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  • Perception

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    Chirag Aggarwal
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    Perception is how individuals organize and interpret sensory information to understand their environment. People's behavior is based on their perceptions, not objective reality. Factors like the perceiver's attitudes, the target's characteristics, and the context influence perceptions. Person perception, judging others, is important in organizational behavior. Initial impressions and cues strongly shape our views of others' moral character. Attribution theory examines how we attribute behaviors internally or externally based on perceived controllability. Common errors like the fundamental attribution error and self-serving bias distort these attributions. When judging others, shortcuts like selective perception, halo effects, contrast effects, and stereotyping can influence perceptions beyond objective realities. These shortcuts can impact organizational processes like interviews,

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    Perception is how individuals organize and interpret sensory information to understand their environment. People's behavior is based on their perceptions, not objective reality. Factors like the perceiver's attitudes, the target's characteristics, and the context influence perceptions. Person perception, judging others, is important in organizational behavior. Initial impressions and cues strongly shape our views of others' moral character. Attribution theory examines how we attribute behaviors internally or externally based on perceived controllability. Common errors like the fundamental attribution error and self-serving bias distort these attributions. When judging others, shortcuts like selective perception, halo effects, contrast effects, and stereotyping can influence perceptions beyond objective realities. These shortcuts can impact organizational processes like interviews,

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    7 views1 page

    Perception

    Uploaded by

    Chirag Aggarwal
    Perception is how individuals organize and interpret sensory information to understand their environment. People's behavior is based on their perceptions, not objective reality. Factors like the perceiver's attitudes, the target's characteristics, and the context influence perceptions. Person perception, judging others, is important in organizational behavior. Initial impressions and cues strongly shape our views of others' moral character. Attribution theory examines how we attribute behaviors internally or externally based on perceived controllability. Common errors like the fundamental attribution error and self-serving bias distort these attributions. When judging others, shortcuts like selective perception, halo effects, contrast effects, and stereotyping can influence perceptions beyond objective realities. These shortcuts can impact organizational processes like interviews,

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 1

    Perception

    A process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions to give meaning to their environment.
    Why perception is important in OB?
    Because people’s behavior is based on their perception of reality and not the reality itself.
    Factors influencing perception
    1. Perceiver: who is doing the perception (Ex different people will have different opinions on the same matter based on their perception) Factors in the
    perceivers are
    a. Attitudes
    b. Motives
    c. Interests
    d. Experience
    e. Expectations
    2. Target: The characteristics of the target can also affect the perception. These factors include
    a. Novelty
    b. Motion
    c. Sounds
    d. Size
    e. Background
    f. Proximity
    g. Similarity
    3. Context: Based on the context/ situation also the perception may vary. The various situations are
    a. Time
    b. Work setting
    c. Social setting
    Person Perception: Making Judgments about others
    The concept most relevant to OB is person perception or the perceptions of people about each other. Initial Impressions and small cues play a major role in that,
    but our strongest impressions based on how we perceive the moral character of others.
    Attribution Theory
    An attempt to explain the ways we judge people differently, depending on the meaning we attribute to a behavior, such as determining whether an individual’s
    behaviour is internally or externally.
    Internally caused behaviours are those an observer believes to be under the personal behavioural control of other individuals.
    Externally caused behaviour is what we imagine the situation forced an individual to do.
    3 things to be Observed when determining external or internal behaviour 1. Distinctiveness, 2. Consensus, 3. Consistency

    Errors and Bias distort attribution, the common ones are


    Fundamental attribution error: Underestimating external factors and overestimating internal factors when making a judgment.
    Self-serving Bias: Attributing success to internal factors and failures to external factors.
    Common Shortcuts in Judging Others
    Selective perceptions: The tendency to choose to interpret what one sees based on one’s interests, background, experience and attitudes.
    Halo Effect: Considering a person as good based on their single characteristic.
    Horns Effect: Considering a person as bad based on their single characteristic.
    Contrast Effect: Evaluating a person’s characteristics by comparing it with other people we recently met who may have better or poor characteristics than the
    person.
    Stereotyping: Judging someone based on the group they belong from.
    Specific Applications of Shortcuts in Organizations
    Employment Interview
    Performance expectations
    Performance Evaluations

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