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LOND ON

THE V A NITY OF H UMA N ISHE S

N O TE S , H I S TOR I CA L ér' B I OGR A PH I CA L , 694 4 GL OS S A R Y

I . P FLE M I N G,
. MA . .
, D CL . . .

W A N A LY S I S A D V A N C E M E N T O F LE A R N I NG
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AU TH OR or 0? BA co N s ,

A E X A M I N AT I O N Q U E S T I O N S
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S ir J O H N H A K I N S, 1 7 8 7 .
 O H N S ON S S A TI R E S
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DR J .

I N T R O D U C TI O N .

TH E m o s t s tri k i n g figu re in the s oci al and l it e rary hi s tory

o f the p e rio d fr o m 1 709 to 1 78 4 was th at Of S A M U E L

J O H N S ON H is c ar e e r was pre e m i n e n tl y th at Of a man o f

.

l e t t e r s an d th e sl o w an d la bo r iou s e ffo r t s by w hich , in

s pi t e o f e v e ry ob s t a c l e , p e rs o n al as w e ll as ma t e r i al h e
,

r ai se d hi m se lf to the high e s t i n t e ll e ctu al s up r e m acy,

p re se n t a s p e ct a c le e qu all y i n s tructiv e to u s an d ho n our
ab l e to hi m . H e was born in 1 709 th e s o n Of a l e arn e d
,

b u t poo r and s t r uggl i n g p r ovi n ci al book se ll e r in Lich

fi e ld an d he e x hibit e d , fr o m his v e r y chi l dho od , the s a me
s i ngu l ar u n io n Of m e n t al po w e r an d co n s titutio n al i n d o

l e n c e , am bi t i o n an d hypoc ho ndr i a c al gl oo m , w hich d is

t ingu ishe d hi m t h r ough l i fe . H e was d i s figure d and hal f
b l i nde d by a s cro fu l ou s d i s o rd e r, w hich s c arre d and
d e fo rm e d a fac e an d figure n atu rall y i m p o s i ng, an d at
the s am e ti m e a f fl icte d hi m w ith s tr an ge an d i n vol u n t ar y
co n tortion s, re acti ng al s o upo n his m i n d and t e m p e r, and
mak i ng hi m s o m bre , d e s po n d e n t, an d i r rit a b l e I n the
.

B
 2 I n trod u ction .

variou s hu m bl e e m i r i w h r h r c iv d hi s arl y s na es e e e e e e e

e d uc a tio h u fa i l i gl y too k th fi r t p la c
n, e n d b i g n e s e an e n

i t d b y a b v ol t p atro w ith th m a f tu d y
as s s e e ne en n e e ns o . s

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n ec arri d to P m b r ok C oll g
n e s , e e e e e e .

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,
n nt hi s ag s a s e a e a e .

H r h r m ai d a bout th r y r r m rk bl fo r th
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r ough s a d u couth s f h i ma rs a d le
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ne s n n ne s o s nn e n no ss

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,

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s pirit o f i d p d c w hich m d hi m r j ct w i t h
n e en en e, a e e e

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n y f r f a i ta c
f n an Th to ry f hi
O e o ss s n e . e s o s

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n a pi t y ne s e s, s e o ne

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, s n ,
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n s n, n e se s O s s s an c e

no t b i g ful fi ll d h was ob l ig d to l
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e ee n e e n er s ea n

20 1 a his s h ar
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s use , or e ro u e e n e ne s

s o n, ad t r d upo th h a r d c r r f t ch r a d
n en e e n e a ee o ea e n

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s e n s n a s . s ess n s

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es n e s e un e e s n, s n e,

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e e a e o s n n a e e n s,

a dn ft r u ucc s fu lly att m pti g to k p a

a e ns es choo l e n ee s

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se a a , ne c e , e e an a e en s

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e a n n n n e n

t hi r t y y ars e .

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e n e n ns a n

F A TH E R LO B O S Tr v l i Ab y i i a ; but h i hop s of
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a e s n ss n
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s ucc s s m e ti g w i t h l ittl but d i a ppoi t m t h d t r

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m i d to la u ch up
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e e e n n n n

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l ly u couth a d fo r bi d d i g x t r ior
ar n n J O H N S ON t r d n e e . en e e

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an es e O se e e

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n

s hort ll k i d o f hu mbl l i t ra ry w ork a d ul ti mat l y s up

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pl i d r port fth p roc d i g s i P arl i am t though th

e e s o e ee n n en ,
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na m s o f th p k r i b d i
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re n d r d it p al to r pro d uc th d b at s w r d i gui d
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tmd i m gi ary ti tl
er a n es .

H fi r t m r g d i to popu l r ity i
e s e e 7 3 8 b y th pub
e n a n 1 e

li ati
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p ara phra r p r o d uctio o f th Tl m S ti r f

se or e n e
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e a po t to th gl ct fl tt e r i Lo d o
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s e e e n s n n e e

n 2
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s h o m d hi m a h m d to a pp ar t th t b l Of hi
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se v r ho ty Of p i cip l Th r i om t hi g a ff c t i g
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n e f thi gr a t a d e o o bl m i d l b o u r i g
s e n n e n a n on

t h ro ugh toi l a d d i t r whi h wo u ld h v c ru h d m o t

n s e ss c a e s e s

m and w hich th o ugh i t ro u gh

e n, d hi m
,
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fi d hi hu m a i t y a d u gm t d hi
e s lf r p c t
n n a en e s se es e .

744 h p u b l i h d h i L i f o f S v ag th t ’
1 e s e s e a e, a un

h ppy po t who c r r w
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an se

vic w r es t l
e e tri k i g t h hi t l t J O H N S ON
no e ss s n an s a en s .

h ad k ow hi m w ll d t h y h d ft w d r d
n n e ,
an e a O en an e e

s upp rl e d ho m l
e s s an b u t th t r t t m i d igh t e e ss a o e s ee s a n .

Th vig o r o u d ma l y t h o u ght x p r d i J OH NSO S ’

e s an n e e s se n N

s o orou l gu g r d r d t hi biog r aphy popul r b u t

n s an a e en e e s a

th i m p m t i th a utho r ci r cu m t a c wa v ry
e iv e en n e
’
s s n es s e

t ard y i m ki g it a pp a r a c
n a n l it rary l i f w
s v r e n e no e e as e e

a m o r co rr t e mplifi t i ec th a th a t o f J O H N S ON of
e xe ca on n

t h truth Of h i
e w m j t ic l i s o n a es ne

S l o w ri
1/
worth by pov rty d pr d
s es , e e es se .

D u r i g th ight y ar x t d i g fro m 747 to 755

n e e e s e en n 1 1

J O H N S ON wa g g d i th x cutio f hi l boriou
s en a e n e e e n o s a s

u d rt k i g th co m pi l ati o Of hi g a t D ic t i o ary f
n e a n ,
e n s re n O

th E gli h L a gu g
e n s w hi h l o g occupi d th p l c e
n a e,
’
c n e e a
 I n trodu ction .

a mo ng u s of the D ictio n ar y Of the Ac ad m y in F r c

e an e

an d p i S a n .

W hi l g g d i thi s l boriou t k h d iv rt d his

e en a e n a s as e e e

mi d by
n th publ ic tio Of th Y i t y Of H uma
e a n e
‘
an n

NV i h s om p i o t o hi L o do b i g a i m i l r
e s,
’
a c an n s n n,
’
e n s a

S ati f hi R ma p r oto t yp e re o s . o n .

itt i l fti en m ol m a d d c l amat ory

n a o e r, o re s e n, n e

tyl th
s e t h p r c d i g po m a d i
an e e fie s p ci m o f !
n e ,
n s a ne e en

J J O H N S ON S d ig ifi d b
’
u t o m w h nt g lo o
e m y r h to r ic s T h e a e . e

fi ll u t rat io
s draw fr o m hi t o ry f th fu ti l i t y f tho
ns n s o e o se

bj t which m igh fo r— l i t r ry m i l i t ry p ol iti l

O ec s en s e a ,
a , or ca

r o w b u t y w lt h l o g l i f
en n, ea ,
pl d i d ll i c
ea ,
n e, or s en a an e s,

J O H N S ON h r p ro d uc d w i t h k i dr d vigou r b u t h
‘

as e e n e e

h add d v r l f hi s w w h r h s ho ws a po w r
as e se e a o o n, e e e e

and g d
‘

i
ran eur i f r ior to th a t Of J U V E N A L
n no s e n se n e .

T hu t th s t r i k i g pict u r f th f t f S E J A N U S
o e s n e O e a e o ,

r l t d w i t h uch g r i m hu m ou r by th R o ma
e a e s at i r i t e n s s ,

J O H N S ON h
h

dd d th as a t l imp e i pi t e noOf th ess re s s v e c ure e

d i gr c Of VV O LS E Y a d hi pi o d f C H A R LE S X I I i
s a e n s e s e o . s

u wort hy c o u t rp a t to th po rt r it f H A NN I BA L
0

no n n e r e a o

( Sh w O u tl i
’
a s f ne s O

J O H N SO N A ND J U V E N A L C O M PA R E D .

O ur r ead e r s may n o t p e r h a p s k n o w th a t the Thi r d

S at i r e Of J U VEN A L is d i re ct e d agai n s t the co rr up t i o n s o f
s o ci e t y in R o m e , ag a i n s t the m i s e r i e s an d hu m i l i at io n s
w hi c h a r e s i d e n c e in th e gre at ci t y i m po s e s upo n a poo r
but vi rt uou s man, and the i mm en s e r ich e s and i nfl u e nc e
6 I n troduction .

obt i d by th m o s t u w o rthy r t by G r k
a ne e d
n a s ee s an

f v o u r i t fr d m
a e T h pic t u r i a t r i k i g
ee en . d im
e e s s n an

p r iv ess e d h as l o t o
o ne, of it gra d u r i t h
an s n ne s n e n e

h d f th E gl i h cop y i t w ho h w i t h o mm t
an s o e n s s ,
as c ns u a e

sk i ll t r f rr d th i v c t iv
an s e e f J U V EN A L to th p
e n e io es o e as s n

fo r i m i t t i g Fr ch f hi o
a n d d p t d th i m g
en as Of
n s , an a a e e a es

J U V EN A L t o L o d o vic d i om fort
n n d c orr up t i o
e s, sc s , an ns .

I nth T th S ti r ( p rh p th g r d t p i m
e en a e e a s e an es s ec en

w hi h w p o
c e f t hi k i d
sse ss f w r i t i g ) th
o R om s n o n e an

t k high r gr o u d d i
a es a e u i t rr upt d t orr t of
n ,
an n an n n e e en

n o b l l oq u c h po i t d o u t th folly
e e en e as d m pt i n e e an e ne s s

o f ll o t h r o bj t w hi h form th chi f im f hu m
a e ec s c e e a o an

d ires es H . h ow u cc iv l y th m ry w hi h h
e s s us s e ss e e is e c as

a cc o mp i d d th r ui w hich h follo w d t h p
an e ,
an e n as e ,
e os

se ss i o f th o ad v t g fo r w hi h m igh d p r v
n o se an a e s c en s an a ,

h e ex hibit th v i t y f r i h
s e mbi t i o
an l oqu o c e s, a n, e e nc e ,

m i l i t r y gl or y lo g l i f a d b ut y th w h ol x mpl ifi d
a ,
n e, n ea , e e e e e

by th m o t i gn l xa mp l
e s s dr w afrom hi to r y of th
e es a n s e

foll y o f hu m a h o p n es

M agnaqu e nu minibu s D 115 e xau d ita malign is .

Ma n y p as s ag e s o fJ O H N S ON S S ati re s mu s t be r e gard e d ’

as t ran s l at i o n s — c o n s u mmat e t r an s l ati o n s — o f th e w o r d s

o f J U VEN A L ; but h e fr e qu e n tl y c h an g e s , au gm e n t s , an d

s t re n gth e n s as , fo r e x am p l e J U V EN A L has i n s t an c e d ,

S EJ A N US as a p ro of o f th e u n s t abi l i t y o f p ol i t i c al p ow e r
and th e fav o u r o f th e gr e at J O H N S ON has ad d e d t o .

thi s i m p re ss ive pic t u re the fall of WOLS E Y H A N N I BA L an d .

,

A LE X A N D E R—Who se d e ath form s s o i n s t ru c t iv e a m o ral of

t h e fo ll y o fth e c o n qu e ror an d g e n e r al are n o t e xc l u d e d -

but the e qu all y wa rn i ng s tory o f C H A R L E S X I I is mad e the .

 I n trod uction .
7
Ve hic l for a m oral l s o
e t l adm i ra bl y ex p r s d e s n
’

no e ss
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es e ,

a d v
n m or i m pr s iv from it
e en ar
e f ti m t o a es e, s ne n e ss o e,

m o d r r ad r Th l o ft y phi lo ophic al to o f gl oo m y
e n e e e s ne

W
.

el o qu c p r h ap s i v
en e m o r u i forml y u t i d i
e s e en e n s s a ne n

th e E gl i h th n i th R o m
s po t ; a d i th
an n e an e n n e con

l i
c us o n o f th S a tir w h r aft r s ho w i g th
e o thi g
e, e e, e n e n n ne s s

of ll e rth l y hop
a ath voic
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J c ew i ma e d ir se n s
’
. es e V

h l th
ea oc c 3 3 3 115 i a d tr quill ity—th E m
, inn en e
,
5 1 o n, n an e

gl i h po t m u t b all o w d to h av s u r p d i p t h t ic
s e s e e e as s e n a e

sol m ity e v
e n th g ra d ur f hi s m o d l ,
en f a th f
e n e o e so ar s e

co o l tory truth s f C h i ti r v l tio a s ubl i m r

ns a o r s an e e a n re e

th a th i m p e rf ct l ight f S toic p a ga i m
n e e s o n s .

TH E S T YLE A ND C H A R A CT E R or
S A T I R ES
’
J O H N SO N S .

ONDO N (i ). L .

A a g e ral sa tire thi s p

s en m i s adm itt d to b oe e e o ne

o f th fi es t p r o d uctio s i th E gl i h la gu g
ne It n n e n s n a e .

w as o r igi all y publ i h d a o y mo u sl y but it m r it i

n s e n n ,
s e s so

c o picuou s th a t it r a ch d a s co d d itio i a s i gl
ns e e e n e n n n e

w k an d a t o c e s t am p d it a u t h o r w ith th r put at io
ee ,
n e s e e n

o f a ma f g iu s n o Th biog ra ph r
en f J O H N S ON t at
. e e s o s e

t h a t h was th l ivi g i a o r t f l it rary b s cu r ity as

e en n n s o e O ,

a m r co tributor to th
e e n G tl ma M ag i a d e en e n s
’
az n e ,
’
n

wh h o ff r d th p o m to M r C A V E th pub l i h r i t
en e e e e e . e s e ,

wa s to d i po ffor th b fit o f th utho r u d r v ry
s se o e e ne e a n e e

d ad v a t a g ou s ci r cu m s t a c
is n e o f fo rtu C A V E sa y n es ne .
’
,
3 I ntrodu ction .

th y w ho h ad s o m uch d i ti gui h d hi m lf by hi
e ,
s n s e se s

g r ou s e cou rag m t f po t y c o mm u ic at d i t t o
e ne n e en o e r ,
n e

D OD SLE Y th boo k ll r w ho had t t

,
e o ugh t o pse e ,
as e e n er

ce v i e its m rit a d w ho agr d to giv t

e ,
n gui as f ee e en ne or

th e copy ight —a s u m utt rl y d i p r opo r tio d to th

r ,
e s ne e

a u t hor s l bour a d i g ui ty but h w a ctu all y i uch

’
a n n en ,
e as n s

d i tr
s th a t th small profit which s o s hort po m coul d
e ss e a e

yi ld was cou te d a a r l i f a d r c iv d w i t h g rati

e n s . e e n e e e

tu d e .

I t c ame t n th sam m or i g w i t h PO PE S at i r ’
ou o e e n n s e,

en ti tl d e a d th g
‘
ral qui ry w as W ho a b
n e e ne en ,
c n e

th a utho r ?LY I TLE TO N th i ta t i t a pp r d c ar i d it

’ ‘

e , e ns n ea e ,
r e

i r ptu r s to P O P E w ho th
n a e fi ll d th p o t ic al thr o
,
en e e e ne

w i t hout a riv l a d w ho w s o s t ru k w i t h it m rit th t

a ,
n as c s e a

he s ought to d i cov r th a u t hor Wh o v r h i s ai d h

s e e . e e e s,
’
e,

h w i ll oo b
e s F utu r v t v r ifi d the p r o
n e e e en s e e

gno s ti ati ca d J O H N S ON c am
o n, n ft r war d to b i th e a e s e n e

l i t r ry w o rld w h a t PO PE th
e a ,
was l o rd f th a en ,
‘
o e see n
’
d an L
po m o f Lo d o b r th th t r u v h m t a d
Th e e n n
’
ea es e e e e en n

c o t m ptuou i d ig atio f it s R o m p rotot y p th

n e s n n n o an e, e

T hi rd S a ti r fJ U V E NA L I t b la z fo r th w i t h o rigi l fi
e o . es na re

i th l iv l i ss fit corr po d t all u io

n e e ne o th rg y s es n en s n s, e e ne

o f it x p r i o a d th
. s e e ss ns, n e

S o m ti m e how v r th
es, e e , e

R om othi g m o r th a th s ubj ct p r ovi g ill t at

an n n e n e e ,
n or us r

i g it a cco rd i g to th ori gi al ity f hi s w co c ptio

n n e n o o n n e n s,

or th warmt h
e f hi wn f cy a d o m ti m o i th s o an ,
n s e es n e

t ru pirit f i d p d t g i s a d po w r h d rt
e s o n e en en en u n e e e se s

hi m alt og th r for it i s n t o nl y wh re th m o d ty f
e e o e e es o an
 I n trod uction .
9

E ng l i s h e ar an d i a pp l ic bi l ity f th o i gi l to
the n a o e r na

m o d r cu to ms r qui r it th t h d o
e n s e but it i s i
e ,
a e es so, n

p la c w h r th topic a d th m or al
es e e e a a pp l ic a bl e
s n e u se re

to m od r Lo d o a th y a to a ci t R o m B O I LEA U
e n n n s e re n en e .

h a i m it t d the am S ti r w i t h g r at s ucc ss a pp l y i g
s a e s e a e e e ,
n

it to P i a J O H N S ON a ppl i d it to Lo d o ; but it i s
ar s, s e n n

g r ll y adm itt d i a co m p a ri s o fth tw o po ms th a t

e ne a e n n o e e

th l a tt r b e a r s awa y th p lm

W
e e e a .

‘
TH E V A N I TY OF HU M AN I SH E S .
’

In Ja n u ary 1 749, e l e v e n y e a r s afte r the pub l ic atio n o f

hi s L o n d on, D r J O H N S ON gav e to the w o rld thi s s e co n d
‘ ’
.

i m it a ti o n o f the R o man S a ti r i s t w i t h h is n ame T hough .

his re put a tio n as an author had in the i nt e rv al b ee n p ro

gre ss iv e ly ad v an ci n g, y e t he go t fr o m D OD S LE Y o n l y fi ft e e n
gui ne as fo r the c o py r ight w i t h a r e s e r v ation to pri n t o ne
e d itio n fo r h is o wn b e hoo f .

T hi s p r o d ucti o n , ge n e rall y s p e ak i ng , is n o t e qu al as a l
w hol e to h is po e m o n L o n d o n, but in s o m e p ar ticu l ar s
it ma y be co n s i d e r e d s up e r ior I t has l e s s o f co mm o n
.

l i fe an d the e x a gg e ra tio n o f p ar ty S pi r it— m o r e o f phi lo

s ophic d ign it y an d S , an d fr o m b e gi nn i n g
M
t o e n d t h e r e i s a n e ar e r a pp r o x i m atio n to th e l o fty an d
e n e r g e tic to n e o f the gr e a t R o m an o r igi n al I nd e e d it .
,

has b e e n s a i d by s om e th at it Ch all e n g e s co m p ar i s o n
w ith J U VEN A L in e v e r y l i ne , an d in s e v e ral i n s t an c e s it
o nl y p rofe s se s to be a p araphr a se .

I n the o r igin al the R o ma n po e t h as t ak e n hi s s ubj e ct

fro m th e s e co n d A lcz oiad es o f P LATO, and i n t e rm ix e s
’
( 0 I n trod u c tion .

v ar iou s s e nti m en t s o f S O C RA T E S c o n c e rn i ng th e obj e ct of

p ray e rs offe re d up to the D e it y T he ge ne ral p r opo s i t i o n
.

is t h at goo d an d e vi l are s o l i t t l e u n d e r s too d by m an k i n d

t h at th e ir wis h e s, w h e n g ran t e d , are alw ay s d e s truc t iv e .

Tiiis irs eréfirfiim eaiiia Su c h as r ich e s ,

‘

s t at e p r e fe rm e n t , e l oqu e n c e , m i l it a ry g lo ry , l o n g l i fe , an d

b e aut y F or the ch aract e rs w hic h J U VEN A L has ch o s e n

.

to i ll u s t ra t e his d oct r i n e J O H N S ON has s ub stitute d O t h e rs

fr o m mod e rn hi s to r y O w i ng to the d e art h o f g re at
.

m o d e r n e xam pl e s, J O H N S ON h as fe w e r ch ar act e r s th an t he
R oma n S a tiri s t ; but in the a pt n e s s o f his allu s io n s an d
t he h a ppi ne s s o f h is p ar all e l s he has s ucc e e d e d w o n d e r

fu ll y and though in s trict truth it c an h ard l y be s ai d th at

he has s u r p a s se d hi s p r ototyp e, y e t he h as s upport e d the
c om p etition n obl y, and give n to hi s trans l atio n all the air
o f an origin al The V a n ity o f Hu m an W i sh e s is , w i t h ’
.

o u t d o u bt, as high an e ffort o f e thic po e try as any l angu age

c an s ho w .

TH E PU B LI CA T I O N A N D R E CE PT I O N
OF J O H N S O N S SA T I R E S
’
.

Wh a t fir s t d i s p lay e d J O H N S ON S t ran s c e n d e n t po w e r s,
’

a d
n
‘
g ave the w o rld as s ur an c e o f the man, was his ’

LONDON , a po e m in i m it a tio n o f the Tl urd S a ti re o f

’ '

J U VEN A L , w hich c am e out in M ay I 73 8 , an d bu rs t fort h

w ith a s p l e n d ou r, the ra y s o f w hich w i ll for e v e r e n ci r c l e
h is n am e B O I LE A U h ad i m it a t e d th e am e S a tire w ith
.

s
gre a t s ucce s s, a ppl yi ng it to Paris ; but an atte nt ive
 I n trod u ctio n .

I t is plai n goi g to l a l i f i nd
he was n ot n e ve z r r e his

t i d w
r en g g i as t [ o n l m A you g lad y o c
o ca v e zz
’

. n n e c or

r f d thi w i t h goo d c r i t ic l ag city to

ee e s a s a ,

Tho
'
much con ce rne d to lose my d ear o ld fri e n d .

