1.

a. Pmaks yang terjadi

𝑣 𝑀𝑦 .𝑥 𝑀𝑥 .𝑦
Pmaks = 𝑚 .𝑛 + 𝑛𝑦 .∑𝑚𝑎𝑘𝑠
𝑥2
+ 𝑛𝑥 .∑𝑚𝑎𝑘𝑠
𝑦2
500 20 x 1,5 10 x 0,9
Pmaks = 6
+ 2 x (1,52 +1,52 ) + 3 x (0,92 +0,92 )
Pmaks = 88,519 ton

b. Efisiensi Pondasi
m = 3, n = 2, D = 0,5 m, s = 1,5 m
𝐷
Ɵ = tan−1 𝑠
0,5
Ɵ = tan−1 1,5
Ɵ = 18,435

(𝑛−1)x m+(m−1)x n
Eg =1−[ 90 x m x n
]θ
(2−1)x 3+(3−1)x 2
Eg =1− [ 90 x 3 x 2
] 18,435
Eg = 0,761
= 76,1 %

Daya Dukung Pondasi

i) Metode Mayerhoff
Tahanan Ujung
L = 19 m
D = 0,5 m
̅ = 20+40 = 30
N 2
 Lb
Qb ̅) x
= Ab x (38 x N ̅ x Ab
≤ 380 x N
D
19
= ¼ x π x 0,52 x (38 x 30) x 0,5
≤ 380 x 30 x ¼ x π x 0,52
= 8505,862 kN ≤ 2238,385 kN (YANG DIAMBIL)

Tahanan Gesek
- Kedalaman -1,0 m sampai -10,0 m (Df = 9 m)
N = 10
1
fs1 = 50 x 𝜎𝑟 x N60
1
= x 100 x 10
50
= 20 kN/m2

- Kedalaman -10,0 m sampai -20,0 m (Df = 10 m)

N = 20
N60 = 15 + ½ (N – 15) = 15 + ½ (20 – 15) = 17,5
1
fs2 = x 𝜎𝑟 x N60
50
1
= x 100 x 17,5
50
= 35 kN/m2

Qs1 = Df x As x fs1
= 9 x π x 0,5 x 20
= 282,743 kN

Qs2 = Df x As x fs2
= 10 x π x 0,5 x 35
= 549,779 kN

Qstot = Qs1 + Qs2

= 282,743 + 549,779
= 832,533 kN

Qu = Qb + Qstot - Wp
= 2238,385 + 832,533 – (¼ x π x 0,52 x 19 x 25)
= 2977,652 kN

ii) Metode Reese & O’Neill dan Wright

Tahanan Ujung
Qb = 57,5 x N x Ab
= 57,5 x 40 x ¼ x π x 0,52
= 451,604 kN

Tahanan Gesek
- Kedalaman -1,0 m sampai -10,0 m (Tanah Lempung Kelanauan)
Su1 = 7,5 x N = 7,5 x 10 = 75 kPa
α1 = 0,55 , Su ≤ 150 kPa
 Qs1 = α1 x Su1 x As
= 0,55 x 75 x π x 0,5 x 9
= 583,158 kN

- Kedalaman -10,0 m sampai -20,0 m

Su2 = 7,5 x N = 7,5 x 20 = 150 kPa
α2 = 0,55 , Su ≤ 150 kPa

Qs2 = α2 x Su2 x As
= 0,55 x 150 x π x 0,5 x 10
= 1295,907 kN

Qstot = Qs1 + Qs2

= 583,158 + 1295,907
= 1879,065 kN

Qu = Qb + Qstot
= 451,604 + 1879,065
= 2330,669 kN

c. Penulangan
d = h – P – Ø sengkang – ½ D
= 1000 – 75 – 10 – ½ (22)
= 904 mm
c = 500 mm
f’c = 35 MPa
Pu = 500 ton
Pmaks = 88,519 ton

