UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

(PERAK)

DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING

BUILDING SERVICES ENGINEERING I

BGN223

MECHANICAL VENTILATION

Lecturer
Puan Noor Sahidah binti Samsudin

Semester March-July 2020

GROUP : AP1162A
No. Name Matric No.
1. Muhammad Qawiem bin Kasim
2. Muhammad Syahir bin Mazlan
3. Nur Adila Nazuha binti Anuar 2019306691
4. Sarah Nur Dini binti Mohd Yusri 2019546681
CONTENTS PAGE NO

Table of contents I
List of figures II
Acknowledgement III
Abstract IV

CHAPTER 1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction x
1.2 Objectives x
1.3 Scope of Study x
1.4 Methodology x

CHAPTER 2.0 CASE STUDY

2.1 Introduction to Case Study x
2.2 The operation/process of building services
based on Mechanical Ventilation x
2.3 Related specification of the system under
British Standard (BS) and Malaysian Standard (MS)
(Related Building Law, Local Authorities’ Regulation.) x
2.4 Problems and Solutions x

CHAPTER 3.0 CONCLUSION

3.1 Conclusion x
3.2 Recommendation x

REFERENCES

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1a Map view of Bota, Perak Darul Ridzuan x
Figure 1b Satellite view of Seri Iskandar, Bota, Perak x
Figure 2a Map view of Bota, Perak Darul Ridzuan x

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Alhamdullillah, praise to Allah, the Most Merciful, the Most Graceful.

We would like to extend our heartfelt gratitude for the guidance, advice and help rendered
throughout the semester by the following group of amazing individuals. First and foremost,
we would like to thank our lecturer Encik Wan Akmal for the opportunity given in enabled us
to learn and develop our understanding, knowledge and the theory involved in building
construction process moreover about the main topic we are studying which is Finishes
Assessment. It is an honor for us to be given the opportunity to gain knowledge from you.

We would also like to extend our deepest appreciation to the members of the classroom who
are directly involved in our case study. We value the time, effort, encouragement and ideas
that they have contributed towards the successful completion of the assignment given, this
report and the valuable knowledge that have been shared through the semester.

Last but not least, our special thanks to our beloved parents for their sacrifices over the years.

Thank you so much.

ABSTRACT
Mechanical Ventilation is included in one of building services engineering system.
Mechanical Ventilator is a ventilating machine that helps patient breath when undergoing a
surgery. This report and case study is conducted to increase the comprehension of building
services engineering system on the basics of Mechanical Ventilation. This case study is also
to make people clear on describing the different modes of Mechanical Ventilation and to
discuss on several physical therapy clinical implications related to mechanical ventilation and
weaning process. Mechanical Ventilation is indeed a very important service system even
more so inside a hospital building..

CHAPTER 1.0
 INTRODUCTION

1.2 Objectives

The objectives of this case study are:

 To understand about the use and appliance of mechanical ventilation inside a

building.
 To know about the main components of mechanical ventilation system.
 To learn about the adjustment of ventilator settings to improve oxygenation and
ventilation as indicated.
 To educate about the specification approved by British and Malaysia Standard by
Law.

1.3 Scope of Study

Bota, Perak, is the location of the required propose for building services system for a new 777
bedded of 7-Storey Private Hospital complete with 3 level of basement parking which is
going to be built. Bota or also known as Berahman Indera by old folks, is a mukim in Perak
Tengah District. As it is divided by the Perak River, it comprises two geographical areas
which called Bota Kiri and Bota Kanan. Below is the outline of whole Bota, Perak.

Figure 1a; Map view of Bota, Perak Darul Ridzuan

The exact location of the conducted project is at latitude 4.360748, 100.946200. The location
is near the Akademi Memandu, Seri Iskandar, Bota, Perak, Darul Ridzuan.

Figure 1b; Satellite view of Seri Iskandar, Bota, Perak Darul Ridzuan

CHAPTER 2.0
2.1 Introduction of the Case Study

For our project to build a new private hospital that have 777 bedded of 7-Storey Private
Hospital complete with 3 level of basement parking which to be built in Perak Tengah is
located at Bota, Perak. This area are suitable to build a new hospital, because it have a large
area and it is specified with the feature of the building that we want to build which is contain
777 bedded of 7-Storey and complete with 3 level of basement parking. According to this
specification it should be built in a large area to fulfil the requirements of this building. Other
than that, it is a strategic area, because near with residential area, and also with Uitm Seri
Iskandar. Society that living in this area do not need to go to the hospital that located in
Manjung because it is somewhat far from Seri Iskandar.

Figure 2a; Map view of Bota, Perak Darul Ridzuan

For building services system chosen that is suitable for this hospital is mechanical
ventilation. Mechanical ventilation systems are considered to be reliable in delivering the
designed flow rate, regardless of the impacts of variable wind and ambient temperature. As
mechanical ventilation can be integrated easily into air-conditioning, the indoor air
temperature and humidity can also be controlled. Filtration systems can be installed in
mechanical ventilation so that harmful microorganisms, particulates, gases, odours and
vapours can be removed. The airflow path in mechanical ventilation systems can be
controlled, for instance allowing the air to flow from areas where there is a source towards
the areas free of susceptible individuals. Mechanical ventilation can work everywhere when
electricity is available. There are some of the main components of mechanical ventilation
system:

 Fan
- It impacts the static pressure or energy and velocity or kinetic energy to provide the
movement of air with the motive power. A fan's ability for air development relies on
upon its qualities, for example, sort, estimate, shape, number of sharp edges and
speed. Other than that, there are four classifications off an reasonable for
air development in ventilation frameworks, which are cross-stream, propeller, hub
stream and radial.