Th e r e is o n e p as s age in the origi na l b e t t e r t ra n s fu s e d

b y O LD HA M than b y J O H N S ON
N ilhabe t infe lix pau pe rtas d u rius in se
Q uarn qu o d ridic ulo s ho mi n es facit

w hich i s x qui s it e r e mark o n the gall i ng m e a n ne s s

an e

an d cont e m pt anne x e d to pove r ty J O H N S ON S i m i t a ’

t io n is ,
O fall the gri e fs th at h aras s th e d is tres s d ,
'

S ure th e mo s t bitt e r is a s corn fu e s t lj .

O LD H A M S , ’
though l e s s e l e gant , is m o re j u s t

W
N oth i ng in pove rty so ill is bo rn e
A s its e xpo s i n g me n to gr i nn i ng s corn .

h w h a t m anne r thi s poe m was co m po se d, I

e e o r in
r
am s o rry th at I n e gl e ct e d to a s c e rt ai n w i t h p r e ci s io n fr o m

J O H N S ON S o wn autho rity H e has m ark e d upon h is

’
.

co rr e ct e d copy o t e fi rs t e d i t io n o f i t w ri t t e n in 1 73 8 ;
f h ‘

an d , as it was pub l i s h e d in the m o n th o f M ay in th a t y e ar ,

i t is e vi d e nt th at m uch ti m e was n o t e m p l o y e d in p re p ar
ing it fo r th e p r e s s .

T o u s w ho h av e l o n g k n own th e man l y fo r c e , b old

s pi r i t , an d ma s t e rl y v e rs ifi c at io n o f thi s p o e m , it is a

matt e r o f curio s ity t o ob se rv e th e difii d e n ce w i t h w hich

it s author b r ought it forward i n to pub l ic n otic e , w hi l e he
is s o c a utiou s as n o r to avo w it to be his o wn pro d uctio n
and w ith w h a t hu m i l ity he o f fe r s to all o w th e p r i n t e r to
 I n trodu ction . 1 3
alt e r s t r o k e o f s a ti re w hich he m ight d i s l i k e T hat
any .

an y s uch al t e r a tio n was mad e we d o n o t k n o w I f we .

d id we cou ld n o t but fe e l an i n d ign a n t r e g r e t

,
but ho w
p ai nfu l is it t o s e e th at a wr ite r o f s uch vigo ro u s po we r s
o f m i n d was a ctu all y in s uch d i s tre s s , th at the s m all

p rofit w hich so s ho r t a po e m, howe ve r e x ce lle n t , co uld

y i e ld was cou r t e d as a r e l i e f ’

I t has b e e n g e n e r all y s a i d , I k n o w n o t w ith w h at t ru th ,

t h at J O H N S ON o ffe re d his Lo n d o n to s e v e ral bo ok s e ll e r s ,

n o n e o f w ho m w ou l d pu r ch a s e it T o thi s Ci r cu m s t an c e .

M r D E RRI CK all u d e s in the foll ow i n g l i ne s o f hi s F o r tu n e

W
.
,

a R h ap s o d y
i ll no ki
p at ron J oh n so n o wn
nd

S h all J o h n s o n fri e n d l e ss ran ge the to wn

A n d e v e ry pub l i sh e r re fu se
T he o ffs pri n g o fhis h appy Mu se

B ut we h av e se e n th ta the w orth y , m o d e s t , an d in

ge nio u s M r R O B E RT
. t t ough to D O D S LE Y h ad as e en

p r iv it u co mm on m r it a d thought it c r d it bl
e ce e s n e ,
n e a e

t o t k a h ar i it Th f c t i th a t at a futur
a e s e n . e a s, e co n

W
f r c h b rg i
e en e d fo r th whol p r op rt y fit f which
e a a ne e e e o , or

h g a v J O H N S ON t
e e gui as ; w ho told m I m ight en ne e
‘

p rh ap h v a cc p t d l
e s a e but th a t P AU L H I TE H EA D
e e ess

a l i ttl b for g t t
e e g i fo r a po m a d I w ou ld
e o en u n e as e ,
n

W
t t ak l th P AU L WH I TE H E A D ’
no e e ss an .

I may h r ob rv t h t J O H N S ON a pp ar d to m to
e e se e a e e e

u d rval u P AU L H I T E H EA D upo v ry occ io n

n e e n e e as

W
w h h wa m ti o d a d i m y opi io did
en e s en t do
ne ,
n , n n n, no

hi m j u tic ; b u t w h it i s co s i d r d th t PAU L
s e en n e e a

H I TE H E A D was a m m b r f a riotou s a d p r o fa e e e o n n
14 I n troductio n .

c l b we ma y a ccou t f J O H N S ON h avi g a p rej u d ic

u ,
n or n e

a ga i t hi m P AU L W H I TE H E A D was i d d f t
ns .
,
n ee u n or u

na e t i b i g t o l y l igh t d by J O H N S ON bu t vi ol tl y
n e n no n s e ,
en

a tt c k d by C H U R C H I LL w ho utt rs th f ll w g mp
a e ,
e e o o 1n 1 re

W
c at i o n
M y I ( wor d i g c
a m h od f ll ?)
can se s ra e o n an o a

B bor hit h d
e d b pti d P ul
n a e ea , an a se a a .

Y t I h lle v r b p r u ad d to thi k m a l y of th
s a ne e e e s e n e n e

a uth o r f b r i ll i t a d p o i t d a a ti r
o so Ma ran n n e s e as nn e s .
’

J O H N S ON S L o d o wa publ i h d i M y 73 8
’
d n n s s e n a 1 ,
an

i t i r mark b l th a t it c m t
s e ath s m m or i g
e a e ou on e a e n n

w i t h PO PE S at i r c all d 7 ’
th a t E gl d h d t
s e e 1 so n an a a

o c it J U V E N A L
n e s d H O R A C E a po tic l m o i tor an s e a n s .

Th R e D r D O U G LA S B i hop f S al i bury to w ho m I
ev . .
, s o s ,

am i d bt d f n o m obl igi g co mm u ic tio wa t h

e e or s e n n a n s, s en

a s t u d t a t O xfo rd
en d r m m b rs w ll th ff ct w hi h ,
an e e e e e e e c

Lo d o p rod uc d E v ry bo d y w d l ight d w i th i t
’
n n e . e as e e ,

an d th r b i g e e am to i t th fi r t buzz of th l i t r ry
e n no n e ,
e s e e a

ci rc l was th r i a u k o w po t gr t r v th
e e e s n n n n e , ea e e en an

P OPE A d it i r c ord d i th G tl m M g zi
.
’
n s e e n e en e an s
’
a a ne

of th a t y ar th a t it g t to th s co d d itio i th cou r
e ,
o e e n e n n e se

o fa week .

o f th w rm t p a tro s f thi s po m it fi r t
O ne e a es n o e on s s

app ar c w G ral OG LE T H O R P E wh o t r o g b
e an e as e ne ,
se s n e

l
n e vo e nce of ou l was u ab at d d u r i g th cou r fs
’
n e n e se O a

lo g l if
n t h o ugh it i p i fu l to thi k th t h h d to o
e s a n n a e a

m uch r o to b co m co ld a d c llo u a d d i co t t d
e as n e e n a s, n s n en e

w i t h th w o rld fr o m th e gl ct w hich h xp r i c d , e ne e e e e en e

o f hi pub l ic a d priv t w o rt h by t ho
s i wh o p ow r
n a e se n se e

it was to g rat i fy g lla t a v t ra w i t h m k of d i s so a n e e n ar s

 I n troduction . . 1 5
ti c t io
n n . Thi s
xtr a ord i ary p rs on was as r mark bl
e n e e a e

f hi l a r i g a d t s t
or s e n nf h i oth r m i n t qu liti a e as or s e e ne n a es

a d n ma was m or pro m pt a ctiv

no n d g r ou i e ,
e , an e ne s, n

cou ra gi g m rit I h v h rd J O H N S ON g ra t full y

en n e . a e ea e

ac k o wl d g i hi p r c th k i d a d fi t l p ’

n e e n s e se n e e n n e e c ua su

p o rt w hich h g a v to hi Lo d o though u a cqu a i t d

e e s n n,
’
n n e

w i t h it s a utho r .

P O PE w ho th fi ll d th po tic al th ro e w i t h o u t
,
en e e e n a

rival it may r o bl y b p r u m d m u t h v b
, e as n a e es e ,
s a e ee n

p articu l rl y tr uc k by th s u dd n a pp a c f uch
a s e e e ran e o s a

po t e: d t o h i cr d it l t it b r m m b r d th a t h i
an ,
s e ,
e e e e e e ,
s

f l i gs
ee nd co d uct an th occ a io w r c a d i d d
n on e s n e e n an

l ib ral e H . r qu t d M r R I C H A R D S ON
e e f th
es e .
, son o e

p i t r to d a vour to fi d t w ho thi w a u t h o r w
a n e ,
en e n ou s ne as .

M r R I C H A R D S ON a ft r om i quiry h a vi g i fo rm d
.
,
e s e n ,
n n e

W
hi m th t h h ad d i cov r d o l y th t hi ame w J O H N
a e s e e n a s n as

S ON a d th a t h was som b cur ma P O PE

,
n e id H e O s e n, sa e

w i ll s oo b n h all pr t l y fr o m a o t
e e s e se n s ee n e

wr itt by P O PE th a t h w hi m lf aft rward m o r

en e as se e s e

ucc fu l i hi i qui ri s th hi s fr i d
s ess n s n e an en .

T h a t i thi j u tl y c l b r t d po m ma y b fou d
n s s e e a e e e n a

f w r h y m s w hich th critic l po itio

e e f E gl i h pro o d y
e a s n o n s s

a t t hi s da y w ou ld d i ll o w c ot b d i d ; but w i t h t hi
sa ann e en e s

m ll i m p rf ctio w hich i th g
s a e e r l bl f it s x c l
n, n e ene a az e o e e

l c i
en e t p rc iv d it i
s no u d oubt d l y
e e f th
e ,
s, n e ,
o ne o e

obl t pro d uctio i ou r l gu g both fo r ti m t d

n es ns n an a e se n e n an

x p r s io
e e s Th tio w th i a f rm t ag i t
n . e na n as en n e en a ns

t h C ourt a d th M i i t ry w hich o m y ar a ft rward

“
e n e n s , s e e s e s

d d i th d o w f ll f S I R R O B E R T WA LP OLE ; a d it
en e n e n a o n

ha b s sa i d th a t T ori s a Whig s w h en t fp la c a d
ee n e re ou o e, n
 16 I ntroduction .

W higs T ori e s wh e n in p la c e s o , as a W hig adm i ni s t ra

t i o n ru l e d w ith w h a t forc e it co uld , a T ory opp o s itio n had
all th e a n i mat io n an d all the e l oq u e n c e o f r e s i s ta n c e to

po we r, a i de d by the co mm o n t o pic s o f p at rioti sm l ibe rty ,

an d i n d e p e n d e n c e Acco rd i n gl y we fi nd in J O H N S ON S ’
.

Lo n d o n the m o s t s pi r it e d i nv e c t iv e s a g a i n s t ty r ann y an d
P
l
oppre s s ion, the warme s t p re d i l e ctio n for his o wn cou nt ry
and th e pu r e s t l ov e o f vi r tu e i nt e r s p e r se d w i t h tr a it s o f
his o wn p a rticu la r ch ara ct e r and s itu a ti o n , n o t om i t t i n g
/
h is p r ej u d ic e s as a tru e bor n E n g l i sh man, n o t o n l y agai n s t
-

fo r e ig n cou n tri e s , but a g a i n s t I r e lan d an d S cot lan d O n .

s o m e o f th e s e topic s I s h all quot e a f e w p as s ag e s .

Th ech e at e d n ation s h appy fav rites se e ' '

M ark whom the great care ss wh o frown o n me , I

H as H re se rve d in pity to the poor

ea e n v , ,

th l
N o p a e s s was t e or u n d isco v e r d s hore
,
'

N o se cre t i s l an d in th e bou n d l e ss mai n

N o p e ace ful d e se rt y e t u n c laim d by S p ai n
’

Quic k le t u s ri se the h appy se at s e xp l ore

, .

A n d be ar O ppre s s io n s i ns o l e n ce n o more I
'

H o w wh e n
, comp e titors l i k e th ese co n t e nd ,

C an s u rly V irtu e hop e to fix a fri e n d ?

W
T hi s mo u mfu l truth is e ve rywh e re c o nfe ss d '

W R I E W RT B Y P O VER TY DE P R E SSE D
,

S LO S S O H, .

may a i l y co c iv w ith w h a t f l i g a gr a t
e e s n e e ee n e

m i d l i k hi cr m p d
n e d g ll d by
s, a rro w circu m
e an a e na

t c u t t r d thi la t l i
s an e s e e w hich h mark d by c pit al
s s n e, e e a s.

Th w hol o f th p o m i
e e mi tl y x c ll t a d th r
e e s e nen e e en n e e

a i it u ch p r oo f f k o w I
re n s of t w s O d fa
a n ( e e o an

m atu r a cqu a i t c w ith l i f a c a ot b co t em p l t d

e n an e e, s nn e n a e
 W
I n trod u c ion
t

t hout w o n d e r w he n e co n s i d e r th a t he was th e n o nl y
,

11 his t w e n ty n i n th y e ar, an d h ad y e t b e e n s o l itt l e in th e

-

bu s y h aunt s o f me n .
’

Ye t w hi l e we a d m i re the po e tic al e xc e ll e n c e o f thi s

poe m, c a n do ur obl ig e s u s to all o w th a t the fl am e o f
‘

patrioti s m and z e al for p o pu la r r e s i sta n c e w i t h which

W
it is fra ught had n o ju s t cau se Th e re was in t r u t h n o
.

o pp r e ss io n ; the n at io n was n ot ch e a t e d
’ ’
. S ir R O BE RT
A L PO LE was a w is e an d b e n e vo l e n t m i n i s t e r , wh o though t

th at the h appi ne s s an d p ro s p e r ity o f a comm e rci al c ou n

t ry l i k e ou r s w ou ld be be s t p r o m ot e d b y p e ac e , w hich he
a ccor d i ngl y ma i n t ai n e d w ith c r e d it d uri ng a v e ry l o ng
p e r io d J O H N S ON hi m s e lf aft e rward s ( O c t 2 1 , 1 773 )
. .

ho ne s tl y ack n o wl e d ge d the m e r it o f WA LPO LE , w ho m he

c all e d a fi x e d s t a r w hil e he ch aract e r i s e d his opp o ne n t ,

P I TT, as a m e te or B ut J O H NS ON S j uve n i l e po e m was

.
’ ’

n at u r all y i m p r e gn a t e d w i t h the fi re o f oppo s itio n, an d

W
upon e ve ry a ccou nt was u n iv e r sall y a dm i re d
B O S ELL S L ife of 7 o/zn son, ch iii
’
.

. .

(I n)
In J anu a ry 1 749 J O H N S ON publ i sh e d the V a n i t y o f
H u m an W i s h e s, be i ng the Tent/z S a tire o f J uv e nal i m itat e d
’
.

H e I b e l i e v e , co m po s e d it the p re c e d i n g y e ar
,
M rs
. .

J O H N S ON , for the s ake o f cou ntry a ir, had l o d gi ng s at

H am p st e ad , to which he re s o rt e d occ a s io n all y, an d th e re
t he g r e at e s t p a rt, i f n o t th e w ho l e o f th e I m it a ti o n was
wr i tt e n The fe rvi d r api d ity w ith w hich it was p r o d uc e d
.

is s c ar c e l y c re d ib l e , I h a v e he ard hi m s ay th at he c o m
C
 I 8 In troductio n
po se ve ty l i s f i i
d se n d y w i t hou t pu t ti g
ne O e t n o ne a ,
n on

o fth m u po p a p r u ti l th y w r fi i h d I r m m b r
e n e n e e e n s e . e e e

wh I o c r gr t t d to hi m t h a t h h d
en n e e e t giv e to e a no en us

m o r o f JU VEN A L S S ti r
e h i d that h p ro b bl y
’
a es, e sa e a

s hou l d giv m or f h h d th m all i hi h d ; b y

e e, or e a e n s ea

which I u d r t oo d th t h h d th origi l
n e s d co rr a e a e na s an e

s p ond t ll u ioen fl o at i g i hi m i d w hich h c o u l d

a s ns n n s n ,
e ,

wh h pl
en d m bo d y a d r d r p rm
e e ase ,
e t w i t h ou t n en e e an e n

m uch labour S o m o f th m h ow v r h ob rv d
. e e ,
e e , e se e ,

w r too gro
e e for i m it a tio ss n .

T h p ro fit o f a i g l po m ho w v r xc ll t a pp a
e s s n e e ,
e e e e en ,
e r

t o h av b v ry mall i th l t r ig com p ar d w i t h
e een e s n e as e n, e

w h at pub l ic tio o f th s m iz ha i c b
a a n k ow e a e s e s s n e ee n n n

t o y i l d I h a v m tio d up o J O H N S ON S w a
e . e en ne , n
’
o n u

th ity th t fo r hi
or , Lo d o
a h h d o ly t s gui a n n
’
e a n en ne s

an d w aft r h i f m wa
no , e t b l i h d h got f hi
s a e s es a s e ,
e or s

V it y o f Hu ma W i h
an but fi g i n mor s es ve u n e as e, as

i prov d b y a a uth tic d ocu m

s e nt i m y po io
en en n sse s s n .

I t w i ll b ob rv d th t h r e rv s to hi m lf th eright
se e a e e se e se

o fp ri t i g n e d itio Of thi S a tir w hich wa hi p r

n on e n s e, s s ae

t ic u p o occ a io o f th s l o f all hi wr iti g i t b i g

e n s n e a e s n s, e n

hi s fi x d i t t io to publ i h a t o m e o t h r p r io d f hi
e n en n s s e e or s

o w p r ofit a co m p l t co ll c t io
n fhi s w o rk e e e n O s.

Hi V a it y o f Hu m
s nWi h ha l o f co mmo an s es s e ss n

l i f but m or f phi l o ophic d ig i t y th e hi L o d o

e, e o s n ,
n s
‘
n n .
’

M or r d r t h r fo r w i ll b d l ight d w i t h th poi t d
e ea e s e e e e e e e n e

s t y l of Lo d o t h a w ith th p f nd efl ti
e n n
’
f th
n e ro o u r ec on o e

V a i t y f H uma W i h
n o G A RR I C K for i s t a c
n h
s es .
’
,
n n e, o .

s r v d i h i s prightl y ma
e e ,
n s r —w ith m o r viv a ci t y t h n ne e an

r g ar d to j u t d i s crim i a tio as i s u s u al w ith w it wh n

e s n n, s e
20 I n trodu ction .

ONDON (i ). L .
’

T hi s be i g a ad pt at io f th Tl i d S ti r
n n f a n o e z r a e O

J UV EN A L th r gu m t w hich p r f c
, e D R YDEN S
a en e a es
’

tr l t io w i ll x pl i th a pp o it
an s a n s f J O H N S ON S
e a n e s e ne s o
’

a pp l ic tio n fth th m to Lo d o
a o e e e n n.

A RG U ME N T o r TH E T H I RD S A T IR E O F J U VE N A L .

Th tor y o f thi S ti r p k it l f U M B R I TI U S
e s s a e s ea s se .
,

th SU PPO S ED fri d of J U V E N A L a d hi m lf a po t
e en , . n se e ,

i l avi g R om
s e n a d r t i r i g to C u m a O
e, au th o rn e n e . ur

a ccom p i hi m o u t of t o w B fo r th y t k l v of
an e s n . e e e a e ea e

e ac h o t h r U M BR I TI U S t ll hi fr i d th r o w h i h
e , e s s en e e as ns c

oblig hi m to l ad a pri t lif i a ob cu p la c H

e e va e e n n s re e .
'

c om p l i t h a t a ho t m c a ot g t hi br ad t
a ns n nes an nn e s e a

R om T h a t o but fl tt
e. nmak th ir br d th r
ne a e re rs e e ea e e

— t h a t G reci a a d o t h r fo r ig rs r a i t h m l v s by
'

ns n e e ne se e se e

t ho o rd i d a rt w hich h d c r ib a d a g i t w hich
se s s e es e s, n a ns

h bitt rly i v igh

e e H r c k o s up the v ral i
n e s . e e n se e n co n

i
ve n e n ce s w hich ar i fr o m cit y l i f a d th ma y se e, n e n

d g r w hich a tt d it—upb ra i ds th
an e s obl for cov t
en e n es e

o u sne s s, fo r t r w rd i g goo d po t
no a d ar r ig
e th
a n e s, n a ns e

gov r m t for t a rvi g th m Th gr a t art o f th

e n en
'

s n e . e e e

S t i r i p r ticu larl y s ho w i co mm o p la c
a e s a a d d ra w n n n e s, n

i g i a ma y vic s as cou ld a tu rall y f ll i to th c om

n n s n e n a n e

p s fit
a s o .
 I ntroduction . 21

‘
T H E V A N ITv o r H U MAN W I SH E S .
’

hi s S atire J O H N S ON foll o w d th th e m o f th
In t e e e e

T tl S a tire o f J U VEN A L the argu m t fw hich i s giv

en z ,
en o en

as it p r fa c D R YDEN S tran la tio

e es Th chi f p gs ’
s n . e e as s a e

i J UVEN A L w ith D R YDEN S i t rp t a tio fro m w hich ’

n n e re n,

J O H N S ON vi d t l y d riv d hi i pir at io a e pp d d
e en e e s ns n, r a en e

to th t xt though hi s i ll u s tra tio a e t k fro m mod r

e e ,
ns r a en e n

hi s tory .

A RG U M E N T O F TH E T E N TH S A T IR E o r J U VEN L A .

Th po t s d ig i thi S ti r i to r p r t th
’
e e es n n s a e s e e sen e

v a riou s w i h s a d d i r s f ma k i d a d to t t
s e n es e o n n n se ou

the fo ll y f th m H r u s th r ough ll th
o e .v r l h ad
e n a e se e a e s

ofrich ho our l oqu c fam f m arti l a chi v

e s, n s, e en e, e or a e e

m ts l o g l i f a d b
en ,
nty d giv e,i t c i chn e au an es n s an e s, n ea ,

h w fr qu t l y th y h a v prov d th rui
o e en f tho
e th t e e e n o se a

ow d t h m H co c l u d
ne e th r fo r th at i c w
. e n es e e e, s n e e

g rall y choo s s o i ll for ou r l v w hou ld d o b t t r

e ne e se e s, e S e e

to l a v i t to the go d to m ak th choic fo r
e e sA ll e e e us .

w a
e c n saf l y k o f H a v l i w ithi a v ry m ll m
e as e en es n e s a co

p s I t i but h l th fbo d y a d m i d A d i f w h v
a s . s ea o n n . n e a e

th s it i t mu ch ma tt r w h a t w w t b i d f
e e, s no e e an es es or

we ha ve e ough al re ad y to make u s h a ppy

n .
 LO N D O N .

A POE M, IN

J U VEN A L , W
I M I TA T I O N O F TH E TH IR D
R I TTE N I N 1 73 8 .
S A TI I I E or

Q ui s in e p tz
Tamp at i ens urbis , tam f
e rre n s , u t t e n eat se —J uv .

The s mall n u meral s refer to the N o tes .

