CPU AND CPU SOCKETS JANELLA’S

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CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT SYSTEM ON CHIP (SoC)

★ the brains of the computer ★ a chip that packages the CPU

- “speed and performance” ; faster the alongside other components.
processor = faster the comp - dedicated CPU for mobile devices,
- CPU = Central Processing Unit tablets and netbooks
- also known as processor or
microprocessor
CPU’S STAGES
- one of the most important pieces of
hardware in any digital computing
system ★ a CPU takes instructions from a
- part of other modern devices program or application and performs a
- completes calculations by utilizing its calculation.
billions of transistors [runs the
software that allows a device to 1. Fetch - A CPU fetches the
perform its tasks] instruction from RAM
2. Decode - Decodes what the
INSIDE A CPU: thousands of microscopic instruction actually is
transistors — tiny switches that control the flow 3. Execute - Executes the
of electricity through the integrated circuits. instruction using relevant parts
of the CPU.
COMMON ADVANCEMENT: making those
transistors smaller and smaller → MOORE’S - the executed instruction, or
LAW calculation, can involve basic
arithmetic, comparing numbers,
performing a function, or moving
founder of Intel
numbers around in memory
Corporation
predicted that “the
number of
CPU COMPONENTS
transistors per
integrated circuit
would double every 1. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) - which
Gorden Moore 18 months. performs simple arithmetic and logical
operations.
2. Control Unit (CU) - which manages the
various components of the computer.
3. Cache - which serves as high-speed
memory where instructions can be
copied to and retrieved

CPU AND CPU SOCKETS

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WORKING OF THE MICROPROCESSOR

1. Accepts data
2. Processes data
3. Sends output data
4. Stores data

AMD Ryzen Threadripper Pro 5995WX

OTHER VENDORS:
- Apple
- VIA
- SiS
- Qualcomm
- Mediatek
CPU MANUFACTURER
CPU SOCKETS

2 MAJOR VENDORS FOR CPUs

★ purposely designed to hold a central
Intel – Integrated Electronics processing unit (CPU).
- designed with thousands of pins or
contact points for power and data
transfer between the CPU and the rest
of the processors on the motherboard.

EARLY DAYS:
- all processors had the same set of pins
that would connect the CPU to the
motherboard = PIN GRID ARRAY
AMD – Advanced Micro Devices
(PGA)

SOCKET 7
- these pins (PGA) fit into this socket
layout.
- meant that any processor would fit into
any motherboard.

CPU AND CPU SOCKETS

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TODAY:
- Intel and AMD use a variety of PGAs
and LGAs, none of which fit into Socket
7
- as microprocessors advance, they
need more and more pins, both to
handle new features and to provide
more and more power to the chip

* anyone who already has a specific CPU in

mind should select a motherboard based on
that CPU.

* CPUs simply will not fit into sockets that don't

match their PGA/LGA. Intel and AMD design set
of sockets. Each of these sockets supported a
certain range of processors

INTEL CPU SOCKETS AND COMPATIBLE

PROCESSORS

LMAOOO PAGPRININT TO DI BASABLE

REMEMBER: Always get the same MoBo

socket for your CPU.
AMD CPU SOCKETS AND COMPATIBLE
PROCESSORS
TYPES OF CPU SOCKET

1. PIN GRID ARRAY (PGA)

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- a zero insertion force (ZIF) socket
where there are thousands of metallic
pins on the CPU that will connect to
the CPU socket with thousands of pin
gaps that match each of the CPU pins.
Zero Insertion Force (ZIF) - no pushing force
needed when placing the CPU, unlike PCIe
cards or memory chip socket.
- AMD uses the PGA style for most of
their CPUs today due to several
reasons and advantages
2. LAND GRID ARRAY (LGA)
- a CPU socket type where the metallic
pins are located at the socket on the
motherboard
- the CPU is designed with flat gold
contact pads located on the bottom of
the CPU.
- made out of grids of pins = cost
cheaper when replacing the
motherboard
- Intel converts their CPUs from PGA to
LGA back in 2002 for various reasons
and advantages of LGA style
3. BALL GRID ARRAY (BGA)
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- a CPU socket type that requires
soldering the CPU on the CPU socket
during installment using tiny solder
dust the create a stronger bond and
permanent link between the CPU and
the CPU socket.
- less recommended style especially for
personal setup due to its complex
installation process.
- more commonly used in laptops,
mobile devices or testing applications
that use
- CPU without pins and soldered the
processor right on the motherboard.
PGA LGA BGA
zif flat gold soldered
contact pads
CPU COOLING SYSTEM
1. Air Cooling – Fan
- involves huge heatsinks with many fins
that conduct the heat from the CPU
- require a fan to blow away the heat
because the heatsink alone is not
enough to cool down the CPU.
- both the fan and heatsink are placed
on the top of the CPU socket, attached
to the special mount around the CPU
socket.
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SOC VS. SOCKET CPU SYSTEMS

2. Liquid Cooling – Fan

SOC SOCKET CPU

slightly bigger but requires separate

with much more components for each
functionality function that
eventually will eat up
- the liquid cooling system cools the more space
CPU with water flowing to the CPU
water cooling block that dissipates
SoC stands for systems-on-chip is an integrated
heat from the CPU to the water.
circuit that contains CPU, GPU, RAM,
- involve more mechanical parts than air
peripherals interfaces, and more that are all
cooling systems such as water pumps,
configured into a single silicon chip.
reservoirs, radiators, etc.
- the most expensive cooling solution
among these three.

