Fundamentals of Manufacturing

Processes
(ENG 005)
Lecture No. 6

Preparatory Year,
Faculty of Engineering,
Fayoum University
Dr. Ahmed Ibrahim Abdel-Aziz
Lecturer, Mechanical Engineering Dept.,
Faculty of Engineering, Fayoum University 1
Measurements

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 Measurement
Procedure in which an unknown quantity is compared
to a known standard, using an accepted and consistent
system of units.
• Measurement provides a numerical value of the
quantity of interest, within certain limits of accuracy
and precision.

Measurements

Inspection
Tools Devices Instruments
Gauges
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 Measuring Tools

Steel Rulers Flat Steel Square

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 Measuring Devices

Filet and Radius Gauge Screw Pitch Gauge

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 Measuring Instruments

Measuring Instruments

Vernier Dial
Caliper Micrometer
Caliper Indicator

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 Measuring Instruments
1- Calipers:

are generally of two types inside and outside to

make internal or external measurements.
They do not have direct scale reading. They
transfer the measurement from a job to scale or
vice versa.. 7
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 Measuring Instruments
2-Vernier Calipers:

are generally measure accurately inside, outside

and depth.
They have direct scale reading.
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Video

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• The vernier caliper has two main parts which has the
scales that the measurements are read from.
• The main beam: this is the non moving part of the unit
and contains the main scales, and sub scales..

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Video

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Reading the Vernier Scale

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 How to measure?
➢ The jaws faces are the contact
surfaces.
➢ The object set between them
and locked on it.
➢ A vernier caliper is read at the
point were the sub scale
identical with the main scale..

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Reading the Vernier Scale

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 Measuring Instruments
3- Micrometers:

• A micrometer is a mechanical device designed to

measure distances as small as 0.01 mm.
• The micrometer is used with different types and sizes
of frames to provide precise measurements of many
different objects.. 26
 Measuring Instruments
3- Micrometers:
Micrometer

External Internal Depth

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 Measuring Instruments
3- Micrometers:
How to measure?
➢ The anvil face and the spindle
face are the contact surfaces.
➢ The spindle and thimble turn
together.
➢ The ratchet/friction stop
improves the repeatability of
measurements.
➢ A micrometer caliper is read at
the point were the thimble
edge crosses the barrel scale.. 28
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 Measuring Instruments
3- Reading the Micrometer:

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Reading the Micrometer

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Exercises

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Exercises

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Exercises

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 Measuring Instruments
4- Dial Indicators (Dial Gauge):
Dial indicators are generally used
for testing flatness of surface
and parallelism of bars and rods.
Dial indicator has an accuracy of
0.01.
They have direct scale reading..

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 Inspection Gauges

Inspection gauges are commonly employed to avoid

costly and lengthy process of testing the component
dimensions.
These gauges are basically used for checking the size,
shape and relative positions of various parts.. 37
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