T H O U G H gri e f an d fo n d ne s s in m y b r e as t r e be l ,
W h e n inj u r ed Th al e s 1 bi d s the to wn fare w e ll ;
Ye t s ti ll m y c alm e r thought s his ch o ic e co mm e n d ,
I p r ai s e the h erm i t but r e g re t the fr i e n d ,
( W ho n o w re s ol ve s, fr o m vic e an d Lo ndo n far,2
,

T o b r e at h e in d i s t an t fi e ld s a pu r e r a i r 4/
A n d fi x d o n C ambria s s ol it ar y s ho re ,
’ ’

G iv e to S t D a vi d o ne t r u e B r iton m o re
. .

F or who w ou ld l e av e , u n b r ib e d H ib er n i a s l and ,
’

O r ch an ge the r oc k s o f S cot l an d fo r the S t ra n d ?

T h e r e n o n e are s we p t b y Su dd e n fat e away ,
B ut all w ho m hu ng e r s p are s, w ith age d e c ay
,

1 —
8
. T[to ng/z grief
B riton more .

Q u amv z s d igress u v e ter is con u s as a

f mici
’

Lau d o tame n v acu is quod se d e m fi ge re Cu mis

D e s tine t, atone n n u m c it/e m don are Sy bille .

J U V E NA L , 1-3.

G rie v ed though I am an ci e nt fri e n d to l o se

an

W
,

I li k e the s ol itary seat he chose

I n qui e t Cu mae fi xi n g his re po se .

h e re far fro m n oi s y R o me se cure he l ives ,

A nd o n e more citize n to S iby l gi ve s - D RYD E N . , 1 - 5.

 24 L ondon .

H
r mal ic e , ra pi ne , a cci d e n t co n s pi re ,
e e

T A n d n o w a r abb l e r ag e s , n o w a
”

Th e i r ambu shT e re re l e n tl e s s rgfifiz s lay , m

A nd h e re the fe ll a t t o r ne y p r o wl s fo r p re y
H e re fall i ng h op s e s ft lfi mde r o n y ou r h e ad,
A n d h e r e a fe m ale ath e i s t t alk s y o u d e ad .

W hi l e Th al e s w ait s the Wh e rry t h at co n t ai n s

O f d i ss ip at e d w e alt h the s m all r e m ai n s ,
O n Th am e s s b an k s , in s i l e n t th o ught we s t ood ;
’

W
\
W h e r e G re e nw i c h s m i l e s upo n the s i l v e r fl oo d
S truc k w i t h t e s e at th a t g a v e E l i a bi rt h ,
h z
3

e k n e e l , an d k i s s the co n s e c r at e d e ar th

I n p l e as i n g dr e am s the bl i s s fu l age r e ne w ,
A nd c all B r it ann i a s g l ori e s b a c k to vi e w
’

13— 1 8 H ere malic e

y o n dead .

u t no n

D e te riu s e re d as h i nce nd i a l ap s u s
o rre re ,

Te ctoru m ass idu o s ac mi ll e p e ric u la s ae vae

W
,

U rbi s e t A ugus to re cit an t e s me n s e Po et as

‘

, .

J U V E NA L 1 11 6 ,
-
9 .

h at s ce ne so de se rt or so ful l o ffright
, ,

A s towe ri n g hou se s tu mb l i ng in the n ight ,

A nd R o me o n fi re be h e l d by its o w n b l azi ng l igh t

Bu t worse th an all the c l att e ri n g ti l e s an d wors e
,

T h an thou s an d p ad de rs is the po e t s curse

'

R ogue s th at in d o g days can not rhyme forbe ar

.

W
.

B u t without me rcy read and mak e yo u h e ar

—6
, .

D Rv D E N, 1 0 1 .

1 9- 2 1 . /z ile TIz ales

w e s too d .

Se d d u m to ta d o mu s rh e d ac o mp o n itu r u n a

W
.

JU VENAL , 11 1 1 0.

N o w whi l e my f ri e nd j u s t re ad y to d e p art
, ,

as p ac k i n g all his goo d s I n o n e poor c art ,

H e s toppe d a litt l e at the co n d uit g at e .

D RYDEN , 1 7 - 1 9.
 L ondon 25
'

B e ho ld he r c r o ss t r iu m ph a n t o n th e ma i n,
The gu ard o f co mm e rc e , an d the dr e ad o f S p ain,
E re ma s qu e rad e s de bau ch d , e xci s e o ppre s s d,5
’ ’

O r E n g l i s h ho n ou r g r e w a s t a n d i n g j e s t .

A t rans i e n t c alm the h a ppy s c e n e s b e s to w,

A n d for a m o m e n t l u ll the s e n s e o fwo e .

At l e ngt h awak i ng, w ith con t e m ptuou s fro w n ,

l n d ig na n t If hales e y e s th e n e ighb ring to w n
’
‘

S i c e w ort h , h e c r i e s , in th e se d e g e n e r at e da y s ;
’ ‘
n 35
Wan t s e e n the ch e a p r e ward o fe m pty p rai s e
’

. I n tho s e cu r se d w all s e vot e to vic e an d gai n,

f
p

d , co l
a

S i n c e u n r e ward ed s ci e n c e toi l s in v a i n
S i n c e h o p e but s ooth e s to d oubl e m y d i s tre ss ,

A nd e v e r y m o m e n t l e av e s m y l it tl e l e s s
W hi l e y e t m y s t e ad y s t e p s n o s t aff s u s ta i ns ,
A nd l i fe s ti ll v ig ro u s re v e ls in m y v e i n s
’

1 -
3 34 . A trans ien t

H ie tu n e U mbritius .
—JU VE NAL , 21 .

I nto thi s l o ne l y v al e our s t e p s we be nd ,

I and my s u ll e n d i scon t e nt e d fri e nd .

Th e n thu s U mbritiu s ( with an angry frown )

W
,

A nd l ook i ng back o n thi s de gene rat e town .

D RY DEN , 3 3
0 - 8.

41 , 42 . hile y et
my v ein s .

D u m nov a can iti e s d u m pri ma e t T

, e ct a se ne c tu s ,

D u m su p e re s t L ach e s i , quod to rqu e at c t ped ibu s me

W
Porto me i s u ll o d e xtram subeu n te b aci ll o
n

W
, .

J U V E NA L 11 1 , 26 29. —
hi l e y e t fe w furrows o n my face are se e n ,

hi l e I walk upright and old age is gree n

, .

D RYDEN , 43 44, .
 26 L ondon .

G ran t me k i n d ,
H av
o m h a ppi r pla c e
e e n, to fi nd s e e ,

W h r hoe e ty a dne s s d i gr c n s e n e are n o s a e

S om pl e i g b a k w h r v rda t o i rs
e as n n e e e n s e

S o m p a c ful v l w i t h N a tu r p i ti g s g y ’
e e e a e e s a n n a

W h r nc th h a d B r ito fou d r po
e e O e e ar s s
’
n n e se ,

pov rt y d fi d hi fo
l

’
.

A d s f
A

n a e In e e e s es
“( f
S om c r t c ll y pow r i d l g t giv
I
e se e e ,
e e s n u en , e,

L te l iv h r f e h l e e, d t l iv or as e arn
’
o e .

O H re l t tho r ig w ho m p io s a i cite
se e n e ns n c n n
e e

T o vot a p a triot b l c k a court i r w hi t

e a ,
e e

E x p l i th ir cou t ry s d a r bought r ight awa y

a n e n
’
e - s ,

A d p l ad f pi rat
n e i th fa c
or fda y ; es n e e o
7

W i t h l a vi h t
s ts t i t
s p i ene d youth a n o ur o so n
’
,

A d l d a li th co fi d c
n en e l truth e n en e o

W
.

L t uch r i
e s p la c a d ma o r buy P
a se a e s, n n s , ‘

‘ fi ll t a t a x
o ec f rm a l ott ry ; or a e
,,
a
,

i t h w rb l i g u u h fi ll
a n s i l c d ta g
e n c s o ur en e s e,

A d l u ll to
n rvitu d a thoughtl s ag
se e6 es e . 0

H r o p r oc d w h a t bou d your p r i d h ll hold ?

e e s, ee n s e s a

\V h t ch c k r trai you r thi rs t o f p w r a d go ld ?

a e es n o e n

B hol d r b ll iou s V irtu quit e

e e e th w e o er
’
ro n,

B ho ld
e f m ou r we al th
o ur a l iv s yo r w
e, , o ur e u o n .

51
—
58 .

a lottery .

man ean t qui n igra in candida vertun t

l
,

Que i s faci e es t se d e m cond uce re fl u mina portus , , ,

S iccandam elu vie m po rtan d urn ad bus t a cad ave r , .

J U V E NA L ,
- 2
3 3 .
0

S uch manne rs wi with s uch a town agree ll

K nav es who in ful as se mb ies h a e the nac l l v k k
Of turni ng truth to li es and white a , to b l c k ,

C an hire large hous e s and oppress the poor ,

B y fa rmed ex c is e can c l e anse the commo n se we r ,

A nd re n t the fi s h e ry can bear the d e ad ,

A nd t ea ch th e ir e y e s d i s se mb l e d t ears to s h e d
A ll this fo r gai n fo r gai n th e y s e ll th e ir v e ry h e ad
.

D RYDEN 53 —
.

60 , .
28

Thech e a t d a tio h a ppy fa it ee

e n
’
n s v r
’
e s, s

a r k w ho m th gr at c a r ew ho fro w e me e s s, n on

th d y vi ll i
e ne e g ral ho m a n s
’
e ne e

Th co mm o n s w r o f P ri s
e e d fR om
e a an o e,

W ith ag r thi rs t by fo ll y or by f t
e e ,
a e,

S uc k i th dr g o f a ch corrupt d s t a t
s n e e s e e e .

F o rgiv m y t ra p o rt
e a t h m l i k thi
ns s on e e e s,

I ca ot b ar a Fr
nn e m t ro p ol i e ne e s .

I ll u triou E dw rd
‘
s fro m th r alm f da y
s a
’5
e e s o ,

The l a d fh r o n o a d of e i t s u rv y
es n sa n s e

N orhop th B r i t i h li am t to tra c
e e s ne en s e,

Th r u t ic g a d u r
e s rth ur l y gra c
n e , or e s e

B ut l o t i t h o ugh tl
,
s n d m pty s ho w e ss e as e an e ,

B h old th warr i o r dw i dl d t o a b a
e e n e e n

S e n se , fr d o m pi ty r fi d wa y
ee , e ,
e ne a ,

O f Fra c th m i mic a d o f S p i th p r y
n e e ,
n a n e e .

A ll th at a t ho m m o re b g s t e al
e no c an e or ,

—
93 98 . Lo n do n the

po ss um ferre Quirites
N on , ,

G rae cam u rbe m J U V E N AL , 60 .

I h at e in R o me a G re ci an town to fi nd ,

T o see the s cum o f Gree c e trans p l an t ed th ere .

D RYDE N 1 06 , , 1 07 .

t oy - 1 1 2 . A ll that

J amp rid e m S yrus in Tibe rizn d e fluxit O ro n t es

m
,

E t linguam e t ore s e t c u m tibici n e chord as

'

l
O b iquas n ee no a ge nti ia tympana se cu m
, l
V exit,

J U V E NA L ,
—
62 6 5 .

Co nv e ys his weal th to Ty be r s hungry s hores '

A n d s urfe it s It al y with l oo se amours

H ith er the ir cro o ked h arp s and cu stoms come , .

A ll fi nd re c e ipt in ho s pitab l e R o me .

D RYD E N 1 1 1 -
1 1 4.
 L o nd o n .

Or l i k e a gibb e t b e tt e r th a n a w h e e l ‘6

H is s d fro m th e s t ag e , o r bo o te d fro m the court ,

’
'

T h e ir air, th e ir d re s s th e i r po l i t ic s i m port
,

O b s e quiou s , art fu l , v ol ubl e an d gay , ,

O n B r i t ai n s fo n d c re d u l it y th e y p re y
’
.

N o g a i nfu l t rad e t h e i r i n d u s t ry c an s c a p e , ’

T h e y s i n g , th e y s e w, c l e an s ho e s , t h e ir fi ddle s s cra pe
A ll s ci e n c e s a fas t i ng M o n s i e u r k n o w s , ‘7 1 15

A n d bi d hi m go to h e ll , to h e ll h e go e s .

Ah wh at avai l s it th at, fro m sl av e ry f

I draw the b r e at h o f l i fe in E ngl i s h a ir .
9
\V as e arl y t aught a B r it o n s right t o ’

A n d l i s p the t al e o f H e n ry s victo r i e ’

I fthe gu ll d co n qu e r o r r e c e iv e s the C hai n,

’

A nd fl at t e r y s ub d u e s w h e n arm s are v ai n
S t u d i o u s to pl e as e , an d re ad y to s u bmi
The s upp l e G au l
S t i ll to hi s i n t e re s t t r u e , w h e r e e r h e go e s,
’

W it, b rav e r y, w orth , his la vi s h to n gu e b e s to ws

1 1 3. 1 1 6 . A ll sc ien ces

O mn i a novit
Grae cul us coel um ju s se ris ibit
e s urie n s , in , .

J U VENAL 77 , , 78 .

All thi ngs the hungry Gre e k e x actl y knows

A nd bid him go to h e ave n to h e av e n he go es
, .

D RYDE N 1 1 3 , , 1 1 4.

1 23 1 24. S tu dio us to
a paras ite .

ge ns pru d e nti ss i ma l audat

ad u land i ,

Se rmo n e m ind o c ti facie m d e fo rmis amici

, .

J U VE NAL 86 87 , , .

T he Gree k s ge t all by fu l s o me fl atte rie s ,

A mos t pe cul i ar s troke the y h ave at l i e s

D R YD E N 1 5 1 1 5 2 , .
30
.
London .

In v ry f c e a thou sa d g a c e s s h ine
e e a
“

n r ,

Fr o m v ry to u fl o w h a rm o ny d ivi e n n
g
e e e s .

Th a rt s in v a
e se rugg d a tiv try, in o ur e n es

S t ra i t w i t h f l t r i g d itfi d
n ou a lia e n e n ce e, t

A n d g ai a k ic k fo r awkward fl tt y
n a er /

B s id ewith j u tic thi d i c r i g age

es , s e, s s e n n

A dm i r th i r w o drou t l t s fo r th t g :
es e n s a en e s a e

W ll may t h y v tu r
e th m i m ic
e ena rt e on e
’
s ,

\V ho p lay fr o m m m to ight a b w d p ar t
’
o n o rro

P r cti d th i r m a t r otio to m b ra c
a se e s e
’
s n ns e e,

R p a t hi ma x i m a d r fl ct h i f c
e e s s, n e e s a e

\V i th v ry w i ld a b u rd it y co m p l y
e e s ,

A d i w ch obj ct wit h a oth r s y ’

n v e ea e n e e e

To h k w i t h la ught r
s a e th j t th y h a 3 e e re e es e e 1

To pour a t w i ll th cou t r f it d t ar ; e n e e e e

A d a th ir p a t r o hi t th col d
n s e h a n n s e or e

D c mb e r sw a t?
,

T o h ak s d og day s
e In -
,
In e e e

1 40 - 1 43 .

D ecemoer sweat .

N atio co mmda es t ri des cachi nno : mj or a e

C o ncu titur : fl e t s i lac ry mas au s pe xit amici

N cc d o l e t ign icu lu m brumm si t e mpo re po s eas
A ccipit e ndro mide m : si dixen s aes tu o s udat '

1 00 —
, , .

JU VE NAL 1 04 , .

All Gr c i ee e co me d i an l augh an d th e y
s o ne

R tur it l oud
e n e r th an an as s can bray

Gri e ve an d th e y gri e ve if you we e p s ile n tl y .

T h e re se e ms a s i l e n t e cho in th e ir e y e .

T h e y cann ot mou rn l i k e you but th e y can cry , .

C all fo r a fi re th e ir wi n t e r c l oth e s th e y t ak e
, .

Be gi n but you to s hiv e r an d th e y s h ak e , .

I n fro s t or s n ow ifyou co mp lai n o fhea t

.

T h y rub th unswea ti ng brow and s wear th e y sweat

'

D RYDE N 1 70 1 8 0 ,
-
.
 L ondon .
3I .

Ho wwh e n co m p e tito rs l i ke th e
,
se co tn en d,
C an u rl y V irtu e hop to fix a fr i d
s e en

S la v s th at w i t h s riou i m pu d c b gui l e
e e s en e e ,

A n d li w ithout a b l u h w ithout a sm i l
e s ,
e

E x al t ch t r i fl v ry vic ad or
ea e, e e e e,

Y our t a t i s u ff you r l wd
s e n n ,
fl tt r m or e e n e ss a e

C a B alb
n l oqu c appla u d
’
o s e end w ar e ,
an s e

H grop hi b r ch w i t h a m o rch a ir ’
e es s ee es na s

F o r ar t l i k th s p f d adm i r d a
s e e e re e rr
’
,
e ,
c re s s
’
d,
Th e y fi rs t i v ad y our t b l th your br a t
n e a e, en e s

E x p lo r your c r t w ith i i d iou

e se e s t ns s ar ,

\V a tch th w k hou r a d r
e ea a c k ll th h ar t
,
n an s a e e

T h s oo you r i ll pl d c o fi d c r p y
en n -
ac
’
n en e e a ,

C o mm c y our l o rd
en e d g o v r or b t ra y
s , an e n e .

B y u m b rs h r fr o m h m or c
n e e e, ure fr s a e ens ee ,

A ll c r i m a es a f but h a t d pov r ty
re s e e e

T hi s o l y thi th r igi d l w pu r u
, n s, e a s e s,

Thi o l y thi p r ovo k th

s, n s, arl i g m u e es e sn n s .

1 44. 1 45 . H ow w/z en

N on su mus e rgo p are s me ior qui se mp e r l

W
N o c te d i e que alie nu m su me re vu ltu m .

JU VE NAL , 1 0 4,

e are n o t o n quare with s uch as th e s e

the s ,
’

S uch are o ur be tte rs who can be tt e r p l e as e .

D RYDEN , 1 7 9,

Sci e r vo lu n t se cre ta d o mus atque i nde t ime ri .

J U V E NA L , 1 13 .

They rch the se cre t s o fthe house and so

se a ,

A re worshipped th e re an d feared fo r wh at th e y know .

D RYDEN 1 94 1 95 , . .
32 L o n do n .

The s obe r tr ad e r a t a tatte r d c l o ak ’

W ake s fr o m his d re am and l abou r s for a j ok e

,

\V ith b r i s k e r air th e s i lke n cou r ti e rs g az e ,

A nd tu rn the v ari e d t au n t a t hou s an d way s .

O f all the g r i e fs th at h ara s s th e d i s t r e s s d

’

S ure the m o s t bitt e r I s a s co rn fu l j e s t ; 2 0 ) -

F at e n e v e r wo u n d s mor e d e e p the ge n e r ou s h e a rt
T h an w h e n a b l oc kh e ad s i ns u l t p o i n t s the d art
’
.

H as H e av e n re se r v e d , in pit y to the poor,

N o p ath l e s s wa s t e , or u n dis c o v e r d s ho re ? ’

N o s e c r e t i s l an d in th e bou n dl e s s m ai n
N o p e ac e fu l d e s e r t y e t u n c l im d by S p a i n ? 21 ’
a

Q u ic k le t u s r i s e , the h appy s e at s e x p l or e ,
A n d b e ar O pp r e s s io n s i n s o l e n c e n o m ore

W
’
.

T hi s m ou rn ful t ru t h is e v e rywh e r e c o n fe s s d ’

S Lo w RI S E S O RTH , B Y P OV E RT Y D E PR E SS D
’

B u t h e r e m o r e Sl o w , w h e r e all are s l ave s to gold ,

W h ere l oo ks are m e rch an d i s e , and s m i l e s are s o ld

1 66, 1 67 . Ofall 0 o o 0

scorn 1 / djes t .

N il h abe t infe lix p au pe rtas d uriu s in se

W
Quam quo d ridic u lo s homi ne s facit .

J U VE NAL , 1 5 2, 1 53 .

an t corn o
is the s f v ry w l thy foo l
e e ea ,

A nd wit in rags is tur d to ri d ic l

ne u e .

D RYDE N , 25 6, 257.

1 76, 1 77. This mou rnfu l

H au d faci l e e me rgu n t quoru m virtu tibus ob s tat

,

R e s angu s t a d o mi
J U VE NAL 1 64 , , 1 65.

R r l y th y ri
a e e se b y virtu
’
e s aid , who lie
Pl u g d i th d e pth of h e l p l ess pove rty
‘

n e n e .

D RYDE N , 275, 27 6.
W he e ,r by brib s by fl tt i impl d
wo n
Th groo m r t a i l th f vou r o f hi l o rd
e e s
e

e
L ondon

a
a

s
.

er e s

s
or

.
’
,
33

B ut h rk th a ffr ight d c r o wd s tu m u lt uou c r i s

a
’
e
’
s e

R o ll th r ough th t r t a d thu d r t o th k i
e s e e s, n n e e s es

R a i e d fro m o m p l i g d r m fw l th a d po w r
s s e e as n ea O ea n e ,

S o m po m pou p la c
e o r s o m e b l i fu l bo w r
s a 85 e, ss e ,
1

A gh t y t rt a d s r c w i t h a chi g ight
as ou s a ,
n ca e n s

S u t i th pp r o chi g fi r t r m d ou l ight ’
s a n e a a n e s e en s

S w i ft fr o m pu r u i g ho rr o r t k y o u r w y
s n s a e a ,

A n d l v you r l it tl A LL to fl m
ea e pr y e a es a e

T h t hrough th w o rld a w r t h d v g r t ro m 1 90
en e e c e a an a ,

wh r s t rvi g M rit fi d ho m
I v a i y ou r m m
F or e e c an a n e n a e

n n ti d i c lo
o n a ve s se ,

W hi l all gl ct a d m o t i ul t y ou r w o
e ne e ,
n s ns es .

S hou ld H a v n s j u t bo lt O gili w l th ’ ’
e e s s r o s ea co n

fo u d n ,

A d s p r ad hi fl am i g p ala c
n e s th g r ou d n e on e n ,

—8 9
186 1 . A gha s t y ou

V ive nd rim e s t illic , ubi lli c i

n u a n e nd a, n u ll i
N oct e me tus : jam po sc it rivola transfe rt
aqu am jam f ,

U ca l e gon 1 97
-3 1
99 .

W
A t Cum w l p,quit rou d he y r
ae e c an s ee e n t ea

f ll
,

N fir ightl y d g r f r
’

o r a s , no r es , n o r n an e s ea ,

hi l ro lli g fl m fro m R om turr t fl y

e n a es an e s

A d h p l citiz
n t e f buc k t cry
a e e ns or e s ,

T hy ighbour h r mov d hi wr tch d tor

ne as e e s e e s e

( F w h d wi ll id h l u mb r f h poor)
e an s r t e e o t e

—
.

D RYDE N , 3 2 1 3 25 .

—
1 94 20 3 . S /zou ld [t ear/en
'

ris ing do me .

S i magn a A s tu r nc ec id it do mus horri da matE r ,

Pu llati proc e re s d ifi e rt vad i mon i a prae tor

'

Tunc ge mimus c as u s urbi s tu ne o d imus igu am , .

