controlling soil erosion. Sylvatrop,
editors. Ecological Aspects of Social
10(2):45-52.
Evolution. Princeton University Press,

Book Princeton. Pp. 332-351.

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Paper in a proceedings 1993, UP College of Forestry, Los

Baños, Laguna, Philippines. Pp.12-30.

Author(s) of paper. Year. Title of paper.

In editors of proceedings. Title of Thesis or dissertation

publication or name of conference or

Author. Date of degree. Title [type of
both, inclusive dates, place of
publication], Location of Institution:
conference. Publisher, place of
Institution granting the degree. Number
publication. Inclusive pages of paper.
of pages.

Uriarte, M.S., M.R. Reyes and F.D.

Gonzales, L.S. 1985. Stand density as a
Virtucio. 1994. Growth and yield
function of different cutting regimes of
equations of dipterocarp stands in
Bambusa vulgaris. Ph.D. dissertation.
Northern Luzon, Philippines. In Gomez
UPLB College of Forestry, College,
E.D., editor. Proceedings of the National
Laguna. 159 pp.
Forestry Research Congress, 21-25 April

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