Cek Geser 2 Arah

i) Geser 2 Arah di Sekitar Kolom
bo = 4 (c + d) = 4 (500 + 904) = 5616 mm

Nilai kuat geser pons 2 arah untuk beton adalah nilai terkecil :
1+2
Vc1 = 0,17 ( ) λ √𝑓′𝑐 𝑏0 d
𝛽𝑐
1+2
= 0,17 x ( ) 1 x √35 x 5616 x 904
1
= 15317917,56 N
= 15317,918 kN

𝛼𝑠 xd
Vc2 = 0,083 x ( 𝑏0
+ 2) λ √𝑓′𝑐 𝑏0 d
40x904
= 0,083 x ( 5616 + 2) 1 x √35 x 5616 x 904
= 21037085,98 N
= 21037,086 kN

Vc3 = 0,33 x λ x √𝑓′𝑐 𝑏0 d

= 0,33 x 1 x √35 x 5616 x 904
= 9911593,716 N
= 9911,594 kN (YANG DIPILIH)
 Maka :
Φ Vc = 0,75 x 9911,594
= 7433,696 kN > Vu = 500 ton = 5000 kN (OK!)

ii) Geser 2 Arah di Sekitar Tiang Pancang

bo = 2 (h + h/2 + d/2) = 2 (1000 + 1000/2 + 904/2) = 3904 mm

Nilai kuat geser pons 2 arah untuk beton adalah nilai terkecil :
1+2
Vc1 = 0,17 ( ) λ √𝑓′𝑐 𝑏0 d
𝛽𝑐
1+2
= 0,17 x ( 1 ) 1 x √35 x 3904 x 904
= 10648352,95 N
= 10648,353 kN

𝛼𝑠 xd
Vc2 = 0,083 x ( 𝑏0
+ 2) λ √𝑓′𝑐 𝑏0 d
40x904
= 0,083 x ( 3904 + 2) 1 x √35 x
3904 x 904
= 19517188,48 N
= 19517,188 kN
Vc3 = 0,33 x λ x √𝑓′𝑐 𝑏0 d
= 0,33 x 1 x √35 x 3904 x 904
= 6890110,731 N
= 6890,111 kN (YANG DIPILIH)

Maka :
Φ Vc = 0,75 x 6890,111
= 5167,583 kN > Vu = 500 ton = 5000 kN (OK!)

Asumsi tidak menggunakan tulangan geser pada pondasi.

i) Desain terhadap lentur
Mu = 2 x Pmaks x (x – c/2)
= 2 x 88,519 x (1,5 – 0,5/2)
= 221,298 tm
= 2212980000 Nmm
𝑀𝑢
Rn = ∅ 𝑏 𝑑2
2212980000
= 0,9 x 4000 x 9042
= 0,752

0,85 f′c 2 𝑅𝑛
ρperlu = 𝑓𝑦
[1 − √1 − 0,85 𝑓′𝑐]
0,85 x 35 2 x 0,752
= 400
[1 − √1 − 0,85 x 35]
= 0,0019

Asperlu = ρperlu x b x d
= 0,0019 x 4000 x 904
= 6870,4 mm2
 Asmin = 0,0018 x b x h
= 0,0018 x 4000 x 1000
= 7200 mm2

n = Asmin / A
= 7200 / (1/4 x π x 222)
= 18,941 ≈ 19

Sehingga digunakan 19D22 atau D22 – 200. Berikut adalah sketsa penulangannya.

2.
a. Gaya – gaya yang Terjadi dan Tinggi Timbunan Kritis
Tinggi Timbunan Kritis
γ1 = 1,7 t/m3
Ø = 30⁰
c = 1,2 t/m2
∅
Ka = tan2 (45° − 2)
30
= tan2 (45° − 2
)
= 0,333
qcr = 5 kg/cm2
Nk = 15 – 25 (dipilih 25)

𝑞𝑐𝑟 5
Cu = = = 0,2 kg/cm2 = 2 t/m2
𝑁𝑘 25

Nc = 5,7

𝐶𝑢 x Nc 2 x 5,7
Hcr = 𝛾 = 1,7
= 6,706 m
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑏𝑢𝑛𝑎𝑛