D
 L ondon
’

’
34 .

Sw f it ’
o er the ru m ou r fl i es
l and th e dis m al ,

A d pub l ic m our i g p a ci fy th
n ki n n s e s es

Th l au r t t r ib i v
e ea e lv r r l t e n en a e se e a e

H w V i r t u w r w i t h p r cuti g F t
o e a s e se n a e

W i t h w ll f ign d gr a ti t u d th p i d ba d
’
'
’
e -
e e e e ns on n

R fu d th p lu d r o f th b gg r d l d
e n e n e e e a
’
an .

S ee w hi l h bui ld th g u d y v al co m
e e s, e a as s s e,

A d c r o w d w ith u d d
n w lt h th r i i g d mgs en ea e s n o ,

Th p r ic
e f b oro ugh a d f ou l r t o r
e o s n o s s es e,

A d r i
n hi t r a u r
a se high r th b fo r
s e s es e an e e

N w bl d w i t h ll th b ub l ft h g r t
’
o e ss a e a es o e ea ,

T h p li h d m rb l a d th hi i g p l t
’
e o s a e, n e s n n a e,

O gili
r th g old
o see s pi l pi r e en e as e

A d hop
n fr o m a gr y H v a o t h r fi
es n ea e n n e re .

C ou ld t th o u r ig th p rk d p lay co t t
s es n e a an n en ,
21 0

F or th f i r b k fS
e a r o f Tr t
an s o e ve n o r en

T h r m ight t t h o u fi d o m l ga t r t r at
e e
’
s n s e e e n e e ,

S om hi r l i g s
e e to r d rt d at
n ena
’
s ese e se ,

A d tr tch thy p r o p t th m i l i g la d ’
n s e s ec s o er e s n n ,

For l th re t th d u g o s fth S t ra d
e ss an n 2e n e n o e n 1 5
T h r p r u th y w lk
e e ne upport th y droopi g fl w a s, s n o
’
rs ,

D i r ct t hy r ivu l t a d t w i th y bo w r
e e s, n ne
’
s

A d w hi l thy b d a ch a p
n e p a t a ff d
e s e re s or ,

D pi th d i ti Ofa v al l o rd
es se e a n es , en

Ard t dh jme ai qui m rmor d o t

u c, e t a ac curr t a a ne ,

C f i mp
o n e rat e nsas

JU VE NAL 6 , 111 21 2- 2 1 .

B if h p l c
ut fA i b ur
t e aa e o rtu r u s n

Th ob l ch g th ir c l oth
e n esh m tro mour
an e e es , t e a ns n

W
Th city Pr tor wi ll
e pl d i g h r a
e no ea n s ea ,

A d l oo k gh tn if h G l wr h r
a as as t e au s e e e e

h i l y it bd tio fl i

W
h ffi i
'

e et rns , t o c o u s na n es

S o m to co d o l e d o m O bri g upp l i s
n e , an s e t n s e

O d him m rb l to r bui l d
ne se n s d a e e , an o ne

hit k d t tu f h P ri to
e na e s a es o t e a an s ne .

D RYDE N 3 46—
3 53 , .
 W
36 L ondon .

hol p s on b ram b l e s t i ll he k i ll s his man?)

'

s ee

S o m e fr o l ic d ru n kard r e e l i ng from a fe as t !
,

P rov oke s a b r oi l , and s tab s y o u for a j e s t / ,

Ye t e e n the se he ro e s m i s c hi e vou s l y gay ,

‘

’
,

Lo rd s o fth e s tre e t an d t e rr o r s o fth e way

,

F lu s h d as th e y are w i t h foll y , y o u th an d w i n e ,
’
,

T h e i r pru d e n t i nsu l t s to the po or c o n fi n e

A far th e y m ark the fl ambe au s b right app ro ac h ’

A nd s h u n the s hi n i n g t rai n an d g old e n co ach .

I n v ai n, t h e s e d ange r s p as t , y o ur d o c rs .

c l o se ,

A n d h Op e th e b alm y b l e s s i n g s o f re p o s e
C ru e l w i t h gu i l t an d d ar i n g w i t h d e s p ai r,
,

l he m i dn ight m u rd r e r bu r s t s the fai t h l e s s b a r ;

’ ’

I n v ad e s the s ac r e d hou r o fs i l e n t r e s t,
A nd p l an t s, u n s e e n, a da gge r in your b r e a s t .

23 6-4 41 .

y ou r breas t .

N ee tame a hoc tantu m mo tuas na m qui s p o lie t te

N o n d ee rit c lau s is d o mibus , p o s tq u am o mn is ubiqu e
F ix a cate n atae S ilu it co mp ago t abe rn ae .

I nte rd u m e t fz rro s u bitus gras sato r agit re m .

JU VENAL , 302
—
3 05 .

W
N o r is th i s all fo r wh e n re tired you thi n k
l l
T o s ee p se cure y wh e n the can d es wi n l k
,

h e n e ve ry d oor with iro n ch ai ns is b arre d

A n d roari n g tave rn s are n o l o n g e r h eard ,

T he ruffi an robbe rs by n o j u s tic e awed

, ,

A nd un p ai d cutthro at so ldie rs are abroad

T h es e v e nal s ou l s wh o h ard e n e d in ea ch i ll
, ,

T o save co mp l ai nts an d pro se cutio n ki ll

,

, .

D RYDE N , 474 48
-
1 .
 L ozmofl
’
.
37

S c arc e c an o ur fi e lds , s uch c r o wds a t T ybur n

“

W
die ,
W i t h he m p the g all o ws an d the fl e e t s upp l y .

P ro p o se your s ch e m e s, y e s e nato r i an b a n d,
ho s e way s and me ans s uppo r t the s i nk i ng land 245
L e s t rop e s be wa n ti n g in the t e m pting s pri ng,
To r ig a n othe r co nvoy for e k i g t h n
25
.

A s i n gl e j ai l , in A l fre d s go ld e n re ign, ”
’

C ou l d h alf the n a tio n s c riminals co nt ai n ’

F ai r J u s tic e th e n, w itho u t co n s t ra i n t ad o r d, ’

H e l d high the s te ad y s c al e but she ath d the s w ord ,

’

N o s pi e s w e re p ai d n o S p e ci al j uri e s k n o w n
,

Bl e s t age b u t ah ho w d iffre n t fr o m our o wn ’

M uch c o u ld I add but se e the bo a t a t h a nd ,

-

The t i de re t i r i n g, c alls me fr o m the la n d

242, 243 . S carce ca n

fl eet s upp ly .

c ri min al: co n tain .

Q u a forn ac e grav e s qu a no n i ncud e c ate nae

,

M axi mu s in v inc lis fe rri mo d u s u t time as n e , ,

V o me r d e fi c iat n e marrae e t s arc ula d es in t

, .

F l ic
e es p ro avo rum atavo s, fe ici a d icas l
S ae cu l a, qu ae quo n dam s u b re gibu s atqu e tribu n is

V id e ru n t u no con t e n tam carc ere R o mam

J U VENAL m 3 9—
.

3 4 , . . 0 1 .

Th forg i f tt r o l y i mp l oy d
e e n e e s n s e e ,

O uriro mi xh u t d d d troy d
n n es e a s e an es e

I h c kl
n s a f th es vi ll i c c ll ow
or ese a ns s ar e a

Go d f th t m
a s or d p l ough h r
e ea f h p l ough
s , an s a es or t e .

Oh h ppy g f our c tor

W
a a es o an e s s

B th h k i g
e ne a d tribu iti l pow r
t e n s an n a e s

O nej i l d id ll th ir c i mi l r t i
a a e r na s es ra n ,

hich w h w ll
, no f R om
, t e c c co t ia s o e can s ar e n a n.

D RY DEN , 48 6-492 .
38 L o n do n .

Fare we ll - Wh e n youth , an d h e al t h , and fo r tu n e

T hou fl ie s t fo r r e fu ge t o the w i ld s o f Ke n t
A n d ti r e d l i ke me w i t h foll i e s an d w i t h c r i m e s
, ,

I n an gry n u m be r s w arn s t s ucc e e d i n g ti me s

’

T h e n s h all th y fr i e n d , n o r t hou re fu s e his aid,

S t i ll foe to vic e , for s ak e his C am b r i an s h ad e

I n V i r tu e s c a u se o n c e m or e e x e rt his r age ,
’

Thy s at i re po i nt, and a n i ma t e t hy p a g e .

’
 (N
V A N I TY O F H U M A N
I M I TA T I O N O F TH E
A TH E

TE N TH S ATI R E
W IS H E S

OF J UV E N A L
.

LE T ob r vat io w ith xt iv vi w
se n, e e ns e e ,

R m rk ach a
e
e

a
l
S urv y m ki d fro m C hi an to P ru
toi l ch g r s t r i f
e
n
“
n x1 o u s ,
na

ea ea e
e

e,

A d wa tch th bu y c
n f c r o wd d l i f
e s s e ne s o e e

Th ay h w hop
en s d f ar d i ro d h t e an e ,
es e an a e,
’
e rsp ad w i t h r th c lo u d d m
re az sna e s e e e

gm b t y d by v t r ou pr i d
’ ’
n an e ra en s e,

dr ry p t h w i t h o u t gui d ea a s, a e,

As t a h re ph to m th m i t d l u d
c
’
ro u s an s in e s e e,

( S h m f ci d i ll o r h a
i s an i ry g o o d ;
e s, c se s a

l w r ar l y r a o gui d th tubbo r choic '

o e e s n es e s n e,

W
1

R u l th bo ld h d
es e p r o m pt th up pl ia t v o ian ,
or s e s n ce ;
H wo ti o s i k by d rl i g ch m
na ns n a n s e es

lf v g a c l i t t th fo ol r qu t ’
en en e n e s ens o e s e es .

F at w i g w i t h
e y w i h th afil i ti
n s da rt ev r
’
s
’
c ve ,

E ch gi ft o f at u r
a d ach g r c nf t e an e a e o ai

h f tal h t i m p t u o u c o ur g gl ow
W
a ea e s a e s,

W i t h f t al w et s l ocutio fl ow
a s e ne s e n s,

8 ith fatal c loc u tz on fl ows

'

1 7, 1 . .

toga n o c itura p e tu ntu r

N o citu ra ,

M il iti a T orre ns d ice nd i copi a mu l tis

WW
.
,

E t s u a morti fe ra e s t facu nd i a .

JU VENAL x 8 ~ro , . , .

ith l aure l s some h ave fatall y be e n crown e d

S o me ho t he d e pth s o f e l oqu e n c e h av e fou nd
,

I n th at u nnavig ab l e s tream we re d ro wne d .

D RYDEN 1 1 —13 , .

T hi s a ll ud es to the fi nan ci al troub l e s ari s i ng fro m the S o u th

S e a Bubb l e and Fre n ch M i s s i s s ippi S ch e me ( S ee n ot e 3 l i ne .
,
40
f
I mpe a
T/ze Van ity

ch m t s top s th p ak r s pow rfu l b re a t

en
o

e s
f H u man
e e
’
W e
is /13 s .

A d
n tfisgfi
re s p r ipit a t s d th re ec e on ea .

B ut c a rc ob rv d th k o w i g a d the bold
,
s e se e ,
e n n n

F ll
a th g
1n ral mas ere fgold ;
e e ne s o

Wid w e a ti g p t ! th r g u c o fi d
s n es a a es n n ne ,

A d cro wd with rim th r co rd

n s fma k i d
v
c es e e s o n n

F or go ld hi w o rd th hir l i g ffi dr w
s s e e n ru an a s,
F or g old th hir l i g j u d g d i tort th l w
e e n e s s e a s

w l th, truth n s af ty buy

on ea nor or e s,

th r as th t r as u r s r i
a e e e e se .

L t hi tor y t ll w h r riv al k i g
e s mma
e e e n s co n

A d d ubiou tit l
n h ak th mad d d la d
s e s es e e n ,

W h n s ta tut gl a th r fu
e es fth w or d
e n e e se o e s ,

Ho w much m o r saf th v a l th th l o rd ;e e e ssa an e

L w k u lk th hi d b at h th r g fp w ’
o s s e n e ne e a e o o r,

A d l av th w al thy t r itor in th T o w r 3
’
n e es e e a e ,

2 1 , 23 . B u t, s carce

was t ing pes t I

S e d plure s n i mi aco ng es t a
pe cun i a e ura
S trangu lat IU VENAL x , .
, 1 2,

Bu t more h av e bee n by avaric e o p p re s t

W
,

A nd h eap s o fmo ne y cro wd e d in the ch es t .

D RYDE N ,

- 6 /z en s tata tz s
1
3 3 .

T e mporibu s diris igit u r jus su qu e N ero n is ,

Lo nginu m e t magn o s Se ne cae prae d ivitis hort o s

,

C lau sit e t e gre gias L ateran o ru m o bs id e t ae d e s

,

T ot a c o ho rs rarus v e n it in coen acu l a mi l e s

W
.

JU V E NAL x 1 3 —1 8 , .
,

Fo r thi s in N e ro s arbitrary ti me
'

h en virtue was a guil t and weal th a cri me , .

A troop o f cutthroat g uard s were se nt to se ize

Th e rich me n s goo d s an d gut th e ir p a lac es
'

The mo b commi s s io ne d by the gov e rnme nt

A re se l d o m to an e mpty gar e t se nt — D RY DE N 23 —
28
r .
, .
U nto u ch d
T/16 Vanity

s ’
a
o

hi cott g a d hi sl u m b r s ou nd
e,
f H u man

n s
W e s
zs /
'

zes .

T ho’
co n fi sc atio n s
’
vu l tu r hov r r ou d es e n .

The n e e d y t rav ll r r d gay 4

M
e e , s e e n e an ,

W alk s the w i ld h ath a d i g hi toi l awa y

e n s n s s M

v d
a e,

T he ru st l ing brak e alar ms , and qu iv r i ng s h a d e ’

W
,

N o r l ight n or darkn e s s b r i n g hi s p a in r e l i e f,
O ne S ho w s the p l u n d e r, an d o n e hi d e s the t hi e f .

Ye t s ti ll o n e ge n ral cry the S k i e s ass ai l s

’
,

A n d ain an d gran d e gr load the t ai n t e d g al e s

g
F e w k n o w th e toi l i n g s t at e s m an s fe ar or c a re ,
’

T h i n s i d iou s riv al an d the ga pi ng h e ir

’ 5 m . M M
O n c e m o r e , D e m oc r itu s 6 a ri se o n e a rt h,
\V ith ch e e rfu l M n stmc tiv e m i rt h ,

S e e m o tl e y l i fe 1n m o de r n t rappi n g s dre s s d,
’

A nd fe e d w ith v ari e d foo ls th e te rn al j e s t ’

T ho u who cou lds t la ugh, w h e re wa n t e n ch ai n d

c ap r ic e,
To i l_c ru sh d co n c e it, an d man was o fa pi e c e
’

W h e r e w e al th u n l ove d w ithout a mo u rn e r d i e d ;
A n d s c ar ce a s ycoph a n t was fe d by p r i d e ?
—
37 38 . Tbe n eedy

toil away .

C an tabit vacu u s co ra , ml at t one vi ator —jU V 1-

: NAL .
, x .
, 22.

The b e ggar s i ngs , e en

'

p l ace
wh e n he see s the

Be se t with thi e ves , and ne ver me nd s his p ac e .

D RYDE N . 33 . 34 0

45, 46 . Yet s till

o taz n ted gales .

Pri ma fe re vota oti ss i ma te mp lis

e t c u ne tis n

D ivitiae u t e res c an t u t o pe S —
, ,

JU VENAL x 23 24
, .
, .
, .

O fall the vo ws the firs t a nd chi e fre qu e s t

0 1 each is to be rich e r than the res t —D RYDEN 3 5

“

. .
, , 36 .
W ’
he re
T/ze Van ity
’
ne e r was k o w fo rm o f
n
f H mnan
o

de bat e
n the
W
is /it s )

O r s e e n a n e w made m ay o r s u n w i e ld y s t t e ; 7 ’
- a

W h e re ch a nge o ffav rite s m ad e n o ch a nge o fl aw s 60

’
,

A n d se na t e s h e ard be fo re th e y ju d g d a c au se
’

H o w w ou ld s t thou s h ak e at B rita i n s m o d i s h t r ib e
’
,

D art the quic k t au nt , an d e d ge the pi e r ci ng gibe ?

Atte nt ive t r u t h an d na tu re to d e s c ry,
A nd pi e rc e e a ch s c e n e w i t h phi lo s o phic e y e .

T o th e e w e r e s o l e m n t o y s , o r e m p t y S ho w,
T he r obe s o fp l e a s u re an d the v e i l s o f wo e ,

A ll a i d the far ce , and all thy m irth m ai n t ai n ,

W ho s e j oy s are c au s e l e s s, or w ho s e gri e fs are vai n .

S uch was the s co r n th at fi ll d th in d, ’

R e ne w d a t e v ry g l an c e o n hu ma n
’ ’

H o w j u s t th a t s corn e re y e t thy voic e d e c l ar e ,

S e a rch e v ry s t at e and c a nv ass e v ry pray e r> OL
’ ’

U nn u mbe r d s pplian ts c r o wd P re fe rm e n t s g at e
f

m
’ ’
,

Athirs t for w e al th , and bu rn i ng to 138

D e l u s ive F ortu ne h e ars th i n c e s s an t c all , ’

T h e y m ou n t, th e y s hi ne , e v apo ra te , an d fall .

O n e v r y s t age the fo e s o f pe a c e a t t e n d ,
’

H ate d o gs th e i r fl ight, an d i ns ul t m ock s th e i r e nd .

Lo v e e n ds w i t h hop e , the s i nk i n g s ta t e s m an s do o r 8 0
!‘ ’

Pou rs 1n the m o rn i ng w o rshipp e r no more

15 o r g r o w i n g n am e s the w e e kl y s cribb l e r l i e s,
“

7 4-7 7 . U n n u mbered su pp lian ts f

an d fa ll .

Q uo sd am p rac c ip itat pot e n ti a magnae

s u b e c ta
j
I nv idiae me rgit l o n ga atque i n s ign i s ho no mm
Pagi na d es ce nd u n t s tatu ae re s te mq ue s e quu n tur .

JU VENAL x 5 64 8 , .
, .

S o me ask fo r e nvi e d powe r wh ich pub l ic h at e

Purs ue s an d h urri e s h eadlo ng to th e ir fat e
, .

D o wn go the titles and the s tatue cro wn e d

W
I s by base han ds in the ne xt rive r dro wn e d
,
.

D RYDEN 8 5—8 8 , .

All ud i n g to the fal l o fS ir R . A L PO L E , 1 742 .

44

W ith
T1113 Vanity

age ,
of Hu man W is /res

w ith c a r e s, w ith m al ad i e s o pp re s s d,
.

H e s e e ks the re fu ge o f m o n as t ic r e s t .

G r i e f a i d s d i s e ase , re me mbe r d foll y s t i n gs,

’

W W
A n d his l as t s igh s re p r o ac h th e fai t h o f k i n g s .

S pe ak th o u w ho s e thought s at hu m b l e p e ac e re pi ne ,
S h all o ls e y s w e al th w i t h o ls e y s e n d be thin e ?
’ ’

O r l iv e s t th o u n o w, w i t h s afe rfi de c o n t e n t ,
The w i se s t j u s tic e o n th e b an k s o f Tr e n t ?
F o r, why d id Wol s e y, n e ar th e s t e e p s o f fate ,

O n w e ak fou n d atio n s r ai se th e e n o rmo u s w e ight ?

\V hy , but to s i n k be n e at h m i s fo rtu n e s b lo w,
’

W i t h l ou d e r
s s in s k n i fe,
’ ”
1 30

A n d fi x e d d i se ase o n H arl e y s c l o s i n g l i fe 5 ?
’ ‘

Wh at m u r de r e d an d wh at e xi l e d H y d e
”
,

B y k i ng s p r o t e ct e d, an d to k i n gs all i e d ?
W h at bu t th e i r w i s h i nd ul ge d in cou rt s to s hi n e ,
A n d po w r too gr e at to k e e p or to r e s ign
’

W h e n fi r s t the c olle ge r o ll s
T he y o u n g e n thu s i a s t quit s his
R e s i s t l e s s bur n s the fe v e r o f r e n ow n ,
C a ught fr o m th e s tro n g co ntagi o n o f th e go w n
O e r B o dl e y s d o m e ‘3 hi s future l abou r s s p re ad ,
’ ’

~
A n d B aco ns m ans i o n tr e m b l e s o e r his h e ad !
’ ’
.

1 3 6—1 41. lV /ze n fi rs t

his head .

E lo q uiu m ae famam D e mos the nis , au t C ie e ro n is

I n cipit optare , e t toti s Q uin qu atribu s o p tat,
Q ui s quis adhu c part am co lit as se M ine rvam
uno ,

Que m s e quitur cus tos angus tae ve rnu la capsae .

JU V ENAL x 1 1 4—1 1 7
, .

Th e boy who s carc e has pai d h is e n t ran c e d own

T o his prou d pe d an t or d e c l i ne d a n oun
, ,

So s mall an e lf th at wh e n th e d ay s are foul

, ,

H e an d his s atch e l mu s t be bo rne to s choo l ,

Ye t pray s an d hope s and ai ms at n ot h i n g l ess

, ,

To prov e a T ull y or D e mo s th e nes —D RYDEN 1 80 1 8 5

.
,
-
,
 T/ze Van ity

th — thy vi w ? Proc d i ll u triou youth

f Hu man
o W is /it s .
45

W
A re e se e s ee s s

Am V i t
, ,

gu ard th t o th th fT ruth
' fi
'

r ue ee e ro n e o

Y t h ou ld thy s ou l i d u l g th g h at
‘
’
e s n e e e n ro us e \

T i ll c a ptiv S ci c yi ld h l t r tr t ;
e en e e s e r as e ea

S hou ld R a o gui d th e w ith h b r ight t ra y

s n e ee er es ,

A d pour
n m i ty D oubt r i s tl s da y
on s es e s

S ho uld f l ki dno s l u r to l oo d e l ight

a se n ne s e se ,

N or p r i r la x a se d i fficu lt y fright ;
e ,
no r

S hou l d t m pti g N ov l t y th y c ll r fra i

e n e e e n

A d S l o t h ffu
n h opi t fu m s i vai
e se er a e e n n

S hou l d B ut y b l u t fo p s h fat al d
ea n on er ar

N or c l i m th t r iu m ph f a l tt d
a e o e er
’

S hou ld d i a t h y to r pi d v i
no se se e ns

N or M l cho ly ph t oms h a u t thy s h ad e ’

e an s an n

Y t h p n t l i f fr o m g r i f
e O e o d g r fr e e or an e ee ,

N or thi k th d o o m fma
n e d f th o n re ve rs
’
or ee

W
D ig— th p i g w orl d t o turn thi y e
‘

A d pam
e n on e as s n ne e s,

n b W e is e

TM H Q ,

T oi l ,
vy w t th p o n a d th ja i l
en ,
an ,
e a
f
n e

tio l o wl y w e a d m anly ju t
d

S e e na n s, s is n e s ,

T o bu r i d m r it r i th t r d y bu t
e e a se e a s .
2°
a
,

I fdr am y t fl t t r o c a g i a tt d M
'

e s e a e , n e a n en ,

l if a d G l il o 2‘
d e, 1 65 n a e
’
s en .
22

wh L ar i g h la t priz e b s to w
en e n n er s e s,

Th glitt i g m i c x m pt fro m fo
’
e r n e nen e e e es

S e wh th vu l g r c a p s d e pi d or awe d ’
e, en e a s e , s se ,

R b ll io v g ful t l o
e e n s
’
iz en L ud e a n s se e on a .
23

F r o m m a r m i d s t ho m ll r fi
e ne o t t n
’
s a e nes c n en ,

Th e p l d d p l
un
“ er
’
t d r t
a ac e , or se ue s e r
’
en
25
q ,

Ma k d t by d g rou p a rt h m t the hoc k

’
r ou an e s s, e ee s S ,

A n d f t l L ar i g l d hi m to th b l oc k
a a e n n ea s e

Arou d hi to m b l t A r t d G iu s w e p
n s e an en e ,

B ut h ar hi s d a th y bl o k h d s h a r a d sl p 1 75
e e , e c ea , e n ee .

