SELECTED TOPICS

FINAL REPORT
DESIGN BRIDGE

BY: AHMED YASSIN ABDULLAH

.CIVIL ENGINEERING DPET
4TH STAGE
For the reinforced concrete bridge system shown in figure
below find the following:
1. Design the critical section for the slab.
2. Design the critical section for the interior girder of span II.
3. Design the critical section for the exterior girder of span II.
Consider the span length in meters and the live load according to the
data shown in the following table.

Useful Data:
Asphalt weight 1 KN/m2
Handrail weight = 1 KN/ m
fc’ = 𝟐𝟓 𝐌𝐏𝐚, 𝒇𝒚 = 𝟒𝟏𝟎 𝐌𝐏𝐚, ɤ𝐜 = 𝟐𝟓 𝑘𝑁/𝑚3
Live Load = HS 15 L = 10 m

Section A-A

Profile and section in the bridge

Profile and section in the bridge
 1.Slab Design
a) Loading and moment
1. Dead load
KN
W D =0.25× 25+1=7.25
m2

W D S 2 7.25 ×22 KN . m
M D= = =2.9
10 10 m

2. Live load
3.285 S+ 2
M L= P15 for HS15 P=54 KN
32
( 3.28× 2 ) +2 KN . m
M L= ×54 ×0.8=11.556
32 m

3. Impact load
15.24 15.24
I= ≤ 0.3→ =0.38>0.3
S +38.1 2+ 38.1
Use I =0.3
KN . m
M I =I × M L=0.3× 11.556=3.467
m
KN . m
M T =M D + M L + M I =2.9+11.556+3.467=17.923
m

b)Check d req

f c =0.4 f 'c =0.4 × 25=10 MPa

f s=170 MPa when f y =410 MPa>350

f s 170 Es 200000
r= = =17∨n= = =8.457
f c 10 E c 4730 √ 25
n 8.457
K= = =0.332
n+ r 8.457 +17
K 0.332
J=1− =1− =0.889
3 3
 2M 2× 17.923× 1 06
d req =
√ f c KJb√=
10 ×0.332 ×0.889 ×1000
=110.205 mm

Use ∅ 16
16
d avial =250−25−20− =197 mm>d req ∴ok
2

c) Find main reinforcement ( A ¿ s

M 17.923 ×1 06 mm 2
A s= = =601.996
f s J d 170 × 0.889× 197 m

Use ∅ 16 bars ( A b=201 mm 2 )

201
Spacing=1000× =333.889 mm
601.996
Use ∅ 16 @ 330 mm c /c ( top∧bottom ) main. reinforced

d)Find distribution reinforcement ( A sd ¿

2.2 A s
A sd= ≤0.67 A s
√3.28 S
2.2× 601.996
=517.088>0.67 ×601.996=403.337
√ 3.28× 2
mm 2
Use A sd =403.337
m

Use ∅ 12 bars ( A sb=113 m m2 )

113
Spacing=1000× =280.163
403.337
Use ∅ 12 @280 mm C /C bottom reinforce
Use ∅ 12 @560 mm C /C topreinforce for shrinkage∧temperature

2.Interior Girder Design

a)Girder Dimension
 L

{ 4
b f =min 16 t+b w
Lc1 + Lc 2
2
+b w

11

{
=2.75
4
b f = 16 × 0.25+ 0.3=4.3
2+2
+ 0.3=2.3
2

Use b f =2.3 m

 
250mm

 
750 mm

b)Loading and moment

1. Dead Load
KN KN
[
W D = ( 0.3 ×0.75+ 0.25× 2.3 ) m2 ×25
m 2][
+ 2.3 m ×1 2
m ]
KN
W D =22.3
m

For Span І:
 22.3 KN/m

∑ M A =0=( 22.3× 10 ×5 )−10 B y =0 → B y =111.5 KN ↑

For Span ᴨ:

111. 5 KN

We find Reactions and Max. Moment in Span ᴨ

∑ M D=0=−( 111.5 ×11 )−( 22.3 ×11 ×5.5 )+ ( C y ×10 )
C y =257.565 KN

∑ F y =0=−111.5− ( 22.3× 11) +257.565+ D y

D y =99.235 KN

Now find Max. Moment by Bending Moment Diagram (BMD)

 Max . Positiv Moment =220.798 KN . m@ 6.55m
Max . Negtive Moment =122.65 KN . m@1 m

2. Live Load
Truck loading → D . F=?
Clear width=7.2 m

¿ table 1.1 D . F=0.66 S , S Max =3 m

Sclc =2.3 m<3 m

∴ D. F=0.66 ×2.3=1.518
HS 15−44(Truck Loading)
 

13.5KN 54KN 54KN

For Positive Moment:
Case1
 

13.5KN 54KN 54KN

6.55 m

∑ M d =10 C y −( 54 ×8.72 ) −( 54 × 4.45 )=0

C y =71.118 KN ↑

∑ F y =71.118−54−54+ D y =0
D y =36.882 KN ↑

Find M

4.45 m 36.882

M −( 36.882 × 4.45 )=0

M =164.125
Case2
 

13.5KN 54KN 54KN

6.55 m
∑ M d =¿−( 13.5× 8.72 )−( 54 × 4.45 ) −( 54 ×0.18 )+10 C y =0 ¿
C y =36.774 KN ↑

∑ F y =36.774−13.5−54−54+ D y =0
D y =84.726 KN ↑

Find M
54KN

4.45 m 84.726 KN

M + ( 54 × 4.27 )− ( 84.726× 4.45 ) =0

M =146.451 KN . m
M =Max ( 164.125 ,146.451 )
∴ M Max =164.125 KN . m

M L =D . F × M Max =1.518 ×164.125=250.66 KN

 3. Impact Load
15.24
I= ≤0.3
l+ 38.1
15.24
¿ =0.31>0.3 ∴Use I =0.3
11+38.1
M I =0.3 ×250.66 KN . m=75.198 KN .m

M T =M D + M L + M I

M T =220.798+250.66+75.198=546.656 KN . m

c) Find main reinforcement ( A ¿ s

32
d=1000−40−12− =932 mm
2
6
M 546.656× 10
A s= = =3984.664 m m2
h 250
f s (d− f ) 170 (932− )
2 2

Use ∅ 32(A b=804.248m m 2)

3984.664
No .of bars= =4.955
804.248
Use 5 ∅ 32
b req =2× 40+2 ×12+3 ×32+2 × 40=280 mm< 350 mm∴ ok

3. Exterior Girder Design

 a) Loading and moment
1. Dead Load
W D =W D ¿ ∫ + Add . wt

¿ 22.3+1+ ( 0.5 ×0.25 × 25 )=26.425 KN /m

For Span І:
26.425 KN/m

∑ M A =0=( 26.425× 10 ×5 )−10 B y =0→ B y =132.125 KN ↑

For Span ᴨ:
132 .125 KN

We find Reactions and Max. Moment in Span ᴨ

∑ M D=0=−( 132.125 ×11 )−( 26.425 ×11×5.5 )+ ( C y ×10 )
C y =305.209 KN

∑ F y =0=−132.125−( 26.425× 11) +305.209+ D y

D y =117.591 KN

Now find Max. Moment by Bending Moment Diagram (BMD)

Max . Positiv Moment =261.642 KN . m@6.55 m

Max . Negtive Moment =145.34 KN . m@ 1 m

2. Live Load