𝐻𝑐𝑟 6,706
Hizin = = = 2,235 m
𝐹𝐾 3

Gaya Lateral yang Terjadi

Pa1 = q x H x Ka x L
= 1,2 x 6 x 0,333 x 9
= 21,578 ton
Pa1
Pa2 = ½ (γ x H x Ka – 2 x c x √Ka) x H x L
= ½ (1,7 x 6 x 0,333 – 2 x 1,2 x √0,333) x 6 x 9
Pa2
= 54,315 ton

ΣH = Pa1 + Pa2
= 21,578 + 54,315
= 75,893 ton

ΣM = Pa1 x 6/2 + Pa2 x 1/3 x 6

= 21,578 x 3 + 54,315 x 2
= 173,364 tm
𝑣 𝑀𝑦 .𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑘𝑠 𝑀𝑥 .𝑦
Pmaks = 𝑚 .𝑛 + 𝑛𝑦 .∑ 𝑥 2
+ 𝑛𝑥 .∑𝑚𝑎𝑘𝑠
𝑦2
900 173,364 x 1,5
= 3x6
+ 3 x (1,52 +1,52 ) + 0
= 69,263 ton
 𝑣 𝑀𝑦 .𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑘𝑠 𝑀𝑥 .𝑦
Pmin = 𝑚 .𝑛 − 𝑛𝑦 .∑ 𝑥 2
− 𝑛𝑥 .∑𝑚𝑎𝑘𝑠
𝑦2
900 173,364 x 1,5
= 3x6
− 3 x (1,52 +1,52 ) − 0
= 30,737 ton

b. Daya Dukung Tiang Pancang

m = 3, n = 6, D = 0,45 m, s = 1,6 m
𝐷
Ɵ = tan−1 𝑠
0,45
Ɵ = tan−1 1,6
Ɵ = 15,709

(𝑛−1)x m+(m−1)x n
Eg =1−[ 90 x m x n
]θ
(6−1)x 3+(3−1)x 6
Eg =1− [ 90 x 3 x 6
] 15,709
Eg = 0,738
= 73,8 %

i) Metode Mayerhoff
Diasumsikan kedalaman tiang pancang = 20 m, Ø = 0,45 m
Tahanan ujung
qc tinjau : 4Ø ke atas = 4 x 0,45 = 1,8 m (H = 18,2 m, qcr = 70 kg/cm2)
1Ø ke bawah = 1 x 0,45 = 0,45 m (H = 20,45 m, qcr = 180 kg/cm2)

qcr = (70 + 180) / 2 = 125 kg/cm2 = 1250000 kg/m2 = 1250 t/m2

Qb = qcr x Ab
= 1250 x ¼ x π x 0,452
= 198,804 ton

Tahanan Gesek
5
Qs1 = fs1 x As1 = 200 x 10 x (π x 0,45 x 10) = 3,534 ton
30
Qs2 = fs2 x As2 = 200
x 10 x (π x 0,45 x 5) = 10,603 ton
70
Qs3 = fs3 x As3 = 200
x 10 x (π x 0,45 x 5) = 24,740 ton

Qstot = 3,534 + 10,603 + 24,740 = 38,877 ton

Qu = Qb + Qs
= 198,804 + 38,877
= 237,681 ton
𝑃 900
Pizin = 𝐸𝑔 = 0,738 = 1219,512 ton

P𝑢 237,681
FK =P = 1219,512 = 0,195
izin
ii) Metode Cara Umum
Kb = 0,75
Ks = 0,75
H = 20 m
qc = (150 + 180) / 2 = 165 kg/cm2 = 1650 t/m2
JHP = 1200 kg/cm2 = 12000 t/m2

Pu = Kb x qc x Ab + Ks x JHP x O
= 0,75 x 1650 x ¼ x π x 0,452 + 0,75 x 12000 x π x 0,45
= 12920,266 ton
𝑃 900
Pizin = 𝐸𝑔 = 0,738 = 1219,512 ton

P𝑢 12920,266
FK =P = 1219,512
= 10,595
izin