S N ot A p 54 ee e , . .
 The
Tlté Van ity
’
o
f Hu man

fe s tal b la z e s , th e t ri um ph al s h ow,
Wis /tar .

Th e rav ish d s t an d ard an d th e c aptiv e foe ,

’
,

The s e n a t e s t h an k s, th e G az e t t e s po m pou s t al ,
’ ’
e
“
NV it h fo r c e re s i s tl e s s o e r th e Bra v e p r e v ai l
’
.

S uch b r ib e s the r api d G r e e k o e r A s i a whirl d,

’ ’

F o r s u ch th e s t e ad y R o m an s s hoo k the w o rld

F or s uch in d i s ta n t la n d s t he B r i t on s s hi n e ,

t
A nd s a n i w i t h b loo d t h e D a n ub e o r t h e R hi n e ;
”7

T hi s p owe r has p r ai s e , th at virtu e s c ar c e c an wa rm

T i ll fam e s upp l i e s the u n iv e r s al ch arm .

Y e t p aas on fr o wn s o n w ar s u n e qu al g am e,
’

\V here w as t e d n at i o n s r ai s e a s i n gl e n am e
A n d m ort gag e d s t at e s th e i r gr an d s i r e s wr e a th s r e gr e t ,
’

Fr o m ge to ge
a a in e v e rl t i g d bt
as n e
“8

\V re ath s w hich a t l as t the d e ar b o ught right co n v e y 1 90

-

T o ru s t o n m e d al s o r o n s t o n e s d e c ay
, .

O n w h at fo u n d at i o n s t a n d s th e warrio r pri d e
’

i ,

H o w j u s t hi s h o p e s ,
le t S w e d i s h Ch r l hf
a e s ec e id ”3

A fram e o f a dam an t , a s ou l o f fi re ,
N o d an g e r s frigh t hi m , an d n o l abou r s ti r e
O e r l ov e , o e r fe ar, e xt e n d s his w i d e d o m ai n,
’ ’

U n c o n qu e r d l o rd o f p l e as u r e an d o fp ai n ;
’

N o j o y s to hi m p acific s c e p tr e s yi e ld ,
\V ar s o u n d s the t ru m p , he r u s h e s to the fi e ld
B e h old s urrou n d i n g ki ng s th e i r
A nd o ne an d o n e rgs ign
P a c court hi s h d, bu t p c v i
'

e e s an s r e a d s he r in a n ;

20 3 -20 5 . l in k z
no t/ ing

po lar sky .

A ct n m inq u it
, ihi l es t n i s i Poe n o l portas
, n , mi it e
Frangimus e t me dia ve xi llum po n o S uburra
, .

JU VE NAL x 1 5 5 , , 1 36 .

Ye t s till u neas y cri es T h e re s n othi ng d o n e

'

Ti ll le ve l with t he ground th e ir gates are la i d

A nd Pu n ic fl ag s o n R o man to we rs d i s p l ay e d
,

D RYDEN 249 ,
-
25 r .
 Tbe Van ity o f Hu man IVis /u s ’
.

T hi nk n othi ng gain d he c r i e s , t ill n ought re m ai n

’
,
’ ‘
,

M o s co w s w all s t i ll G o t hic s t an d ard s fl y,

’

A n d all be m i ne b e n e a th th e po la r sk y
’
.

The mar ch b e gi n s in m i l it ary s t at e ,

W
A n d n atio n s o n h is e y e s u s p e n d e d wa it ;
S t e rn Fam i n e gu ard s th e s o l it ary co as t ,
A n d W i n t e r b ar ric ad e s the r e alm s o f Fr o s t
H e co m e s n o r wa n t n o r c old h is cou r s e d e la y
,
21 0

Hi d e , bl u shi ng gl o r y, hi d e Pu lto wa s day 3 3 ’

T he v an qu is h d h e r o l e a v e s his b r o k e n b an d s,
’

A n d s ho w s his m i se r i e s in 7 M ,

C o n de mn ’d a n e e d y s upp l ic an t to w ai t ,
W hi l e l ad i e s i n t e r po s e , an d s l av e s d e b a t e .

B ut d i d no t ch an c e a t l e ngth h e r e r ro rm e n d ?
D i d n o s u bv e r t e d e m pi re m ark his e n d ?
D i d riv al m o n ar ch s giv e the fat al w ou nd ?
O r ho s t i l e m i ll i o n s p re s s hi m to the g ro u n d ?
H is fall was d e s tin d to a b ar r e n s t ran d ,

W
’

A p e tty fort re s s , and a d ubiou s h a d n 3‘

H e l e ft the n am e , a t w hich th e w o rld g re w p al e ,

T o p oi n t a m o ral , o r ador n a t al e
Al m m —
So
’
.

o u s w o e s afl o rd ,
’

F ro m fi fi t to av ar ia s o rd 3s
I n gay ho s ti l ity an d barb ro u s p r i d e ,
’
.

W i t h h alf m ank i n d e m b at tl e d at hi s s i d e ,
G r e a t X e rx e s co m e s to s e iz e the c e r t ai n pre y,
.

A n d s t a rv e s e x h au s t e d r e gi o n s in h is way
A tt e n d an t F latt ry cou n t s his m y r i ad s o e r,
’ ’

T i ll cou n t e d m y ria d s s ooth e his p r i d e n o m or e

F re s h p r ai s e is t r i e d ti ll m ad ne s s fi r e s his m i nd ,
The wa v e s h e la s h e s, an d e n ch a i n s the w i n d

23 3 TIt:

W
.

In Coru m atque E u ru m so li tu s ss ire fl age llis .

J U VE NAL 8 , 1 0.

ho whipt the wi nd s an d made the sea hi l v ?

s s a e

D RYDEN , 290.
 f
!b

N ew o
Tue Va n ity

p w e r s a e laim d w po w r s ti ll b t w d
r c
o

’
f Hu man
,
ne e s are
W is /zes
~
.

es o
’
,

T i ll ru d r s i t a c l op t h p r ad i g g od
e e s n 23 5
e s e s e n

Th da ri g G r ks d ri d th m rti l ho w
e n ee e e e a a s ,

A d h a p th ir v ll y w i t h th g au d y f
n e e a e s e oe

T h i s u l t d a w ith hu m bl r thought h g i
’
n e se e e a n s,

A s in gl kifl to pe d h i fl ight r m i
e s
'

s e s e a ns

W
T h e c mb d
’
n u c r c l v th d r d d co as t 24
er
’
o ar s a e ea e s e ea e 0

T hrough pu r p l bi ll o w a d a fl o t i g ho t

W
e s n a n s .

T h bo ld B v ar i a
e in a l uc kl hou r a n, e ss
! 6

1
,

T ri s th dr ad u mm it s f C a r pow r “

W
e e s 1 o e s a e an e ”
e ,

W i t h u x p ct d l gio bu r t w y
ne e e e ns s s a a ,

A d n d f c l
se e s r l m r c iv h i swa y
e en e e ss 245 ea s e e e s

S hor swa yt fa ir Au t r i a s p r ad h r m fl s e s e ou n u

ch a rm s,

Th q e n th b a uty
uee t the w orld i a r ms
l ,
e e ,
se s n

Fr o m hi ll t o hi ll th b co rou i g b l z
‘ fi

’
e ea n s s n a e

S pr d w i d th hop o f p l u d r a d f p ra i e
ea s e e e n e n o s

Th fi r c C ro ti
e e a d th e w i ld H u
e ar a an , n ss ,
39

W i t h all th o s o f ra vag cro wd th w e s n e, e ar

Th b af fl d p r i c i ho o u r fl att i g b l oo m ’ 4°
’
e e n e, n n s r n

O fh a t y g r t s fi d th fat al d oom
e a n e s s, n s e

H i fo d ri s i o a d hi s ubj c t b l m
’ ’
s es e n n s e s a e,

A d t l t o d t h fr o m a gui h a d fro m h am e 25 5
n s ea s ea n s n s .

E nlarg e m fl i f w ith m u l titu d f da y s I e e o

’

256-259 . E n la rge my
p rotracted woe .

D a s p atium vi t ae , muito s d a jupit e r anno s ,

H oere cto v ultu l ll , s o u m h o e e t p a id us opt as ,

S e d qu am c o nt in u is e t q u an tis l o n g a s e nec tus

P le na mal i s d e forme m e t te tru m an t e o mn i a vul tum .

D is s imile mqu e s u i d e forme m pro cut e p e lle m ,

Pe nd e nte s q ue g e n as e t tal e s as p ic e rug as , .

JU VENAL x 1 8 8 1 93 , .
,
-
.

jove gran t me l e n gt h o f l i fe an d y e ars goo d s tore ,

Heap o n my be nd i ng b ack I ask no more , .

I n h ea ,
'

T/t e Van ity o

lt h in s ic k n e s s , t hu s the s uppl i an t pra y s

f Hu man W '

is /zes .
49

H id es fro m hi m s e l fhis s t at e , an d s hu n s to k n o w,

2
A nd s hu t up ll th p a g fj o y
s a e as s es o

I v i th i r gi ft th bou t ou
n a n e o s pour
s e n e s s e as n ,

Th fr uit u t u m al
e a d th v r l fl o w r n ,
an e e na e

W i t h l i tl sy th d o t r d vi w t h t o r
e ss e es e a e s e s e,

H vi w
e e d w o d r th at t h y p l a
s , an mor
n e s e e se n o e 26 5
N w p ll th t a t l
o a m t a d j o yl
e wi
s e ess e a s, n e ss ne s,

A d L u x u r y w i t h igh h
n l v r ig s s s er s a e es n .

Ap p r o ch y m i t r l t ry th oothi g tra i ,
a ,
e ns e s, e s n s n

D iffu th t u
se fu l l e i t iv f p i
ne en es o a n

N o so u d l s w o u ld t ouch th i m p r viou a ’
n s, a a e s e r, 27 0

Th o ugh d ci g m o u t ai wit
an n d O r ph u n ns ne s s
’
e s nea r
N or lu t l yr hi s f b l p w a tt d
e nor e ee e o
’
rs en ,

N or sw t r m u ic o f vi r tuou fr i d
ee e s a s en

B ut v rl ti g d ict a t c r o wd hi to gu
e e as n es s n e,

P r v r l y gr v
e e se po itiv l y wro g
a e, o r s e n .

Th ti ll r t u i g t l a d li g i g j t
e s e rn n a e, n n
’
rn es ,

P r pl x th f w i g i c a d p mp d gu t
e e e a n n n e e n a er
’
es ,

W hi l g ow i g h o p
e r
A d c r c a l ga c y
n s a
c rc aw th gath i g s
n es s a e e e
’
rn n ee r,
e nb rib t o h ar
e ca e e

T h w tch fu l gu t
e a t i ll hi t th l t o ff c
es s s n e as en e

Th d ught p t ula c th o xp ’ ’
e a er s e n e, e s n s e e ns e ,

I m p ro v hi h d y r g w ith t a h
e s ea k i ll a e re c
’
ro u s s ,

A d m ou ld hi p
n io s ti ll th y m k h i w i ll
s as s n e a e s

U mb d malad i hi j oi t s i v ad
nn u er
’
es s n n e,

Both ic k a n d h e al th fu l o ld an d you n g co n s pire

s ,

I n thi s o n e s i ll y mi s chi e vou s d e s ire ;

,

M i s tak e n b l e s s i ng which o ld age th e y call , ,

T is a l o ng nas ty d ark s o me ho s pit al

'

A ropy chai n o frh e u ms : a vi sage rough ,

D e forme d u nfe ature d and a s k i n o fbu fi

'

, , .

D RYDE N 3 0 1 ,
-
308 .
 Lay s e
T/ze Van ity

i g t o lif
e e , an d pr
f Hu man
o

d i re blo c kad e
ess th e
W is /zes .

B ut u n e xtingu ish d av ric e s ti ll r e ma i n s ,

’ ’

A n d dr e ad e d l o s s e s a ggr a v a t e h is p ai n s
H e tu r n s w ith an xiou s h e a rt an d c r ipp l e d h a n d s ,
,

H is bo n d s o f d e bt, an d mo rtgag e s o f l an d s
O r vi e w s h is c o f fe r s w i t h s u s piciou s e y e s ,
U nl oc ks his g old , an d cou n t s it t i ll h e d i e s .

n t , th e virt u e s o f a t e m p r at e p r i m e
’
,

an age e x e m pt fro m s corn o r c r i m e

A n age th at m e l t s w i t h u n p e r c e iv e d d e c a y ,
A n d gl i d e s in m o d e s t i n n oc e n c e aw ay
\V h o s e pe ac e fu l d ay b e n e v ol e n c e e n d e ar s ,

W ho se n ight co ngr at u l at i ng c o n s ci e n c e ch ee r s
The ge n ral fav rite as th e ge n ral fr i e n d
’ ’ ’

S uch age t h e r e is , an d w ho s h all wi s h it s e n d

Y e t e v n o n thi s h e r l o ad M i s for t u n e fl ings ,
’

T o p re s s th e w e ary m i n u t e s fl aggi n g w i n gs ’

N e w s o rr o w ri s e s as the d ay r e t u rn s ,
A s i s te r s i c ke n s o r a d augh t e r m ou r ns
,
.

N o w k i n dre d M e r i t fi ll s the s ab l e bi e r,
N o w l ac e rat e d F ri e n d s hip c l ai m s a t e a r
Y e ar ch a se s ye ar, d e c ay pu r s u e s d e c ay ,
S t i ll d ro p s s o m e jo y from with rin g l i fe aw ay
’

N e w form s a ri s e , an d d iffre n t vi e w s e n ga ge
’
,

S u pe rfl u o u s l ag s the v e t ran o n the s t ag e ,

’

T i ll pit y i n g N a tu r e s ig n s the l as t r e l e ase ,

A n d bi d s affl ict e d w o rt h r e t i r e t o p e ac e .

Bu t fe w t h e re are w h om hou r s l i k e t h e s e awa it ,

\V ho s e t u n c l ou d e d in the gu lfs o f F at e .

From y d ia s m o nar ch s hou ld the s e ar ch d e s c e nd ,

’

F rom Ly d ia s
'

3 1 4, 3 1 5 .

lz is en d .

E t C rce su tn , que m vox j us ti facund a S o l o ni s

R e s p ice re ad l o n ga: jus s it s pa ti a u l ti ma vit ae .

J U VENAL x 274 , .
, . 275.
52
ain s t
T/ze Vanity f Hu man
o

y ou r fam e w ith fo n d ne s s h at e co m bi ne s
W is /zes .

The riv al b att e r s an d the lo v e r m i n e s

,
.

W i t h d i s t a nt voic e n e gl e cte d V i r tu e c all s ,

L e s s h e ard an d l e s s, the fai n t r e m o n s tr a n c e fall s 3 35
T i r e d w i t h co n t e m pt , s h e quit s th e slipp ry r e ig n, ’

A n d P r i d e and P r u d e n c e t ak e he r s e at in v ai n .

I n c r o wd a t o n c e , wh e re n o n e the p as s d e fe n d ,
The h ar m l e s s fr e e d o m , and the p r ivate fr i e nd .

T he gu ar d i a n s yi e ld , by for c e s up e r ior p l i e d
T o I nt re s t, Pru d e n c e an d to F latt ry P r i d e
’ ’
, .

H e re b e a uty fall s , be tray d , d e s p is d d istre s s d,

’ ’
,
’

A n d hi s s i n g I n fam y p ro c la i m s the r e s t .

Wh e r e th e n s h all H ope a n d li e art h e ir obj e ct s fi n d ?

M u s t d u ll s u s p e n s e c orr u pt the s t agn a n t m i nd 3 45
M u s t h e l p l e s s man , in ig n o ran c e s e d at e ,
R oll d arkl i ng d o wn the to rre n t o fh is fat e ?
M u s t n o d i s l i k e al ar m , n o w i s h e s r i s e ,
N o c r i e s i n vo k e the m e r ci e s o f the s k i e s
I nqui r e r c e a se p e t i t i o n s y e t r e m ai n
,

X V hic h H e av n ma y h e ar, n o r d e e m r e l igio n v a i n

’
.

S t i ll rai s e for go od th e s upp l ic a ti n g voic e ,

B ut l e a v e to H e av n the m e as u r e an d the choic e
’

-
3 44 3 53 . l ere t/z en
0 0 b o the 6 110 121 .

N il e rgo ho mmes ? Si co nsi li um v is

o p tabu n t ,

Pe rmittes ip s is e xpe nd e re N u min ibus qui d

W
,

C o nve niat n obis re bu s que s it uti l e n o s tris

, .

J U VENAL x 3 46- 3 49 , .
, .

h at th e n re mai ns are we d e prived o fwi ll ?

Mu s t we no t wi s h fo r fear o fwi shi ng i ll ?
,

R ec e ive my cou nse l and s carce ly move

W
, ,

I n tru s t thy fortu ne to the Powers above ,

Le ave th e m to manage fo r th e e and to gran t ,

hat th e ir u ne rri ng wi sdo m sees th ee wan t .

D RYDE N 5 3 3 53 8 ,
-
.
 Tbe Van ity u man LVi /
o f H s z es .
53
S afe in his p o w r, w ho s e e y e s d i s c e rn afar
’

c t bu h o f a s pec iou s pray r !

The se r e am s
’
’

I m p l o re his aid in h i s d e ci s io n s r e s t
,

S e cu re , w h at e e r h e giv e s , he giv e s th e b e s t
’
.

Y e t w h e n the se n se o fs a c r e d p r e s e n c e fire s,
,

A n d s tro n g d e vo t io n to th e s kie s a s pire s , -

P o u r fo rth t hy fe rvou rs fo r a h e al th fu l m i n d,
Ob e d i e n t p ass ions, j i n d a w i ll re s ign d
’

F o r log e, w hich s c ar c e c o lM
‘

c an fi ll

F o r p at i e n c e , s o v re ign o e r t ra ns m ut e d i ll
’ ’

F o r faith , th at , p an t i n g fo r a h appi e r s e at ,
C ou nt s d e at h k i n d N atu re s s ign al o f re t r e a t ’

Th e se goo d s fo r man the l aw s o f H e av n o rda i n, ’

T h e s e goo d s he g r ant s w ho gran t s the p o w r to ga i n

,
’

W i t h t h e se c e l e s t i al W i s d o m c alms the m i n d,
'

A nd m ak e s the h appi n e s s s he d o e s n o t fi nd .

3 59 3 61 Po u rfort/z
- .

O randu m e st , u t s it mens s ana in corpore s an o .

J U VENAL x , . , 3 56.

A nd st an d co n fi ne d
Th
W
o eal th of bo d y , and co n te n t o fmi nd .

D RYDEN 548 , , 549 .

3 68 . u! :

u n ica vitae
Tranqu illae pe r virtu te m p ate t .

J U VENAL , x .
, 3 64.
The path to peace is virtue —D RYDEN 558 . , .
 NOT E A PA G E 45

W
. .

Tail , e n vy , wa n t , the patron an d tf

ze In the fi rs t
ed ition o f th e
‘
V anity of H um an i s h e s which was
,
’
pub l i s h e d
in 1 749, the w ord garre t ‘ ’
was u se d i ns t ead o f p atron ‘
.
’

‘
Toi l , en vy , wan t , th e ga rret an d the j il
a .
’

T he d i sappoi nt me nt and mo rtifi catio n

N SO N u nde rwe n t fro m J OH

th e fall aciou s p atro nag e o f L ord C H E S T ER F I EL D le d to the ch ange

in the s ub se qu e n t e d itio n s o f garre t fo r p atro n S uch tre at me n t .
‘

I d id n o t e xpe ct fo r I n e ve r had a p atron be fore

, I s no t a .

p atro n my l ord o ne who l oo k s with u n co nc e m o n a man s tru gg l i ng

W
, ,

fo r l i fe in the wat e r an d wh e n he has r e ach e d grou n d e ncu mb e r s

, ,

h im with h e l p ? ( o H N SON s L e tt e r to L ord C H E S T ER F I ELD

’ '

j
Fe bruary 7
,

, h e n thi s was w ritt e n privat e p atron age ,

had ce as e d to be mu n ifi c e nt or e ncouragi n g an d p u blic p atro nage ,

-th at o f g e n e ral re ad e rs and buy e rs—had n o t b e gu n to be re

ntu ne ative
r
( V id Qu ar R ea A pri l
. . .
,
 N O T E S .

H I STO IC AL R A ND B I O G RA P H IC AL A LL U S I O NS .

L ON D OIV
’
.

1
I Vken inju red l a les bids tlz e tow n fa re well ] . S ir J OH N

HA WKI N S t e l s u s The l
v e nt is an t e d at ed in the poe m o fL on don
, e

but in e ve ry p articular e xce pt the d i ffe re n ce o fa y ear wh at is th e re

, ,

s ai d o f the d e parture o f T h al e s mu s t be u n d e rs too d o f S AVA G E ,

an d l oo k ed upo n as tru e tu s to ry T hi s co nj e cture is I be l i e v e e n

' ’
. , ,

t ire ly grou n d le ss I h ave be e n as s ure d th at J O H N SO N sai d he was

.

no t s o much as acq u ai n t e d with S AVA G E wh e n h e wrot e his Lo n do n

W
.

I f t he de parture me n tio n e d in it was the d e p arture o f S AVA G E the ,

e ve n t was no t an t e d at ed but f ore s e e n : fo r Lo n don was pub l i s h e d

,

in M ay 1 73 8 an d S AVA G E did n o t s e t out fo r al e s t ill u ly 1 7 3 9

J .

H o we ve r we ll J O H N SO N cou l d d e fe nd the cred ibi l ity o fs e co n d s ight

,

he d id no t pre t e nd th at h e hi ms e l f was po sse s se d o f th at fac u l ty

‘

( BO S W ELL S L ife of j o/z n son ch iii )

'

W
, . .

T he as se rt io n th at J O H N SO N was n o t e v e n acqu ai nt e d wit h

S AVA G E wh e n he pub l i s h e d his Lo n don may be d oubt fu l J OH N .

SO N too k l e av e o f S AVA G E whe n he we n t to al e s in 1 73 9 and ,

mu s t h ave b ee n acquai n t e d with him be fore th at pe rio d (A . .

C H A LM ER S ) .

RIC H AR D S AVA G E ( 1 696 who s e l i fe J OH N SO N wrot e was ,

the b as t ard chi l d o f RIC H AR D S AVA G E E arl R ive rs an d the , ,

Cou nt e s s o f M accle s fi e ld H e le d a d i ss ip at e d and e rratic l i fe t he

. ,

victi m o fcircu ms t anc e s and his o wn p as s io n s I n his mi s c e ll ane ou s .

po ms the b e s t are the H an d erer an d the B as ta rd

e
,
l ’
.

k l
The most re mar ab e o f the pe rso ns w t w o m at t s t me J O H N S O N ih h hi i
c o n so rt e d was RI
C H A R D S V G E, an e ar s so n , a s o e ma e r s app re n t e
AA l '
h k ’
ic
li — lu
,

who h ad see n fe in all it s fo rms who had fe as te d amo ng b e r ba n d s in /

i
S t jame s Sq are , an d had a n w t
’
u l i ih
fift po n ds we g t o f ro n s o n his y u '

i h i
l
.

e gs in t he c
o n d e mne d ward o fN e w gat e T s man h ad, afte r man s hi y vici
l l
.

s it u de s o ff u
o rt n e , s u n k at a st n t o ab e t a n d i
o p e e ss p o e rt H is pe nj c h v y
il k
.

b
h ad fa e d him his p at ro ns had e e n ta e n aw a by d e at , o r e s t range d by y h
i
t h e r o to u s p ro fu s o n w t w i i h hich
he sq ande re d t e r bo u nt an d t he u n u h i y
li l l iv
.

gra t e fu ns o e n e w t w c i h hich
h e re e te d t e r ad e H e no w e d byjc h i vic .

be gg ng iH e d ne d o n e n s o n an d
. i v i
amp agn e w e n e e r he had be e n so ch h v
56 N otes .

F rom v ice a n d L on don fa n ] T hi s co ntras t o fthe ic e o f town s v

with the i nnoce n ce o f cou n try i fe was a favourit e th e me o f poe t s in l
thi s ce n tury .

3 Gav e E liz a birth ] Que e n E LtZ A BE rH was born at G re enwich ,

Se pt e mbe r 7 , 1 5 3 3 .

gu a rd ofcommerce and tlz e d read f Spain ] D uri n g l hl

4 The o

t hirty ye ars pre vious we had bee n i nvo l ve d in the foll owi ng wars
w i th S pai n Fro m 1 7 1 8 — 1 7 20
. and agai n from 1 7 25— 1 7 27 T he ,
.

chi e f e ve n t in th e forme r was the E ngl i sh naval victory o ff C ap e

Pass aro and in th e l att e r the s i e ge o f Gibral t ar ‘ wh e n t he ,

E ngl i s h we re a ai n victoriou s A t thi s ti me we we re o n the e ve o f

g

W
.

a third war in which A N S O N d i s ti n gui s h e d hi ms e l f

, .

ppress d j T he i de a o f e xci se at thi s pe rio d was

'
5 E x c is e o

s tran g e l y h at e fu l to the pe op l e ge n e rall y I n 1 7 3 3 AL PO LE had ,

l aid be fore the House o f Commons his gre at E x cise scheme H e .

propo se d a sys te m o f bo nd e d ware hou s i ng mak i n g L o n d o n a ,

po rt fre e fro m cu s to ms I n vai n d id he S how th at we re the d utie s

, . ,

coll e cte d in the manne r propo se d the amou n t pro d uc e d wou l d be ,

s o much l arg e r th an u n d e r t he o ld s y s t e m th at he wou l d be ab l e to ,

re mit oth e r t ax e s T he n ational fe e l i n g was oppo se d to him and

W
. ,

though he p as se d the bi ll through the ( o mmo n s by a maj ority o f ‘

6 1 he g ave way ami d s t popu l ar rej oici n g

, Coc kad e s be ari ng the .

d e vice L iberty Property an d n o E x c is e we re wo rn an d

, AL P O LE, , ,

was burnt in e fli gy H e was howe ve r s upport e d by the Ki n g and

.
, ,

fi c e arde ntl y expe ct e d d id no t t ak e p l ac e

,

h is re tire me n t fro m o f , , .

fo rtunate as to bo rrow a gu i a I f his que t i ng had be e n u succe f l he ne s n ss u

w i t h so me s c aps o fb o k
.
,

app e as e d th age o fhu g e r me at a d lay do w

n er r r en n n

to re s t un d the Pi a a o f C o ve nt G a d e n in w a m weat h e
er zz a nd i c l d r r r, n o

w thea as e ar as he c o l d g t to the f
e r, n urnace o f a gl as ho se Y t i hi
u e s u e n s

mi y he was s t i ll a ag able c o mp an i n H e had an i ne xha t i bl e

.
,

se r n re e o us

o fa e c do te s abo u t t hat gay and bri ll i a t w l d f o m which he wa no w

.

s to re n n or r s

a o tca t
n u H e had o bs v d t he g eat m n o f b th p a t i s in h
s er e s of r e o r e o ur

ca l ss re l axat i had s t he l ad e rs o f o p po i t i w it hg t t h e ma k o f
.

re e o n, een e s on u s

p at i o t i m and had he ard t he p i me mi i s t r o ar wi t h l a gh t e r an d t e ll

r s r n e r u

i ng s o me mo n th s SAV AG E l iv d in the cl o t
,

s to i t o v r d ce t
r e s no D e e n ur e se s

fami l i a i t y w i th J O H N S O N a d th
.

r th e f i d p art d n o t wi th o u t t a s
, n en r en s e e r .

J O H N S O N r mai d i L do to d rudge fo r C A V E ; S A V AG E we nt to t h
e ne n on n e

w e t fE gl an d l iv e d th
s o n as he had l iv d e v ywh e an d in 1 743 d i d
e re e er er e

p n i l s a d he a t b o k e in B i s t o l gao l ( E ncy cl B ita n ica Samue l

, ,

e n es n r r n r r n

J o h so by L d Macaulay )
. . .

n n, or .

C d d t G at B ri tai n by the Tre aty o fU t ch t 7 3

e e o re Th Sp a i a d re 1 1 . e n r s

mad e a abo t ive atte mp t t o re cap tu e it 1 7

n r A gai t h y bes i e ge d it fr m r 20 . n e o

J anua y t J u e 7 7 w b th y we e f rc e d to re t i e
r o n 1 2 , en e r o r .
 W
N otes .
57
5
p11 0”: en s io n s c an pe rio d o f the R e st o ra
in c ite ] F rom the

t io n t he H ou se o f Co mmo n s had co n t ain e d a l arg e po rt io n o f

ve nal ity withi n its wall s though the ph as e s O f it we re v ariou s

,
.

D ire ct b ri be s in h ard c as h we re the firs t and s i mp l es t course an d ,

thi s co nti nu e d l on g to pre vai l Pen s ion s which are o f a s i mi l ar . ,

n ature grad uall y c ame i n to ope ratio n T hi s ph ase means p l ace s .

fo r s e l f fami l y an d fri e n d s
,

,
I t was agai ns t the s ys t e m o f pe ns io n s
.
‘

th at the O ppo s ition ( 1 73 0 ) d ire ct e d its e ffort s T h e re we re alread y .

A ct s i ncapacitati n g the hol de rs o f th e m s it ti ng in the H ouse o f

Co mmo ns but the y had prove d u se l ess as Gov e rnme n t wou l d no t ,

t e ll who had p e n s io ns an d the amoun t o f se cre t s e rvice mone y was

‘

co n s i de rab l e Mr S AN DY S th e re fore brought in a B i ll ( 1 73 0 ) by

. .

which e ve ry me mbe r was to s wear th at he did no t ho l d a pe n s ion ,

an d th at in case o f his acce pti n g o n e h e woul d mak e it k no wn ,

withi n fourtee n d ay s T hi s the k i ng c all e d a vi ll anou s Bi ll but

’

. ,

\V A L 1 O I E wou l d n o t i n cur the od i u m o f oppo s i n g it an d it p as se d

’
. ,

t he Co mmo n s by a maj o rity o f 1 0 but was thrown out by the L ord s

W
.

at e was s i mi l ar wh e n e v e r it was brought in agai n

,

and its f I n 1 73 4 . ,

wh e n Par l i ame n t was d i s so l ve d bribe ry and corruptio n ran high , .

A t the e nsui ng e le ctions AL PO LE s pe n t fro m his o wn

W
privat e purse to i nfl ue n ce the e l e ctio ns I n 1 742 a Co mmittee o f .

S e c re s y was appoi nt e d to i nve s tigat e the e v e n t s o f the l as t te n y ears

W
of AL P O LE S ad mi n i st ratio n T hough the wit ne sse s we re pro
'

t e c te d by a Bi ll o f I n d e mn ity th e y re fu se d to e xp l ai n the u s e ,

AL P O L E; had mad e o f se cre t se rvi ce mo ne y an d the prose cutio n ,

fe ll through .

A n d p lead /or p irates in tlze face o f d ay ] Fo r man y ye ars the .

me rch an t s had bee n making co mp l ai nts o f the i nj urie s d o ne to o ur

\V e s t I n d i an trad e by the right o f s e arch e x e rci s e d by the S pan i s h
G u araa costas or guard — s hip s and th e cru e l tre at me n t e xpe ri e n c ed
'
-
, ,

by our sai l ors T he fab l e o fje n kins s ea rs as B U R K E cal l s it was

.
’

,
’

o f gre at s e rvic e T hi s was a S cotti s h mas t e r o f a s hip who s ai d

.

th at se v e n y e ars be fore he had bee n t ake n by a S p aniard who be s i d e

,

, s

treati ng him with great crue l ty in oth e r re s pe ct s cut O ff o ne o f his ,

e ars an d bid h im carry it to h is k i ng who m he wou l d s e rve in the

, ,

s ame way if h e we re th e re I th e n s aid J E N K I N s re co mme nd e d ’

‘ ‘
.
, ,

my s oul to G o d and my cause to my coun try T he s tory pro d uc e d .

’

s uch an e f Te c t th at P U L T EN EY d e c l are d th at the v e ry name o f

J EN KI N S would rai se vol unte e rs J EN KI N S alway s carri ed the e ar

W
.

about him wrappe d in cotto n S o me sa i d he had l os t it in the pi ll ory

. .

The O ppo s i t io n g l ad to e mb arr as s the M i n i s t e rs j oi ne d h e arti l y in

, ,

t he cry V a io u s a ttemp ts were mad e by

.
r AL P O LE to settle the
matte r by A t l e ngth rath er than part with his powe r , ,
58
W
N otes .

hc yi e l d e d to the pub l ic wi ll co n trary to his be tt e r j u dg me nt ar .

was th e re fore d e c l are d agai n s t S pai n

,

T H O M SO N S poe m o f
'

B r ita n n ia will s ho w ho w nob l e an d ge ne rou s mi nd s we re d e ce ive d

at thi s ti me .

y ] Lo tt e ri e s origi nat ed amo n g ours e l v e s d uri n g

8 F o r m a lo tte r

t he r e ign o f Qu ee n E l iz abe th T he rage fo r s pe c u l atio n which

.

ch aract e ri se d the pe op l e o f E ngl and d uri ng the e arl y part o f the

l ast ce ntury which cul mi nated in the So uth S ea Bubbl e was
, ,

favo u rab le to all k i n d s O f l ott e ry s pe cu la tio n Gui l d h all was a s ce ne

W
.

o f gre at e xcite me n t d uri n g the drawi ng o f priz e s th e re and poor ,

me d ical s tu d e n t s use d to att e nd to b l ood in case the s u dd e n pro

cl ai mi ng o f the fat e o f tic ke t s had an ove rwh e l mi ng e ffe ct e st .

mi ns t e r Bri dge was bui l t by l ott e ry co ns i s ti ng o f 1 2 tic k e t s at

5 1 e ach
. I n 1 774 the broth e rs A DA M o f the Ad e l phi T e rrace an d
.
,

t he adj oi n i ng s tre e t s o f the S tran d d i s po se d o f th e s e by a lo tte ry

,

co ntai n i ng 1 1 0 prizes A t the c l ose o f l as t ce n t ury l ott e ri es had be

.

come e s t abl i s h ed by s ucce ss ive A c ts o f Parliame nt be i n g co ns i d e re d

as a means fo r i n creas i n g the re ve n u e by o ur Ch an c e ll ors o f me
.

E xch e que r T h e ir abo li tio n d e prive d the Gov e rn me n t o f a re ve n ue

.

of to pe r ann u m O n O ctobe r 1 8 1 8 26 the l as t

.
,

S t at e l otte ry was d rawn in E ng land

,

(C H A M BE R S S B ook of D ay s
'

. ,

ii.

9
A s ile n ced s ta
ge . A
oth e r re ad i ng is licen s ed s tage whi ch is
n ,

le ss forcib l e ] A t the e arl y part o f the ce n tury s cu rri l ou s p e rs o n

alitie s lo w buf
, foo ne ry and u nd i s gui s e d se d itio n too k po ss es s io n o f
,

t he s t ag e an d the l ic e n tiou s n e s s o f moral s u nd e r Ch ar l e s I I was

, .

n o w e xch an g e d f o r th e l ic e n tiou s n es s o f l ibe rty T he nec e s s it v t o .

curb th e se e xc e sse s be came e vi d e n t to all parti e s I n 1 73 7 an o c .

c as ion o ffe re d fo r VV A L PO LE to e ffe ct his obj e ct A farce call e d t he .

Go lden R a mp abo un d i ng in se dition an d b las ph e my was brough t

, ,

to him in man us cript with the hope th at he might gi ye a cons i d e rab l e

s um to purch ase and s uppre ss it VVA L PO LE p ai d the mo n e y an d
. ,

s ho wed th e obj e c t io nab l e passage s to s e ve ral me mbe rs o f bo th

p arti e s Be i ng promi s e d th e ir s upport he brought in his famous

. ,

P lay /to me B ill u n d e r the form o f an ame n d me n t to t he V agran t

,

A ct I t d ec lare d that e ve ry actor without a l e gal se tt l eme nt or a

.
,

l ice nse fro m the Lord Ch ambe rl ai n shou l d be d e e me d a rogu e an d ,

a vag abo nd T o the L ord Ch ambe rl ai n it gave l e g al po we r i n s t e ad

.

o fcu s to mary p r i vil e ge authori s i ng h im to prohibit t he re pres e n t a

tio n o f any d rama at his d i s cre tion and compe ll i ng all authors to ,

s e n d copi e s o f th e ir p l ay s fourt ee n d ay s be f ore th e y we re acte d ,

u nde r forfe iture o f 50 1 an d o fthe l ic e nse o fthe hous e

. .
60 N otes
'

o f his mo ral and ve rs ati l ity o fhis po l itical co nd uct

the H e was a .

man i nd ee d to u se the s tron g l angu age o fa co nt e mpo rary by whom

’

he was we ll k no wn who had s tu d i e d the who l e bod y o f vic e

,

N ot with s tand i ng his pub l ic and p rivat e cri me s he s ti ll re t ai ned the

,

K i ng s favour and was e mp l oye d o n i mportan t e mbas s i e s B u t

'

,
.

o n t he disso l utio n o f the CA B AL M i n i s try an d h is d i s mi ssa l f ro m

o ffi c e he grad uall y weane d hi mse lf fro m the Court H e howe ve r
, . , ,

s pe n t t h e re mai nd e r O f his d ay s in f actious oppo s itio n an d in c o n

n e c t io n with the i ntrigu e s o f S h afte s bury .

O n e i n ci d e n t in B UCKI N G H A M S l ife but too p l ai nl y e xhibits t he

'

d e moral i satio n o fthe ti mes o n which h e was thro wn B UCKI N G H A M .

h avi ng bee n d e te ct ed by t he E ar l o fS hre wsbury in an i n trigu e with

his wi fe k i ll e d him in a d u e l whi le the wi fe o f the unfortu nat e E arl
, ,

h e l d the D u ke s horse d uri n g the combat in the d i s gui se o f a p age

'

For thi s murde r ( 1 667—

.

68 ) th e D u k e re c e iv ed a ro y al pard o n .

O n the d eath o fCh arl es I I th e D uk e o fB UCKI N G H A M co ns ciou s

.
, ,

th at he woul d h ave a more d i fficu l t mas t e r in h is s ucc es sor an d ,

fi n d i n g his h e al th ruined by a l ong caree r o f vice and his fort u n e

d i mi n i s h ed by u n bo un d e d e xtrav agan c e re tired to h is se at o f ,

H e l ms l e y in Yorks hire wh e re he d e vot ed hi mse lf to fi e l d amuse

, ,

men t s H is d e ath occurre d A p ril 1 7 1 68 8 at the hous e o fa t e n an t

. , ,

at K irkby Moo rs i de aft e r a fe w d ay s f e v e r pro d uc e d by s itti ng o n

'

the d amp grou n d wh e n h e a te d by a fo x-ch ase .

The picture o f d es titutio n so fi n e l y drawn by P O P E in the thi rd

o f h is A l oral E ss ay s is great l y e x agg e rat e d PO P E n ote s T hi s .

l ord y e t more famous fo r his vice s th an his misfortu nes afte r h avi n g
, ,

be e n po sse ssed o f 21 y ear an d h avi n g pas se d through man y

o f th e high e s t po s ts in th e k i ng d o m die d in 1 68 7 in a re mot e inn in ,

Yor ks hire re d uce d to th e ut mo s t mi se ry T he D uk e had n o t

’
.

re d uce d hi mse l fto be ggary n o r did he breath e his l as t in the wors t

,

i nn s wors t roo m
’

.
’

The ch aract e r wh ich D RYDEN has prese n t ed u n d e r th e ch aract e r

o f Z I M R I in A bs alo m a n d A l utfi oplz e l is by n o me an s thus ove r
’
'

ch arge d an d may be unh e s itati ng l y re ce ive d no t o nl y o n accou n t

W
, ,

o f t he fi n e n e s s o fits e x e cutio n but als o th e j u s tic e o f its f , e ature s .

The D uk e was i n t e rre d un d e r a s u mptuou s mo n u me n t in H e n ry

V I I s Ch ape l es t mi n s t e r A bbe y
'

Tlie c ommon s ewer of Paris an d of R o me ] R o me is put

.
,

14 .

h e re fo r Ital y O LD H A M had al s o i mit ated the T hird Satire o f

W
.

u v E N A L an d app l i ed it to L o n d o n all which pe rforman ce s co n cur

j ,

to prove th at gre a t citi e s in e v e ry age an d in e v e ry coun try w i ll

, ,

furn i s h s i mi l ar topic s o f satire be the r J O H N SO N had pre viou s l y

.
 N otes . 6I

re ad O LD H A M S i mit atio n I d o no t k now ; but it is not a l itt l e

' ‘

re mark ab l e th at th e re is s c arce l y any coi n ci d e n ce fou nd b e t we e n

th e ir p e rforman ce s though upon the ve ry same s ubj e ct the o n l y ,

i nst ances are in d es cribi ng L o nd on as the s in k o f fore ign worth

W
l essness
tlze co mmo n s ewer

h e re Fran ce d oe s all he r fi l th ord ure pour and .

O LD H A M .

The common se we r o f Pari s and o f R ome .

jO H N SO N .

A nd l o w r d ow
e n

call i ng or profe ss i o n co me s ami ss

No ,

A n eedy mo n s ie u r ca n be wh at be p l e ase .

O LD H A M .

A ll scien ces afas ting monsieur k nows — J OH N SO N ’

‘
.

W
.

( B O S ELL S L i
] ? ofj o/t nso n ch i ii ) ' ’
, . .

W
’5 I llus trio u s E d w a rd

E D AR D I I I in Fran ce .
] all ud i ng to the victoriou s c aree r o f
.
,

gibbet bette r tha n a wlzee l ] T he forme r be i n g an

‘5 O r like a .

E n gl i s h the l att e r a F re n ch mo d e o f e x e cutio n

, B reak i n g o n the .

wh e e l was a b arb arou s mo d e o f e x e cutio n o f gre at an tiqui ty It .

was u se d fo r the pu n i s h me n t o f gre at cri mi n al s s uch as ass ass i ns ,

an d p arrici d e s firs t in G e rman y ; i t was al s o u se d in the I n qui s itio n

, ,

an d rare l y an y w h e re e l se un ti l F R AN CI S I ord e re d it to be i nfl icte d

, .

upo n robbe rs firs t bre ak i ng th e i r bo nes by s tro k es with a h e avy

,

iro n c l ub and l avi n g th e m to e xpire upon the wh e e l (to wh ich

,
e

th e y had be e n fas t e ne d) A D 1 5 1 5 (H AY DN S D ic tion ary of . . .

'

D ates ,
17 A ll scien ces a fi z sting mon sie u r k nows ] ( Se e above
13
A na
’
lisp the ta le of H en ry
’

s v ic to ri es ] All ud i n
g to the
vict o ry o fAgi ncourt an d gl oriou s re ign o fH EN RY V .

19 A d mires t/ze ir wo n d ro u s talen ts fi r ilz e s ta e

g ] The pe rio d o f
t he R toration was ch aract e riz e d by a fatal Fre n ch
es i nfl ue n ce ove r
the d rama l it e rature an d t as t e
, T he appe aran ce o ffe mal e s o n the
, .

s t age is al tog e th e r a mo d e rn cu sto m which o rigi nat ed o n the

Co nti ne n t an d was n o t ge ne rall y ad opt e d in thi s cou n t ry ti ll the
,

re ign o f Ch arle s I I A n ne o f D e n mark wi fe o f jame s I H e nri e tt a

.
, ,

wi fe o f Ch arl e s I an d l ad i e s o f nob l e fami l y s o me ti me s fi ll e d p art s

.
, ,

in mas qu e s and court e n t e rt ai nme n t s but thi s was no t a c ase o f

pro fe ss io nal actre s se s PRYNN E in the H is tro mas t rix d e n ou n ce s the
,

.
, ,

att e mpt mad e in 1 6 29 to i ntro d uce accord i ng to C o n ti ne n t al cu s to m , ,

62 N otes .

Fre n ch wo me n at the B ac fri ars T h eatre l k

T hi s was the firs t ap .

pe ara n c e o f pro f
e ss io na fe ma e s o n th l
e E ng i s h s tag e T h l
e y we re , l .

howe ve r fe mal e s ; an d much d i ffe re n ce o fopi nio n pre vail s as to the

fi rs t E ng l i s h actre ss M rs C O L M AN wi fe o f Mr E d ward Col man
,

. .
, . ,

appe are d as l an the in the S iege of R hod es in 1 65 6

,
PE P Y S saw .

wo me n o n the s tage fo r the fi rs t ti me J an uary 1 3 1 662 , .

2° Of all the grief! that haras s the d is tressed ,

S u re the mos t bitter is a scorn/u l jes t ] .

The passage in JU VE NAL ,

N ilh abe t in fe lix pau pe rtas d urius in se

Q uem quod ridic u lo s homi ne s facit

Is be tt e r tran sl at e d by O LD H A M th an by J OH N SO N . O LD H A M
'
S
t rans l atio n though l e ss e l e g an t is more j us t
, ,

N othi ng in pov e rty so i ll is ho me ,

A s its e xpo s i n g me n to gri nn i ng s corn .

