Context clues are words that appear in sentences to help understand
the meanings of difficult words.
Context clues are of different types:
1. by Definition - the unfamiliar word is defined in a sentence.
2. by Synonym - a similar word is placed in the same sentence to know
the meaning of the unfamiliar word.
3. by Antonym - an opposite word is placed in the same sentence.
4. by Comparison - a similar word with the same meaning of the
unfamiliar word is placed with an object to be compared.
5. by Example - samples are provided in the sentence to understand
the meaning of the unfamiliar word.
6. by Explanation - a description is given to understand the meaning of
the unfamiliar word.
7. by Cause-Effect - the meaning of the difficult word depends on the
cause-effect relationship of other words as expressed in the sentence.
8. by List or Series of clues - to understand the meaning of the
unknown word, it is included in a series of words given in a sentence.
9. by Inference - to understand the meaning of the unknown word,
one has to make a guess based on the description given in the
sentence.
A bibliography is taken from the Greek word ‘biblion’ which means
‘book’ and ‘graphia’ which means ‘to write.’ A bibliography contains
an alphabetical list of sources like books, periodicals, and websites
used by the writer or researcher.
The three main citation styles are the following:
The American Psychological Association (APA) Style which is used in
social and behavioral sciences.
The Modern Language Association (MLA) Style which is used for
writing papers on literature and related subjects like theater or film.
The Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS) which is often used in many
academic fields, especially in the humanities and social sciences.
Print Sources. These are sources that have been published in printed
format, such as books and periodicals.
Online Sources. These refer to any materials or information taken
from the internet. Other terms for online sources are ‘electronic
sources’, ‘web sources’ and ‘internet sources.’
Modal Verbs are auxiliary or helping verbs which modify or change the
meaning of the main verbs.
You use modal verbs in giving advice or suggestions, in making
requests, or in giving predictions and prohibitions.
Transition signals are words and phrases that connect ideas of
sentences and paragraphs for coherence. They also indicate building
up new idea or thought or compare
ideas or draw conclusions.
Transition signals can be used within a single sentence, between two
different sentences, paragraphs, or even between paragraphs to
achieve coherence or unity of ideas.
Common Types and Functions of Transition Words:
1. Comparison/Contrast points out alternatives or differences
2. Chronology helps define time:
3. Cause/Effect - shows the consequences of an action:
4. Illustration/Example add emphasis or introduce evidence:
5. Addition adds information or reinforces ideas:
6. Clarification shows support:
7. Qualification presents conditions or intentions:
8. Summary/Conclusion restates ideas:
Context clues are words that appear in sentences to help understand
the meanings of difficult words.
Context clues are of different types:
1. by Definition - the unfamiliar word is defined in a sentence.
2. by Synonym - a similar word is placed in the same sentence to know
the meaning of the unfamiliar word.
3. by Antonym - an opposite word is placed in the same sentence.
4. by Comparison - a similar word with the same meaning of the
unfamiliar word is placed with an object to be compared.
5. by Example - samples are provided in the sentence to understand
the meaning of the unfamiliar word.
6. by Explanation - a description is given to understand the meaning of
the unfamiliar word.
7. by Cause-Effect - the meaning of the difficult word depends on the
cause-effect relationship of other words as expressed in the sentence.
8. by List or Series of clues - to understand the meaning of the
unknown word, it is included in a series of words given in a sentence.
9. by Inference - to understand the meaning of the unknown word,
one has to make a guess based on the description given in the
sentence.
A bibliography is taken from the Greek word ‘biblion’ which means
‘book’ and ‘graphia’ which means ‘to write.’ A bibliography contains
an alphabetical list of sources like books, periodicals, and websites
used by the writer or researcher.
The three main citation styles are the following:
The American Psychological Association (APA) Style which is used in
social and behavioral sciences.
The Modern Language Association (MLA) Style which is used for
writing papers on literature and related subjects like theater or film.
The Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS) which is often used in many
academic fields, especially in the humanities and social sciences.
Print Sources. These are sources that have been published in printed
format, such as books and periodicals.
Online Sources. These refer to any materials or information taken
from the internet. Other terms for online sources are ‘electronic
sources’, ‘web sources’ and ‘internet sources.’
Modal Verbs are auxiliary or helping verbs which modify or change the
meaning of the main verbs.
You use modal verbs in giving advice or suggestions, in making
requests, or in giving predictions and prohibitions.
Transition signals are words and phrases that connect ideas of
sentences and paragraphs for coherence. They also indicate building
up new idea or thought or compare
ideas or draw conclusions.
Transition signals can be used within a single sentence, between two
different sentences, paragraphs, or even between paragraphs to
achieve coherence or unity of ideas.
Common Types and Functions of Transition Words:
1. Comparison/Contrast points out alternatives or differences
2. Chronology helps define time:
3. Cause/Effect - shows the consequences of an action:
4. Illustration/Example add emphasis or introduce evidence:
5. Addition adds information or reinforces ideas:
6. Clarification shows support:
7. Qualification presents conditions or intentions:
8. Summary/Conclusion restates ideas: