Co00ective Bangaining and its panms.

1Explain
Colective 8a9hgaínína is phocess in whtch the
a
A1L Jabous O9ani sotion and
nepiegentatfves of a
businegS OJiqonisotion meet
h e siepiesentotives of
and attempt negotíate a contSnoct on ogheem ent
o
which specipfeies the natusne of"employee - employe1-
unfon Sielatonship, Tt is concesned not only with
the negotíotfon of a foimn al 9abousn oqmeemnent
between
but adso witm the day-to- d a dealings
management and h e uníon.
At the outset t should be stated that these iS a gneat
deal oF vaíotfon 1n tme collective bod1gaininG
pactices ionGind fhom an înfosmal Oial oeenem
to vesy famal and detai9ed aggeement
Collective Basgainin toRes me pollOw{na fom8
be
Stogle plant basigaíning > Basgatofna may
between a stngle t a d e unfon. Thís type of
collecfve baqainina phevails in the uS and Tndia
be
2 multiple plot bodia0ining Basiaainíng may
haung sevesia& plants and
between establíshmEnt
the wOSReSS employed fn
a d t h e s e p0ants

multHple employes bagaínin9 Banqaínin between

a the tnode unions OF wOHRESg in the some
1ndusty though thete pedena Ogonizations
and the employess gedesnatíon.

in india, collecive bangatnío has been claseíHEd

undes followin9 cateq0ies-
oSie
1 Bipoatite Aqheement Rese aqneements
dnawO up fn voduntoiy negofation between
monagement and union. ugu a l y me o g 1 e e m e t
Sheached by the bipontHte aq1eementt volumt0íly
hos the somme binding faice as settemet
Seached 1n concilfatfon pioceedingS
 2Setement > I t is tanipasntíte în natugne becauge
ugu t s eached conet.fafon and if
at by duíng
he pocess op conctif afon , the coneii atfon opafeas
peels that thene is possibiNTtY of neochina a
settement, he withdMawg himgelf aom h e scene.
Tmen the panties a e to ffnasi se the tesims of
ageement.

Con sent ANOnd Hese the neaotiatfon takes plocee

between the pakes when dfspute is actua00
pendin bepoe one of the compulsoY
adfudicatesy authanítfes ond the agneemet iS
eached voluntontly between the pasitfes.Tnu
the
no1ough tme aqpheementt, t becomes pat of
bfnding awohd phonounced by an authaSnitu
constituted foN the
puposee.
2 pescíbe the asigin of tmade union in n d i a .
Section 2 h ) op the Taade Untong Act 1926 has
A2
defned a tiade union as a n y combinatíon
whethesn temponon p e m a n e n t , f0nmedS
pimasity- po the pupose of hegulatng the
Shel ations between woRmen and
employens
aSbetween wOHRmen and wahRMen 0n between
employeSMs and emplogesS a pan imposina
Shestaicfve conditHons on the conduct oe any tade
09n business and ineludes
an pedesiotfon of
wo as mane tnade unions.
TRe emenaence of tsade uníonismn in India was
fnpluenced by a host of pactas8. TndustatAisatíon
staSted sate in Indtq, I t was aftes 1950 thot
J.oge scase industies stoted comí08 uP.