2‘ A ’o peacefu l d ese rt y et u n c la imed by Sp a in ] Pope A LE X AN DER

VI .
, be gi n n i ng o f the s ixt ee n th ce n tury had ass igne d to
at t he

S pa i n all lan d s d i scov e re d more th an 47 3 l e agu e s we s t o f the

A z o re s The S pan i ard s at thi s ti me we re sai d to mak e c l ai m to
.

so me o f our A me ria mprovi n ce s .

ppress io n s in solen ce no more ] (Se e above p

2? A n d bear O
’

fi ery fop w ith n ew co mmiss io n v ain ] I n i ll u s tratio n o f

.

23 S ome .

the all u s ion s J O H N SO N mak e s to the s oci al ch aract e ri s ti cs o f the t i me ,

we may give a ge ne ral picture o f the co nd itio n o f thi ngs th e n in

town an d coun try B o n d o n was l i ke all the l arge town s v e ry d irty
. o

and v e ry badl y prot e ct e d I t aboun de d m ope n p l aces wh e re we re

,

.
,

thro wn an d lay u nre mov e d all the fi l th an d re fus e th at was no t cas t

i nto the gutte r C arri ag e way an d footpath we re h ard l y d i s tin
.
-

gu ishable fro m o ne Th e s t re e t s we re l ight e d o nl y in

wi nt e r A t n ight th e y were prote cted by a fe w d e cre pit watch me n
.

we re i n fe s t e d with robbe rs —an d we re fre qu e n t ed by the fashion a ble

y ou ng men a bo u t tow n an d oj icers as J O H N SO N s ugg es ts who se
, ,

gre at amu se me n t was to i n sul t an d mal t re at the pass e rs by an d to -

,

fight with d rawn s word s oth e r p arti e s o fe xqui s ite s who m th e y might
me e t C l ub and co ffe e hou se l i fe forme d a gre at fe ature o f t he
.

me tropo l i s : h e re po l itic s l it e rary and th eat rical matt e rs and t he

, ,

s tat e o f the fu n d s we re d i s cu s se d .

The L o n d o n me rch an t s l ive d ove r th e ir s hops which we re mark e d ,

by s ignbo ard s i ns te ad o fbv n umbe rs .

 N o te 63

n try g e n t l e me n we re as a ru l e ign o ran t f l

b cou ou m o uth e d an d
’
he .
-
.

th e i r s u mmit ”: bon u m o fl i fe in many case s co ns i s t e d in d ru nk e nne ss

-

go o d l ivi ng and u n l i mite d s port T he cou n try cl e rgy we re i ll

.

p ai d an d d e spi se d T he s turd y ye oman or s mall farme r cl as s

,

, ,

co n ti n ue d to be n ume rous and powe rfu l an d mai n t ai ne d the o ld

.
,

E n g l i s h s pirit .

O fthe l abou ri n g c l as se s quit e o ne h al f we re farm l aboure rs

,
-
.

O n e fi fth o fthe popul atio n we re p aup e rs .

b k o ad s we re bad an d trav e ll i n g was t e dious and carri age s

at mght in L o n d o n we re att e nd e d by me n wh o carri e d torch e s or

fl ambe au x S t age waggo n s an d hors e s we re the u s u al mo d e s o f

.

co n ve yan ce fo r both p as se nge rs and goo ds Th e road s we re .

i nfe st e d by high wayme n but aboun d e d in e xcell e n t inns 7

‘

.
,

LA v ast amou n t o fd i s e ase an d d e s titutio n e xi s t e d in L o n d o n an d

P
the l arge r to wns T he p ri s o ns we re in a d i sgrace fu l s t at e
. The .

Committee appo i n t ed to re port upo n th e ir con d ition in 1 7 29 fou n d .

in the s ic k ward s o f s ome o f the gao l s e mac i at e d obj e ct s l yi ng o n

the f loors without be d s an d act u all y d yi ng o fs t arvatio n 17 .

24 S u ch c ro wds at T bu rn d i
y e ] T hi s c e l e brat e d p l ac e o f
e xe cutio n firs t e s t ab l i s h ed in the re ign o fH e nry V I
, is d e rive d fro m
a broo k call e d T yburn which fl o we d d o wn fro m H amp s t e ad i n t o
,

the T h ame s s upp l yi ng in its way a l arg e po n d in the G re e n P ark an d

,

al s o the ce l e brat e d R o samo nd Po n d in S t J ame s s P ark

,

O x fo rd
'

. .

S tre e t was at an e arl i e r pe rio d k no wn as Ty bze rn R oad and the n o w ,

ari s t o cratic l oc al ity o f Park Lan e bore forme rl y the n ame o f

Ty bn rn L a n e whi l s t an iro n tab l e t att ach e d to the rai l i n g s o f H y d e
,

Park oppo s it e the e ntrance o f the E d gware R oad i n fo rms th e

, ,

p asse r by th at h e re s too d Ty bu rn tu rnfi ihe gate so we ll k nown in

- -
,

o ld ti me s as a l an d mar k by trave ll e rs to an d f rom L on d o n .

T he gall ows at T yburn was o fa tri angular form res ti ng o n thre e ,

s uppo rt s an d h e n ce it is o ft e n s po k e n o f as
'

Ty bu rn s t riple tree
’

I t appears to h ave be e n a pe rmane nt e re ction but wh e re it actuall y

.

s too d is a matt e r o f co n trove rsy ; mo s t probab l y at the e n d o f

Co nnaugh t Pl ace wh e re it j oi ns th e E d gware R oad and n e arl y

oppo s it e the e ntrance to U ppe r Se ymour S t ree t A l ane led fro m

W
.

U xbri d ge R oad to the p l ace o fe xe cution .

Curiou s d ocu me n ts call e d Ty bu rn tickets we re ce rtificate s co n

fe rre d u n d e r an A ct p ass e d in the re ign o f i ll i am I I I o n the .

pro se cutors who had s ucce e de d in obt ai n i n g a capit al con victio n o f a

c ri mi nal The obj e ct o f thi s was to sti mu l at e i n d ivi d u al s in
.

bri ngi ng o ffe n de rs to j u stice T he d ocume n t e x e mpted the hol d e r

.

fro m se rvi ng in all mann e r o fp ari sh and ward o ffic e s T he tick e t s .

64 N o tes .

we re t rans fe rabl e and s ol d l i k e oth e r de s cri ptio ns o f p rope rt y .

T hi s A ct was re pe al e d in 1 8 1 8 ; but a c l ai m fo r e xe mptio n fro m

,

se rv i ng o n a j ury o n the s t re ngt h o f a Tyb u rn tick e t was mad e as

l ate as 1 8 5 6
The c o n ve y an ce o f cri mi n al s fro m N e wgat e to T yburn was by
.

Hol bo rn H i ll and the O x ford R oad A court o n the s outh s i d e o f .

t he H igh S tre e t S t G ile s s is said to h ave d e rive d its n ame o f

'

B o wl Ya rd fro m t he circu mst an ce o f c ri mi n al s o n th e ir way to

, . ,

e x e cutio n be i ng p rese n t ed at th e H o s pital o f S t Gi l e s with a l arge .

bowl o f ale as th e ir l as t re fres h me n t (C H A M BE RS S B ook of D ay s .

'

ii
H AR R I SO N S
.

D escrip tio n of G reat B rita in pri n t e d in 1 577

' ’
‘
, ,

s tat e s th at rogue s an d thie ve s s u ffe re d d eath in t he re ign o t

H e n ry V I I I — th at is about
. a ye ar A n d at thi s ti me H anging .

d ay came rou n d re gularl y in o n e ye ar 97 mal e factors we re e xe cut e d

in L o n d o n an d 20 o n o n e morn i n g
, T h e re is n o wo n d e r at .

thi s ifwe re me mbe r th at i n the re ign O f Ge orge I I s ix ty three ca pit al .

-

offe n ce s we re add e d to the S tatut e Boo k mak i ng a tot al o f1 20 crimes ,

pu n ishable by dea th .

25
To r igan other con v oy vi s it s o f
fb r the hing ] The fre que n t
G E O R G E I I to his Co n ti ne n tal po s se ss ions and his protract e d ah
.

s e n c es mad e him e xc ee d i ng l y un po pu l ar I n 1 7 3 6 th e re was gre at

e x as pe ratio n an d much popul ar i n d ign atio n o n thi s accou n t
.

which ,

fou n d v e n t in pas gu in adcs I n D e c e mb e r the Ki n g came ho me aft e r

.

publ ic hope s ra th e r th an fe ars had be e n e xcit e d by the be l i e f th at

he was at se a d u ri n g a t e rrib l e s torm in which man y s hip s had be e n
wr e c k e d (Se e K N IG H T S Pop H is t E ng vi ch
'

. . . . . .

I n A lj red golde n re ign pec ia l ju ries kn o wn ]

‘ ’
35 '
s no s

ALFR E D re ign
'

S l
was a mythic a go lden
age with man y poe t s and

W
hi s to ri an s J u ri es ne ith e r commo n n o r s pe ci al e xi s t e d th e n fo r
.
, , ,

t he s i mp l e re as o n th at though t race s o f tri al by j ury are foun d in

t he re igns o f i ll i am I and I I H e n ry I and S te ph e n it was n o t

. . .
, ,

full y e s tab l i s h ed u n ti l th e re ign o f H e n ry I I .

T n al by J u ry was firs t ad opt e d in cri minal case s in the re ign o f

'

J o lm and was the e s tabl i sh ed mode o fd eal i ng with th e m at the e nd

,

o f t he thirt e e n th c e ntury .
 “TH E V A N I TY OF H U M A N W I SHE S .
’

l
fiO e '

rs pread with s n a res the c lo u d ed maz e offa te ] T he futu re

fOur l iv es mad e more dif
fi cu l t by the d an e rs f g ro m t e mpt atio ns to
yi e l d

W
which we .

I mpeach men t s tops the speaher s powerfu l breath ] S i n ce the

’
2

be gi nn i n g o f the ce n tury th e re had bee n the fo owi n g c aSe s o f ll

i mpe ach me n t s : ( 1 71 5) Bo l i ngbro k e O xford and O rmo nd fo r th e ir [0 , ,

s h are 1n the Peace o f U tre cht ( 1 7 25 ) L ord Ch an ce ll or M .

was i mpe ach e d fo r p e cul atio n fou nd gui l ty and fi ne d 3 0 000 1 , , .

Fro m the circu ms t an c e s o f the ti me we can we ll u nd e rs t and t hat t he

thre at was o ft e n u se d an d the i d ea o fit famili ari s e d
, .

5 A ndlea v es the wea lthy tra itor in the Tower ] I n 1 7 20 the .

mas h o f the S outh Se a B ubb e too p ace Committe e o f the l k l . A

Co mmo ns was appoi n te d to i nves tigate the proc e e d i ngs o f the
co mp an y Amo ng st those i mp l icat e d in re c e ivi n g bribe s we re the
.

D uch e s s o f K e n d al an d M ad ame d e P l ate n (s i s t e r to the Cou n t e s s

’

, ,

o fD arl i n gto n ) S u n d e rl an d Cragg s A I S LA B I E an d s e ve ral me mbe rs

, , ,

o f Parl i ame n t S u nd e rl and was acquitt e d by the H ou se Cragg s

. ,

d i e d d uri ng the e n quiry A I SL A BI E was e xpe ll e d fro m Parl i ame n t

,

and s e n t to the T o we r with the con fi s c atio n o f a gre at p art o f

WW
,

h is prope rt y .

4 The n eedy trav eller, sere n e an d gay ,

a lks the wild heath an d s ings his to il away ]

So C H A U C ER yf of B athes Tale :
,

J uve nal s aith o fpove rty me rily ,

The pore man wh e n he goth by the way ,

Be fore t he the e ves he may s y ng e and p l ay .

l k
The wi d trac s about L o nd o n, e s pe ci a ly ou ns ow e ath we re l H l H

W
,

infes t e d with high wayme n

r —an x io u s ly a waitin
.

h i ] g the s u ccess ion to his wealth

5 i
gp g
a n e ,

an d for tu ne Al
l ud i n g to re d e ri c Pri n c e o f a e s F k l
l l A
. , .

6 D emoc ritu s
] T he aughi n g phi os oph e r was born at b d e ra
‘

l l l
,

in the 8 o th O ympi ad
. H is c ai m to the ti t e O fLa ughe r ( 6 y e A a a Zy o s )
.

has be e n d i s put e d ; and by mo d e ms ge ne ral y re e ct e d Pe rh ap s l j

W
.

t he n ative s tupi d ity o fhis co u n tryme n afford e d him i n ce s s an t matt e r

fo r lught e r Pe rh ap s
a . he was by n ature s atiric al and thought ,

ri d icul e the t e s t o f truth . e h ave n o proof o fhis be i ng a satirist ,

F
 e xce pt the tradition ; th at may be fal se but mus t h ave had s ome ,

origi n .

D E MO C R ITU S was o f a n ob l e an d we al thy fami l y so weal thy ,

th at i t e nt e rt aine d X e rx e s at A bd e ra o n his re turn fro m A s i a .

X e rx e s in re co mpe n se l e ft s o me o f h is M agi to i ns tr ct the youn g u

D e mocritus Mo s t o f the t al e s h and e d d own about him are i d l e

. ,

s uch as the f, act o f h is h avi n g put his e ye s out with a burn i ng g l as s

in ord e r th at he might be more pe rfe ct l y u n dis turbe d in the e x e rci s e

o f his re as o n R es pe cti ng his phi l osophy we h ave more ce rtain
.
,

e vi d e n c e ; but e ve n th at has be e n so v ari ou s l y i n t e rpre t e d an d is

i n man y p arts so ob s cure th at hi s tori an s h av e be e n at a l o s s to giv e

it its d ue po si tio n in re lation to oth e r s ys te ms H e taught th at our .

truth is onl y the truth o f i mpre ss ion n o t the truth o f fact an d se t

m
,

hi ms e lf to s o l ve the gran d prob l e m—H ow do we ereeiue ex ter n al

,

is s ys t e m was a de c id e d m s m
fi

g
W
H
ig !

W
e c e s so rs and mad e v e ry de ci d e d progre ss in two gre at poi n ts of
!
,

Ps y cho l ogy an d Phys ics (Se e LE E S B iog H is tory of Philos ophy )

.
'

. .

7 A n e w mo de ma o r s u n wie ld l s ta te
] I n the d ays o f i ll i am
'

y y
the Co n que ror thi s offic e was cal l e d a Po rt ree ve in the d ay s o f
H e n ry I a 7 u s tic iar in a Ch art e r o f H e nry I I he 1s c all e d lil ay or
. . .

fro m the N o rman ma ire I n o l d e n ti me s t he M ayor was e l e ct e d

.

o n the F e as t o f th e A po s t l e s S i mo n an d J u d e ( O ctobe r an d it

W
was cu s to mary fo r him o n th e d ay o f his e l e ctio n to go o n foot b y
l and or by boat o n the rive r T h ame s to be sworn i nto office at

W
, ,

e s t mi n s t e r Th e tit l e —L ord —
. was add ed to M ayor in 1 3 5 4 .

T he proc e ss io n was co n v e rt e d i n to a page an t in 1 454 by S ir J oh n

N o rman wh o proc ee de d to
, es t mi n s t e r in a barg e .

8 Th at h u n
g the bright pallad iu m of the p lace ] A nci en t
authors give difi e re n t trad itions re s pe cti n g the origi n o f thi s
’

c e l e b rat e d s t atue o f Pall as or Mi ne rv a s ome s tati ng th at it fe ll from

,

h e ave n d uri ng the bui l d i ng o f I l iu m oth e rs th at it fe ll at Pes sinu s

, ,

iu G al ati a oth e rs th at E l e ctra g av e it he r s o n D ard an us and oth e rs

, ,

t h at i t was me re l y an i n g e n ious auto mato n but all agree th at th e

fat e o f I l iu m d e pe n de d o n its pre s e rv atio n I ts capture co nse qu e n t l y
be came a gre at obj e ct with the Gree k s d uri ng the s i e ge an d it was
.

s to l e n by U l y ss e s an d D iome d e 1 1 83 O th e r autho riti e s s t at e

.

t h at o nly a fictitiou s s tatu e w as s tol e n an d th at the re al p a lla d iu m

,

was co n v e ye d i n to I t al y by lE n e as B C 1 1 8 1 an d was pre se rve d

, . .
,

with gre at s e c re s y in the T e mp l e o fV e s t a E lagaba u s att e mpte d to

'
.

carry i t o ff in 2 1 9 but a coun t e rfe it i mage was s ub s titut e d fo r it

, .

Th e R o man P all ad iu m was a s mall st atue three cubit s and a h al fin

68 N otes .

co mme nd e d him to H e nry V I I by whomhe was made o ne o f the .

, .

ro yal ch apl ai ns The k i ng e mp l oye d him in a s e cre t negoti ati o n

W
.

re pe cti ng his marri ag e with M arg are t o fS avoy and was so p l e ase d
s ,

w ith him in it th at he be s towe d o n him th e d e ane ry o fL i n col n S oo n

, .

af t e r the acce ss io n o f H e nry V I I I O L S EY was mad e Al mo n e r.

, ,

a s itu atio n which brought him i n to co n s t an t i nt e rcourse with the

K i n g an d the po l i s h an d gai e ty o fthe Al mone r s manne rs and the '

re ad i n e ss with which though in ord e rs and nea rl y forty years o f

,

age he e n t e re d i nto the roy al p l eas u re s—e ve n it is s ai d s i n gi ng

, , , ,

d an ci ng and c arou s i ng with th e youth fu l courti e rs quic kl y wo n him

th e h e art o f H e nry wh o was al so aware o f his t al e n t s fo r bu s i n e ss
,

, ,

a nd d e l ight e d with his s k i ll in th e th e ol ogy o f th e s chool s Pre fe r

me nt s rapi d l y fl owe d in upo n him O n the t ak i n g o f T ournay he
.

was mad e bi s hop o f th at s e e he th e n be came D e an o f York th e n

B i s hop o f L i nco l n an d fi n all y A rchbi shop o f York with i n o ne y e ar
,

W
,

H e was n o w courte d by fore ign pri n c e s an d e ve n t he ,

Pope to s e cure h is i n fl ue n ce s e n t him a card i nal s hat ( 1 5 1 5 ) an d

, ,
’

t he same y e ar o n the re s ig nation o f A rchbi s hop

, are h am the ,

K i ng co nfe rre d o n him the o ffi ce o fCh an c e ll or T he Po nti ff fi nall y .

”

( 1 5 1 8 ) i nve s t e d him with the d ign ity o f Papa l Le gat e and his ambi

W
,

t to u s mi nd n o w as pire d e v e n to the P ap acy it s e l f .

T he we al_ th OM OLS E Y was e normous Be s i d es his archbi shopric .

,
\
he farméd th e re v e n u e s o f th e s e e s o f H e re fo rd an d orce s t e r
v hich we re h e l d by fore ig ne rs he h e l d in commen da m th e A bbe y
,

o f S t Al b an s an d the s e e o fBath which h e aft e rward s e x ch ang e d

, ,

fo r th e s ee o fD urh am and thi s agai n fo r the more we al thy s e e o f

.

\V in c he s te r H is l e gati n e court an d the ch an c e ry brought h im in

l arge e mol u me nt s and he had pe ns ions from the Pope the E mp e ror
.

, ,

an d th e Ki n g o f F ran c e Bou n d to c e l ibacy by h is ord e r pro fu s e

,

.
,

and v ai n by nature he bo ard e d no t his we al th

,
H e l iv e d in a s t y l e .

o f pri n c e l y magn ific e n c e an d b aro n s an d k night s we re amo n g the

,

o ffi ce rs o f his hou se hol d p alace s abb e y s coll e g es ros e o r we re , ,

t

e n larg e d by his mu nifi ce n c e T he l earn e d me n o f all cou n tri es

.

tas t e d o fhis boun ty A t the same ti me in his o fiic e o f Ch an ce ll or

.

he was j u s t and upright and his i mprove me n t s in the ad mi n i tratio n s

e n tit l e d him to th e gratitu d e o f the p e op l e

,

“
.

length h is sov e reign frown s ] The frown which presage d

“

S d ownfall c ame in 1 5 29 I n th at y ear aft e r l ong e n

W
. ,

d e avo u rs mad e with the Pop e to obtai n a court to try t he qu e s tio n

o f H e n ry s d ivorc e with C ath e ri ne o fA rrago n C ard i n al C amp e ggio
'

an d C ard i nal o ls e y his ass ess or we re ob l ige d to op en the L egat

 N otes . 613

me Court fro m which , H

ry s an gui ne l y e xpe ct e d a d e ci s io n in his
en

favour T he court bro k

e up without pro nou n ci ng j u d g me n t an d

W
,

the matt e r was tran sfe rre d to R o me whith e r H e n ry and C ath e ri ne

.

we re both cit e d to appe ar T he Ki ng s ange r at thi s d i s appo i n t me n t

'

fe ll upo n O L S EY who with th e whol e bo d y o f t he Church was

W
,

vi s it ed with the pe nal ti e s fo r h avi ng vio l at e d the S t atute o f Prm

, ,

mun ire .

A t M ich ae l mas O L SEY was de prived o f the Great S eal his

, ,

i mme nse prope rty was con fi s c ate d and he hi mse l f was ord e re d to ,

re s i d e in his d ioce s e o fYork A s hort ti me afte r re movin g thith e r

. ,

he was arre s t e d by the D u k e o f N orthu mb e rl an d o n a ch arge o fhig h

W
tre ason ; an d whi l s t trave ll i ng to Lon d on he was se iz e d with a
, ,

d y s e n t e ry and d i e d at the A bb e y o fLe ic e s t e r N ov e mbe r 28 1 5 3 0

, , , .

hat ga ve great V illiers to the ass ass in s hn zfe j (S e e above

'
14
,

Lo n don p ag e 59 n ot e
, ,

15 A nd
fi x ed d is eas e on H arley s clos ing lifi n] R O B ER T H ARLEY
'

W
,

E arl o f O x ford ( 1 66 1 was d e s ce n d e d fro m an an ci e n t fami l y

W W
in H e re ford A t the ti me o f the Re vol ution R ob e rt an d his fath er
.
,

rai s e d a troo p an d too k po s s e ss io n o f orc e s t e r fo r the Pri n ce o f

O range . O n the acc es s io n o f i ll i am he s upport e d the higs in ,

the H ou se o f Co mmo n s but aft e rward s p as s e d ov e r to th e T ori e s

W
, .