3. Passive Cooling – Fanless

- Currently, the latest huge leap for SoC

is the Apple M1 chip that is integrated
on MacBook laptops
- implement a fanless design, naturally
dissipating the heat from the CPU to GUIDELINES IN CHOOSING A CPU
the outer enclosure of the computer
that passively cools the CPU.
1. Desktop Processors
- the heatsink is made out of highly
★ created for desktop and laptop
conductive material such as aluminum
computers
and copper that conduct the heat to
- built a little differently to handle the
the extruded heavy-metal enclosure
needs of desktop computer users.
that protects the internal component
- they are able to offer a higher thermal
while dissipating the heat.
tolerance
- more compatible with overclocking.

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2. Mobile Processors
★ created for tablet PCs and mobile
devices such as smartphones.
- tend to be slower and have less power
than desktop processors, mainly to
conserve battery power.
- offers Wireless Display technology
(WiDi) - allows the wireless
transmission of media files to a
television
3. Server Processors
★ built for high reliability
- put through stressful conditions such
as higher temperatures and high
computing loads
- have “failovers” – where standby
equipment automatically takes over
when the main system fails – such as
dual CPU servers. They are also
designed to operate at much higher
frequencies, enabling them to process
more data.
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COMMON FEATURES TO CONSIDER IN
CHOOSING A CPU
1. Cores
- Multi-core processors have become
more popular as their availability has
become increasingly common and
software has been designed to utilize
multi-core technology.
- as more cores are integrated into a
processor, those cores are able to split
up the processor’s tasks. This makes
the processor faster and more
efficient.
2. Cache
- a processor’s cache is similar to the
memory of a computer.
- a processor’s cache is a small amount
of very fast memory that is used for
temporary storage.
- allows a computer to retrieve the files
that are in the processor’s cache very
quickly.
- larger a processor’s cache = more files
it will be able to store
3. Socket Compatibility
- enables the interface between a
motherboard and its CPU. if a
motherboard has already been
acquired, make sure that the processor
installed is compatible with the
motherboard’s socket.
4. Integrated Graphics Processing Units
(GPUs)
- designed to perform the calculations
related to graphics.
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- If the computer will be used for
graphics intensive software and
programs, then a CPU with an
integrated GPU will likely not perform
as needed.
5. Frequency
- measured in hertz (Hz), is the speed at
which it operates.
- good indication of how quickly a
processor can perform, it is no longer
the only factor that impacts the actual
speed of a processor.
6. Thermal Design Power
- Processors generate heat. The thermal
design power specification assigned to
a CPU explains how much heat the
processor is going to give off.
Overheating - is a primary danger to a
computer’s componentry.
FAQ
1. Is a Socket and a CPU the same thing?
- No, a socket or CPU socket or CPU slot
is a specific place on a motherboard
that holds CPU processors in place.
CPU or central processing unit is the
multicore processor that executes
instructions when running computer
programs
2. How do I check my CPU Socket type?
- There are different ways to check your
CPU socket type, the easiest way is to
check on the motherboard printed on
the CPU socket indicating the
compatible CPU type. Another way to
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check is to visit Intel’s Product
Specification Page (ARC) on the
“Identify you Intel Processor” site. Or
you can just use a third-party CPU
database site to check your CPU
socket type.
3. Can I put any CPU in my
motherboard?
- No, you cannot install a random CPU
on your motherboard because the
CPU’s shapes, sizes, number of pins,
chipset, etc. are not all the same, their
variation changes a lot of time.
- Doing quick research for a compatible
CPU chipset for your desired CPU can
save you from the unnecessary cost of
switching the CPU or CPU socket to
the right one. Although the CPU can
physically connect to the CPU socket,
it doesn’t necessarily mean they are
going to work.
4. What is the most common CPU
Socket?
- The most common CPU sockets are the
PGA and LGA socket types. Intel uses
mostly LGA socket type for their CPUs
and AMD uses PGA for most of their
CPUs. Some AMD CPU sockets also
utilize the LGA socket type such as the
Socket sTRX4/Socket SP3r3 for AMD
Ryzen Threadripper CPU series.
CPU AND CPU SOCKETS