Beinning of thade uníon movement

n 1815, a peN phiRanthnopists e d by shi
S0habjee shohpunjee eeng0i stabted an agitation
to dhawN the attention of tme gONt tonahds the
need of eislotíve measusies to photect child ond
women Jaboun in
paStíeul aSn.
Shei Nadnayan Lokhandey emeiged Og the fiHst aobous
eadeS fo India. He tooR 1nftiative 1n aionisin
photestS against h e p o a wonRinG conditiong
phevailinS in facta.nies. He set up the A s t
wOnResS O a n igatíon to India which wag enowO
"
as the Bombay mi Hands ASSoCiatfon".
TFe assocfation Submítted a choten op demond bepobe
the g o t whích announced the appointmemt of
Facto9y Commission in 1690 which ed to the
oimatíon of the Tndion Foctoy
Act 891 of
with the tusn of the centuSi SOme fmpotantt
thade unfons w e e fosimed. The e d i t of
fonmíne
the 19t industsia Q uníon goes to ShSú BP wadia
who
aGantsed Textíle Labous Union to Mad1as 1918
Totennatíonad Laboun ogantsatíon was set up 10 1919
Becau se of he thode unionfem 3phead acosg India.
In 1920, Au INdía Tade union conghess wag
establf shed. An impatont Landmair of tn0de
unioniem wa9 the
enoctmet of Tade union
Act in 1926. This act 30ve e g a l statug to the
nefstesed tade unons.
n 1942, the 0 t decided to set up a tipaditite
machineSy as a notionad countenpart op the ILO
poh discusston on .abouoi matteS. Rist Indtan
Labeu Confeience_was held fr NeW Delhi fo Aua
1941
Aptes Lndíalg independene tn igHT Indiao
Tade union CAmendment) Act \9u
the
Tndustsaial Employment act 1946 the
Tndustia fAct weje the most
,
Bombay
1mpantant
measuones fom the tnade unton potnt op vtew.
 Discuss pmeventtve machingsn to cheek t n d u s t n i a
3
disputes tn Indía.

Industsía Disputeis Sett&ement machinenies-

A3
mediatfon- I t fS a phocess ovaílable to the paarties
nvolved in contiact negoiotfons by which an

ts cailed tn by unfon and monogemert

outsf de pont-
each a setHememt.TRe neutJna
them
to help fspute, the
medtaton doe usmatety n e s o l v e
not
towands
fnstead t f e s to move thé poovtfes
but and
maintainfng communícatfon
ogmeement by to dead SocRed
a d t e i n a t í v e solutions
Sugesfng
9Sues.
nepJnesentatives
Coneilíatfon- Tt is a phocess by whfeh
2) togethe
op wanRehs and employens ae bOught
a thisd pesson a a ghoUp of pessons
befane a mutuall-
t h e m to c o m e to
with Q view to pesuade
satistng aqneemet
conciliatron
Voluntosily Anbitan ation
-when
3 to s e t t e the dfspute , t h e
coneilfatiopn
phoceedings fat to
pensuade the conplfcting poJvties
oFfice mag
t h e dispute to a thind posrty
votuntos n e fesn
A n b i t n a t e n , appoioted by
t h e patrties
R n O w n as
Sfstens to t h e viewpotts
themeeleveg. The asbítoiatoSn
and deltens an a w a h d a n fudgement
of botth pobHeS
on the dfspute.
Adudieation- Adfudicatíon an compulsasny
A
anbitnoti on ts the u0fmate nemedy pan the
dtsputes fn ndia, conststs of
settenent of
the tntesventfon of a
setttng dfsputes though
The Industita
thid posty appointed by h e govt.
des thnee- tiesn
Disputes Act 1941 piovf
namel Loboun Courts,
adiudfcatí on machiney
Tibunals and Nationa TSibunats.
Industia
Q4
Q4 Exp0ain the níghts op tnode unton f why do waReS
totn t a d e uníon ?

A Aestejned tiade uníon con spend t s punds on

solofes op ofptce beabiens » phosecutfon, depence
ete f a pmotecfng 1ts i a d e unfon ights , to
pioude compensatfon to membens, Jev 3ubseipfor,
Fees publish peaiodtcals ete.
most fmpodrtont, a neistesied unfon Con clom
paotecfon fhom betng phosecuted fon Sgitimate
thade unfon actfifes. Thfs pnotectfon s unde
sectíon 120 B subsectí on 2 of the zPC.
NOSRes fofn thade uníons to achíeve cejtain
obectives-
1) G9eaten Bobigainina PouNen The ndivídua
emploHee possesses v e y ttHe basgoinin POwen
as composied to his employes1. The betten cOui se fon
him fs to jofn o unton whích cam taRe concesrted
actions aqoinst the emplojesn.
2 MaRe thein vofces h e a n d - A thada unfon pnovídeg
a fosium whene a NONREST con expnegs his peelfnas
and views.