 Filters
- Filters are utilized to evacuate suspended particles, smells and
contaminants. Installation of the filters normally took place at the inlet grille.

 Ductworks
- The ductworks are responsible for the channeling of the air outside towards indoors
or the indoor air towards outside. It is typically delivered in circular, rectangular or
square cross-sections in a few distinct materials.

 Fire dampers
- The function of fire damper is to prevent the spreading of fire from a room
to another room when there is a fire accident occurred in a sudden. It is
normally installed in the compartment wall.
  Diffusers
- The diffusers extend from straight forward punctured plated and grilles to the air
distribution which is more mind boggling and productive coned. The diffuser
and grille are situated at the ductwork edge where the air can discharge into the
room without much of a stretch.

There are three types of mechanical ventilation system which is natural inlet and
mechanical extract, mechanical inlet and extract combined and mechanical inlet and natural
extract. For this hospital we use mechanical inlet and extract combined. This provides the
best possible system ventilation, but it is the most expensive and is used for many types of
building. Other than that, the basement park is also use the mechanical ventilation.
Mechanical ventilation is required in the hospital to help with the poor air circulation inside
the building as the windows cannot always be opened, thus it will lead to the spread of
bacteria and viruses in the ward.
2.2 The operation of building services based on topic

A) Plan

Figure 2b; A plan of mechanical inlet and extract combined

 B) Application

Figure 2c; Application for the Hospital Ward

Hospital Ward

i. Activities produce odour or polluted air.

ii. Negatives pressure required within the space.

iii. Extract system - 10% to 20% higher than supply system.

a)
C) Reference

Figure 2d; Examples of application to other types of building

2.3 Related specification of the system under British Standard (BS) and Malaysian
Standard(MS). Related Building by Law, Local Authorities’ Regulation.)

UBBL 41 . Mechanicals Ventilation and Air-Conditioning.

 Where permanent mechanical ventilation or air-conditioning is intended, the relevant

building by-laws relating to natural ventilation, natural lighting and heights of rooms
may be waived at the discretion of the local authority.

 Any application for the waiver of the relevant by-laws shall only be considered if in
addition to the permanent air-conditioning system there is provided alternative
approved means of ventilating the air-conditioned enclosure, such that within half an
hour of the air-conditioning system failing, not less than the stipulated volume of
fresh air specified here in after shall be introduced into the enclosure during the period
when the air-conditioning system is not functioning.

 The provisions of the Third Schedule to these By-laws shall apply to buildings which
are mechanically ventilated or air-conditioned.

 Where permanent mechanical ventilation in respect of lavatories, water-closets,

bathrooms or corridors is provided for and maintained in accordance with the
requirements of the Third Schedule to these By-laws the provisions of these By-laws
relating to natural ventilation and natural lighting shall not apply to such lavatories,
water-closets, bathrooms or corridors.
 CHAPTER 3.0

CONCLUSION

3.1 Conclusion
3.2 Recommendation

The evaluation of the used of service of Mechanical Ventilation has been conducted
for specifications that has been approved by British Standard (BS) and Malaysia Standard
(MS) Related Building by Law, Local Authorities’ Regulation. From the aspects of the
objectives of this case study conducted, the scope of the study on the hospital building to be
built, the methodology, the process of the of services based on Mechanical Ventilation and to
the problem and solutions has been completely clarified on the previous pages. Indeed the
impact of ventilation machine is very useful and essential towards the health and clinical
industry as it is divided into three types of mechanical ventilation system which is natural
inlet and mechanical extract, mechanical inlet and extract combined and mechanical inlet and
natural extract.

It is highly recommending for hospital building to use the mechanical inlet and extract
combined as it provides the best system of ventilation and worthy with the expensive rate. As
this ventilation machine helps with the poor air circulation inside then building, it is very
essential to the use in the hospital.
REFERENCES

 Pallav Rai (2017) Overview of mechanical ventilation and nursing care

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slideshare.net
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care&psig=AOvVaw3KjGwf8d3PuNyM9nGxsyJ5&ust=1593246825467000&source
=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCPD4-oqJn-oCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAR
 Alain Broccard & John Marini (2015) Basic mechanical-ventilation
https://www.slideshare.net/Medicine-Surgery/basic-mechanicalventilation
 Dang Thanh Tuan (2010) Mechanical Ventilation
https://www.slideshare.net/dangthanhtuan/mechanical-ventilation-3599873
 Freddie Aziz Jasbindar (2019) Sejarah, Cerita Bota Kiri dan Bota Kanan
https://www.orangperak.com/sejarah-cerita-bota-kiri-dan-bota-kanan.html
 Academia (2016) Building Service 2 (BLD 60503) Case Study on PJ Trade Centre
https://www.academia.edu/32834900/BUILDING_SERVICES_2_BLD_60503_CAS
E_STUDY_ON_PJ_TRADE_CENTRE
 Slideshare.net (2017) Introduction to Ventilation in Building
https://www.slideshare.net/ramuvelusamy/ventilation-70976295
 Slideshare.net (2013) Ventilation system
https://www.slideshare.net/NooruleInieOsman/ventilation-system-
25941705#:~:text=MECHANICAL%20INLET%20%26%20NATURAL
%20EXTRACT%20%EF%83%91,and%20certain%20types%20of%20factories
 Issu.com (2018) Building Services System
https://issuu.com/aimunikhalidah/docs/reeeeeeport
 Slideshare.net (2006) Uniform Building By Laws
https://www.slideshare.net/JoshuaLee68/ubbl-1984-pdf