3minimtseDiscniminatíon- Thene ame chances of

povousitsm în favoub of some employees and
dfsctmínatfon agoinstt o t h e s . A thada unfon con
compel the monagemernt to gosimulate such polfcfes
whfch Phegs po equatJ
4Sense of pootícípatíon-THe employees com poavtfcipate
n management of mattess appectina thetn totensts

only 1f het 3ofn tiade unfon

53ense of secusiity- Fe employees moy jofn the

unfons ecause of thets belfef thot tt ts an
eFfective woy to seeDe adequate photectfon o m
vonious tpes of hazAds.
Q5 wte a shostt note on -

ay Industantal Democsacy
Tsade Union
6TpeS of
A5 a)Industsía Democsiacy
The concept of industhial democ acy 1s an extension
of the concept of demochacy to the spheie of
ndugtnfad actvíty. I t fs the democ aeg in the

industtOD Lettch hag depíned indu t f a l

waLd. John
democsacy os the anqanisation of any-factOs
othen busineSS inshtufon into a d i H e demoomatiC

State with a epnesentatfve qovt whfch sha00 have

both tme egislative and executive phaseg.
has
I n the same potífcaQ demociacu
manneSn a s
convesrted subjects înto citfzens , with f g h t of 3elf-
deteiminatíoD ond self- 9ovesinment, 1ndustal
emociacy ConveSTts the woiReNg Fom tne mene
înto
Subjects obeyin the the
ahdeis of employeis,
with taht to
cttigeng of the indugtifol wasild, a

1.e. Sepesentotíve pautieipation

e l f - detenmfnatíon
in maRín9 u l e s . ThiS fs a0so caled waskens
in t h e modein cotext
Pasuticipatíon in managem errt

Ts1ade uníon
b Tupes of
-

1) Chaft Unio0- ULua0y fonmed of wosiReSs

I t iS

to h e some cSiaft oceupation 0 ,

oeonging
mattesn 1n w h a t industny_ an
speci aisation no
tnade hey happen t b e employed. Thus,
electaíeions +hough wonkina n diffenent
unfOn of etectíefons only.
fndustsies may fom a

CasveT's A s o c i a t i o n and
The I n t e s i n a t i o n a l Wood
Indian Pisotls Guidd may be cited as examples
he
of choaft u n í o n g .
2 I n d u staifal Union- An industnTad unfon aiganfses
wORes on the basts of n d u s t y natha thon a
cnapt. I f the enttie obouoi fOice op cotton
textHe p a c t o i dectdes to f o i m a unfon consistina
ofNOSnReis of dtefenent i a f S , the unfon is
colled on fndust>ifa unfon
al
5)henejnol Union-A Aeneia union embJiaceg
wOResNS n tS fold whateven t h e t 1ndustoy ah
chapt may be. he Jamshedpuh Labous union ,whose
membenship 1neludes woiReHS engaqed tn di ppeent
industi es and cao fts of Jamshedpun, is an exomple
unfon.
of a genesial
extennal pactong that
Explain vaníous 1ntesnal ond

appect the tndustaíal nelatfons ?

Industsal nelatfon is concesined with the systemsS,

u l e s and poceduShes used by- unfons and
the newoJnd san epfost
employehs to d e t e h m í n e
and othe condítiong Of employment, t o pnotectt
the intesests o f the employed and thein emplogens
in which employehs
and to hegulate tme ways
tSeat theh employees.
intenad as well os extennal,
Two sets of faetog ,
fnPiuence fndugtHía nelatíens.

The inteina factahs ane

to employees & un+Ons.
1 Tie aHitudes of management
to monagement
2 he atftudes of employees
the unfons
The pmesent and futuie stength of
*heSe s one dominatín9 unfon
to whích
4) The extert
othe of multíple
exfstenco
uníons leadtoa to
intes-unfon Síva9S1
5 he effectiveness Of managesnsS and supenvísans
fn dealtna with pioblems and disputes.
*Theextesinad facteNs aie-
TRe mitoncy of unfong natOnasly On loca09
THe epfectiveness of any notionad 0n Aecal
phocedu9ie agheements that may exíst.

3TRe extent to which basgain rs codted out.

4 THe eprectiveness of employess associotfon
s) The efeectiveness of me uníon and itS ofpiCials.