T hric e he was e l e ct e d to th e S p e ak e r s ch air I n 1 7 0 4 he was mad e

'

S e cre t ary o f S t at e an d re s ign e d four y e ars l at e r in co n se qu e n c e o f

,

the tre as o n o f o n e o f his c l e rk s O n the fall o f th e higs in 1 7 1 0 ‘

.
,

H AR LEY was appoi n te d Ch anc e ll or o f th e E xch e qu e r an d the ye ar ,

fo ll o wi n g cre at e d a pe e r S ho rt l y aft e r h e was cre at e d L ord

.
,

T reas ure r an d h e l d th e po s t t i ll withi n thre e d ay s o f the c l o s e o f

,

t he re ign For his part in the Tre aty o f U tre cht he was i mpe ach e d
.

in 1 7 1 5 A ft e r two ye ars i mpri sonme nt in the Tower he was d is

.
'

ch arge d The E arl o f O x ford s urviv e d h is i mpri s o nme n t in the

,

T o we r se ve n ye ars H e was a gre at p atro n to l ite rature an d s p are d

.
,

n o p ai ns or e xp e n s e in co ll e cti n g pri nt e d boo k s an d v al u ab l e man u

s cript s T hi s co ll e ctio n o f man u s cript s was purch ase d by Parl i a

W WW
.

me n t (26 G e o I V ) and forms the we ll k no wn H ARLE I AN Co ll e ction

. .
-

in the Briti s h Mu se u m .

16
h at mu rd ered DV en tworth J T H OM A S E NT OTH E arl ,

o fS trafl o rd fl ouri s h e d 1 5 93 —
, 1 641 H e was e d ucat e d at C amb ri d g e
.

s at in two P arl i ame n t s in th e re ig n o f J ame s I

,

I n 1 627 he was

W
.

i mpri s o ne d fo r re fu s i n g to p ay to a force d l oan an d s pok e out ,

bo l d ly agai ns t t he publ ic gri e vanc e s S oo n afte r he acce pt e d the .

ove rture s o f the Court an d was mad e Baron e n t worth —th e n he

,

be c am e Pre s i d e n t o f the Cou n ci l o f the N orth and a P ri m? ,

70 N o tes .

Cou n ci ll or Se nt ove r to gove rn Ire l and his gove rnme n t was

. ,

mark ed by oppre ss ive se ve rit y I n 1 640 he was s u mmo n e d to .

E ng l and mad e E arl o f S trafl o rd i mpe ach e d by Py m an d be h e ad e d

, , ,

M ay 1 2 1 6 41 , M acau l ay says . H e e mp l oy e d all h is po we rs fo r

c rus hi ng those l ibe rtie s o fwhich he had bee n the mos t d i s ti n gui s he d
champion H is coun s e l s res pe cti ng pub l ic affairs we re fi e rce and
.

arbit rary I n I re l and wh e re h e s t o o d in t he p lac e o f the K i ng he

.
, ,

s e t up the authority o f t he e x e cutive ove r th at o f t he courts o f

law
’
.

17
t D W AR D H YDE E arl o f C l are nd o n
a t exi led Hy d e ] E ,

( 1 60 8 was e d uc at e d at M ag d al e n Co ll eg e O x ford and the , ,

M i d d l e T e mp l e H e e n t e re d Parl i ame n t in 1 640 too k part agai n s t

. ,

S t rafford but s oo n afte r d i s p l ea s e d at the vi o l e n ce o f t he P arl i a

'

, ,

me n tary proc e e d i ngs he gave s uppo rt to the Court Ch ar le s no w ,

mad e him o n e o f his cou nse ll ors H e fl ed from E ngl and in 1 645
.

and was o ne o f the pri n ci pa l ad h e re nt s and ad vi se rs o f Ch arl es I I

,

W
.

A t the R es toratio n he ro se to be Ch an c e ll or but his h augh tiness ,

an d t e mpe r prod uce d a g e n e ra l d i s l i k e which e n d e d in h is i mpe ach

me n t . h e n in e xi l e he mov e d about from p lace to p la ce ti ll he
die d at R oue n H is priv at e ch aract e r was goo d his pub l ic o n e n o t
,

.
,

s uf fi ci e n t l y fi rm and cou rage ou s H y d e s d aught e r marrie d J ame s l l

'

ll
. .

do me his fu tu re ] The ma
' '
13 O er B od ley la bou rs
s s
p read s

original U nive rs itv L ibra ry O x ford had be e n co mp le t e l y d e , ,

s po i l e d and in 1 5 56 e ve n t he fitti ng s o f the roo m ov e r t he D i vi n ity

,

S ch o o l we re s ol d I n 1 5 5 1 T H O M A S BO DLEY E s q s o me ti me F e ll o w
.
, .
,

o fM e rto n res o l ve d to res tore the L ibrary an d se cure it by an e u

, ,

d o wm e n t o fland I n 1 60 2 the l ibrary was agai n ope n ed with more

.

th an boo ks I n 1 6 1 7 the foun d e r who had be e n k n ight ed by

. , ,

J ames I mad e e xte ns ive add itions to it and le ft his prope rty fo r thi s
.
,

purpo se .

‘9
A n d B acon s ma n s io n tre mbles o e r h is head 1 The re is a trad i
' '

tion th at the s tu d y o f F ri ar Bacon bui l t o n an arch ove r the bri dge , ,

wi ll fall wh e n a man gre at e r th an Ba co n s h all pas s u nd e r it To .

pre ve n t so shoc ki ng an occ u rre n ce it was pulle d d o wn many 3 ears

s i n ce (J O H N SO N S n ote )
’

. .

ROG ER B A CO N the F ran ci s can friar fl ouri sh e d at O x ford about

, ,

1 2 1 4 92 - B y his d e votio n to phy s ica l s ci e n ce h e g aine d t he re

.

put atio n o f a s orc e re r H is Op u s A l ojas is an e n qui ry i n to the .

root s o fwi sd o m—viz l an guage math e matic s optics and e xpe ri , , ,

me n t al s ci e n ce .

To bu ried mer it ra is e the ta rdy bu s t ] T hi s re fe rs to S A M U EL

B U T LER the a utho n the H u dibras
,
T he rapi d s ucc es s o f thi s .
 N otes .
71
o m br o ught B U T LER u nd e r the n otic e o f th e Court who se
p e ,

i nte re s t s the satire had so p o we ifu lly se rve d C H ARLE S I I pre se n t e d . .

the author with pro mi s i ng to d o more fo r him T hi s .

pro mi se the K i ng ne ve r fu l fi ll e d ; and the gre at wit aft e r l ivi ng in ,

pove rty or ob s curity fo r a fe w y e ars l onge r d i e d in 1 68 0 in a

'

wre tch e d l o d gi ng in Cove n t G arde n th e n the mo s t mi s e rab l e an d ,

s qu al i d qu arte r o f L o n d o n H e was e ve n i nd e bt e d to the ch ari ty

.

of a f ri e nd fo r a grave S ome ti me afte r his d e ath he re ce ive d the

. ,

ho nour o f a mo nu me n t . T hi s t ard y re cogn ition o f BU T LER S

’

me rit gave origi n to o ne o f the acut e s t e pigrams in the E ngl i sh

W
language
hi l s t But l e r nee d y wre tch was y e t al ive
, , ,

N o g e n e rou s p atron wou l d a d inn e r give ,

Se e him wh e n s t arve d to d e ath and turne d to d u s t

,

Pre se n t e d with a mo n u me nt al bu s t
T he poe t s fat e is h e re in e mb l e m s hown
'

H e as k e d fo r b re ad and he re ce ive d a s tone .

21 H ear Ly d iat s life ] T he hi s tory o f L YD IA T

’
be i ng litt l e
k ll
no wn , the fo owing accoun t o fhim may be acc e pt ab e l to many o f
my reade rs I t appe ared as a n ot e in the S upp l e me n t to the
.

l Ie/z llema u s Al agaz iu e fo r 1 748 in which s o me p as sag e s e xtract e d

'
'

fro m jo H N SO N s po e m we re in se rt e d an d it s hou l d h ave b e e n ad d e d

'

in t he s ubs e qu e n t e d itio n s — A v e ry l earne d d ivi ne an d math e .

‘

mat ic ian Fe ll o w o f N e w Co lle ge O xo n and R e ctor o f O c k e rto n

, , ,

n e ar Banbury H e wrot e amo ng oth e rs a Lati n tre ati se D e N a tu r i

. t

C a li & c in which he att ac k e d the se n ti me n t s o f S C AL IG ER an d

, .

A R ISTO I L E n o t be ari n g to h ear it u rge d tha t s o me t/g

'

i u s are tr u e
' ‘

, g ,

in p/z i/osop/zy an d fa ls e in d iv in ity H e mad e above s ix hu n d re d .

s e r mo ns o n t he H a rmo ny f til e E u augelis ts Be i n g u ns ucce ss fu l

o .

in pub l i s hi ng his work s he lay in the pri so n o f Bo c ard o at O x ford

, , ,

in d in the K i n g s Be n ch ti ll B i s hop U s h e r D r Lau d S ir

'

, , . ,

VV iliam Bo swe ll an d D r Pi nk re l e as e d h im by p ayi n g h is d e b t s

, .
, .

H e p e titio ne d Ki ng Ch arl e s I to be se n t i n to E thiopi a to .

pro cure M S S H avi ng s po k e n in favour o f mo n archy and bi s hop s

.
,

he was p l un d e red by the Parl i ame n t ary forc e s and t wic e c arri e d ,

away pri so ne r f ro m his re ctory an d aft e rward s had n o t a s hirt to ,

s hi ft him in three mo nth s without be borrowe d it and die d ve ry po or ,

( BOS W ELL S L 1] ? of y o/ msou )

'

in 1 646
Galileo s en d ] GA L I LE O was t he s o n o fa Flore nti ne nob l e~
. .

93
'

man an d was born at Pi sa 1 564 A t the age o f t we n t four he

‘

, .
v-
72 N otes .

be came Mat h e matical Pro fe ss or at Pi sa H e was ob l iged to re sign .

his pro fe ssors hip in 1 5 92 and we n t to Pad ua T h e re h e i n v e n t e d a

W
, .

t e l e s cope and with it he mad e so me re mark abl e as tron o mical d is

,

c o ve rie s J upit e r s sat e llit e s S at urn s ri ng s t h e S un s s po t s an d t h e

' ' '

, , , ,

s t arry n ature o f th e M i lk y ay H e n ce he ch ampio n e d t he .

Cope rn ican s y s t e m Twice he was brought be fore t he I n quis itio n

. ,

in 1 6 1 5 and 1 63 3 O n both occas io ns h e was co mpe ll e d t o abj ure

.

t he Cope rn ican s y s t e m Mi l ton vi s ite d him in pri s o n in 1 63 8 H e

. .

was affl ict e d with b l i nd n e ss an d die d in pris o n in 1 642 fro m t h e ,

ef fe c ts o f a s l o wl y co ns u mi n g fe v e r T his was the ye ar in which .

S ir I N E WT O N was born ( See H ALLA M S H is t of Literatu re

'

. . .

ch vi ii )
,

. .

gefu l ta lo n s se iz e on La u d ] J O H N SO N S high
' '
25 R ebe llion s v en

T ory pri n cip l es natural l y le d him to con s i d e r the civi l war be t we n

W
e

K i n g and Parliame nt as a grea t rebellion —s uch as C l are nd o n

t e rms it .

I LL I A M LA U D the so n o f a Be rkshire cl othi e r was born at

, ,

Re ad i ng I n 1 58 9 he e nte re d S t J oh n s Co llege O x ford o fwhich

. .
'

, ,

h e be ca me a F e ll o w an d u l ti mat e l y Pre s i de n t N e xt fro m Ch ap l ai n .

to K i ng J ames he be came D ean o f G l ouce s t e r th e n Bi s hop o fS t , .

D avi d s I n 1 628 he was re mov e d to L o n d o n and be came Pri mat e

'

. ,

in 1 63 3 H is ad mi n i s tration was fat al to Ch arl e s an d himse l f and

WW
. ,

t he se v e riti es o f th e S tar Ch ambe r made him d e t e s t e d H e was .

e x e cut e d 1 643 .

24 Tb
p lu n deredpalace ] T his has re fe re n c e to
e hit e h all e .

s ti ll po sse ss the P arl i ame n ta ry ord e r pe rmitti n g Mr joh n Mi l ton ’

W W
.
,

La ti n Se cre t ary o f the H ou se o f Common s to choo se an d t ak e ,

‘

away s uch h angi n gs as he thi nk s fit fro m t he d i s man tl ed p al ace o f ,

'

h it e h all S cott s n ove l o f oods tock give s a picture o f s ce ne s

.
'

th at too k p l ace th e re an d e lse wh e re in the hou ntry

'

TIre s eq u es te red ren t ] S equ es tra tio ns we re firs t i ntro d uc ed .

by Sir N IC H O LA S BA C O N K ee pe r o f the Se al s to Q uee n E l izabe th ,

Co mmi ss ione rs call e d S eq u es tra tors

,

a nd f ath e r o f Lo rd Bacon . , ,

we re appo i n t e d who se provi n ce it was to d i s cov e r an d pu n i s h by

,

fi n e any favoure rs o f R oy al ty .

96
G az ette s po mpo u s ta le ] T he firs t E ngl i s h G aze tt e was
'

pub l i s he d at O x ford t he Court be i ng th e re th e n o n accoun t o f t he

,

p l agu e N ove mbe r 7 1 665 O n the re moval o fthe Court to the capit al
, .

t h e tit l e was ch an ge d to t he Lo n do n G a ze tte F e bru ary 5

,

1 666 ,

Lo n do n G a ze ttes E x traord in a ry are u se d fo r the pub l icatio n o f

, .

e xt raord i nary o f fici al n e ws O ne o f th e se l atter was forge d with a .

 N otes . 73
vi e w o f afi e c ting th e fund s M ay 22 1 7 8 7 The frau d su cce e d e d
'

’
‘

, . ,
‘

an d th e pe rpe t rators o f it we re ne ve r d i s cov e red ( H AYDN S D ic .

t ion a ry o f D ates ) .

27
A u d s ta in w ith blood the D an u be and the R hin e ] T hi s has
re fe re n ce to the b attl es fought by MARL B O R O UG H s uch as the ,

S i ge of B on n b att l e s o fH ochs tad t an d D on a u werth 3 the c ampaign

e

o n t he R hi ne in 1 734 and the b att l es o f D e tti ng e n and Fo nt e noy

,

W
,

in 1 743 and 1 745

l
.

F rom age to age in everlas ting a ebt ] The pre se n t nationa

’
23 .

d e bt co mmen ce d in the re ign o f i liam I I I I t had amount e d in l .

1 697 to 5 ooo ooo l I n 1 749 the d at e o f thi s po e m to ,

l
, , . ,

I n 1 8 56 it was n e ar y S i n c e th at ti me it has b ee n
re d uce d

W
.

29 H ow u s t h s ho es le t wedish Charles decide

j i p S ] C H ARLE S X I I . .

of S we d e n uccee de d to the thro ne at the age o f fi ft e e n in 1 697

s , .

h e n he was e ight e e n a l eague was forme d agai nst him ,

'

d e ri c I V the Ki n g o f D e nmark Augu s tu s E l e ctor o f S axo n y and

. , , ,

K i ng o f Pol and and Pe te r I o f R u ss ia the obj e ct o f which was to

d i s me mb e r Po l an d C harle s att ack e d Cope n h age n an d in a fe w
, . ,

. ,

we e k s forced the K i ng o f D e nmark to s u e fo r pe ac e H e th e n d e .

fe at e d the R u ss i an s at N arva N e xt he t u rne d h is arms ag ai n s t .

K i ng A ugu s tu s U l ti mat e l y he d e po sed him an d S t an i s l au s be

.
,

came K i ng o f Pol and i n s t e ad C harle s th e n i n vad e d R u ss i a an d . ,

u lti mat e l y l ai d si e ge to Pu lto wa wh e re the R uss i ans had coll e cte d ,

gre at s tore s Pe t e r the Gre at arrivi n g t o re l i e ve it C harle s ri sk e d

. ,

a ge ne ral b att l e which e n d e d in th e d e f, e at o fth e S we d e s Ch arl e s .

too k re fuge in Turk e y an d the S ultan A c hme t I I I as s igne d him , , ,

a l ibe ral all owan ce an d the to wn o f Be n d e r o n the D n i e s t e r

.

In .

1 7 1 4 Ch arl e s l e ft T urk e y and without goi n g to S toc k hol m i mme , , ,

d iate ly too k the fi e l d agai ns t P ru s s i a D e n mark S axo n y and R u ss i a , , , .

H e was ob l ige d to re turn to S wed e n in 1 7 1 5 I n 1 7 1 6 he i nv ad e d .

N orway ; and agai n in 1 7 1 8 wh e n b e s i e gi n g Fre d e ric shall in the ,

mi d s t o fwi nt e r he was k i ll e d by a mu sk e t b all

, .

g kings the ir pow ers combin e ] P e t e r the

50 B eho ld s u rro u n d in

Gre at ; F re d e ric I V o fD e n mark Fre d e ric A ugus tus K i ng o fPol and

.
,

and E lec to r o f S axon y .

3 1 On e c
m
ié
ap itu la te ] Th e I f g n afl d n fi oo
g g fi g
ing o f Po l an d in 1 70 1
. .

-
f

g ] T he
5 2 A n d o n e res i n .

H id e Pu ltow a s d ay ] The b attle o f Pu ltow a was fought o n

' “

ju l y 8 1 709, .

3‘ 4 betty fortress an d a d u bio u s han d ] FR E D E R I CSIIA LL ,

on
74 N o tes .

t he coas t o fN orway I t has bee n a matte r o f con trove rs y wh e the r

.

C H ARLE S was s truc k by an e ne my s bulle t or o ne from s ome t rea '

c he ro us h an d amo n g h is o wn f ri e nds .

55 3 6 The bo ld B av aria n in a l u ck less ho u r

, ] T hi s all ud e s to th e .

war o f the A u s tri an S ucce s s io n in which E ng l and was co n ce rn ed , ,

1 741 — 1 7 48 C H AR LE S V I o f A u s tri a h avi ng no mal e h e ir ord ai ne d

. .
, ,

t he Pragma tic S a n c tio n by which a fe mal e was mad e e l igib l e to

s ucc e e d to the A u s tri an d o mi n io n s By virtue o f thi s o n Ch arl es s
,
'

.
,

d e ath in 1 740 his d aught e r M ari a T h e re sa s ucc e e d e d h im

'

, .

C H AR LE S A L B ER T E l e ctor o f Bav ari a put in a c l ai m to the

thro ne and was s upport e d by F ran ce and S pai n E ng lan d s upport e d
, ,

, .

Mari a T h eres a with an d me n .

Fre d e ric t he G re at o f Pru s s i a too k ad van tage o f circu ms t an c e s

to pli t in a cl ai m to part s o f S i l e s i a H e i nvade d it an d de fe at e d .
,

the A u s tri an s at M o lwitz A Fre n ch army i n vade d Bavari a pro

.

c l ai med the E l e ctor D u k e o f A us tri a an d u nd e r him marche d i nto

,

V ie nna H e was shortl y aft e r cro wne d Ki ng o fBoh e mia at Prague

. ,

and th e n e l e cte d E mpe ror at F ran k fort .

5 7 Tries the d re ad s u mmits o

f Ce sarean po wer ] H e as pire d to .

be E mpe ror .

53 F air A us tria s preads her mou rnfu l charms ,

The qu een , the beau ty sets the w orld in a rms ] T he f

air Arch
—
,

d uch es s of Au t
s ri a — MAR A
ppro ach o f the I TH E R E SA on the a

E l e ctor and the Fre n ch to V i e nn a fl e d to H u n gary A t Pe sth , .

s he ad d re sse d the M agn at e s in th e ir D i e t wh o d re w th e ir s word s ,

an d res po nd e d with the s hout M o riamu r p ro n os tro rege x iv

/ar ia , ,

59 The wild H u ssar r is an H un gari an t e rm

.
] T he word Hu ss a ,

an d re all y app l i es to the l ight ho rse me n o f th at cou ntry wh e n c e it ,

was i mport e d i nto oth e r E urope an armi e s (see GL OSS ARY pag e .
,

The bafl ed p rin ce in h on o u r s fl a tt ring bloom

’ '
4°

t as ty greatn ess , fi nds the fatal doom

blame
’ '

H is foes deris ion an d his su b ectsj ,

A n d s tea ls from angu is h an d from sha me ]

to d ea th t thi s A
j
.

un ctu re ( 1 745 ) an e v e n t h app e ned which se e me d to i ns ure s ucce ss

j
t o the pro e cts o f M ari a C H ARLE S (the E e ctor o f Bavari a) who
. l ,

l
was n atu ra ly o fan i nfirm co ns titutio n was worn out by gri e fat the ,

d e pre s s io n o f his o wn fortu n e s an d the

uffe rin gs o f his e xh aus t e d s

coun try T hough res tore d to a t e mpo rary po sse ss io n o fhis c apit al
.
,

he was in hourl y appreh e n s io n o f be i n g agai n d riv e n fro m t he se at

ofh is ances tors and re d uce d to a pre ca riou s de pe n de n c e o n France
,
, .
76 N o tes .

s h all fi rs t d ie a~ top N o r we re th ese me l an chol y pre d ict io ns

'

fal s ifi ed by the e ve n t A bout the year 1 73 6 he was attac ke d by

.

re pe ate d fi ts o f pai n and l os s o fme mory and in t he co mpos ition o f

th at t e rrifi c i nve ctive the L egion Clu b—he was se iz e d by a s pe ci e s
, ,

o f fit f rom wh e nce he ne ve r re cove red s uffi ci e n tl y to fi nis h the poe m .

T he l o n g an d me l an cho l y i nt e rval o fnine y e ars i n t e rve n i ng be t we e n

thi s time and his d eath was o ne u n i n te rrupt ed s ucces s ion o f me nt al
an d bo dil y s u f fe rin g H e pas se d fro m a d e p l orab l e a n d furious
.

mani a to a s tat e o f i diotcy an d the active politici an the re s i s t le s s ,

po l e mic the satiri s t the poe t an d the wit d i e d as he hi mse l f had

, , , ,

feared and h al fpre dict ed in a rage lik e a poi s o n ed rat in a hol e

’
‘
, , .

T hi s e ve n t too k p l ace O ctobe r 1 9 1 745 at D ub l i n (S H A W S O u t

'

, , .

lin es f Literatu re
o ,

from thi s
43 Yet V an e co u ld tell wha t ills beau ty s pring ] In
poe m 3 l i n e in which the d ange r atte nd i ng o n fe mal e
, . beauty is
me ntioned has ve ry g e ne rall y I be l i e ve bee n mis u nd e rs too d
Yet V an e co u ld tell wha t ills from beau ty pring
s .

W
Th e l y me ntioned he re was n ot the ce l e bra t e d L ADY V AN E who se
ad

me moirs we re give n to the pub l ic by D r S mo ll e tt but A N N E V A N E . , ,

who was mi s t re ss to F re d e ric k Pri n ce o f ale s an d d i e d in 1 73 6 , ,

n o t l ong be fore J OH N SO N s e tt le d in L o n d on S ome accoun t o f thi s .

L ad y was pub l i s h ed u n d e r the tit l e o f The S ecret H is to ry of V a n e lla ,

I n Mr BO S W ELL S To u r to the H e brid es ( p 3 7 fourt h

'
8 v0 1 7 3 2
. . . . .

e d itio n ) we fi n d s o me ob s e rv atio ns upo n thi s an d t he f o ll owi n g

li ne
y c u rs ed the form that p leas ed a hing] L ord
4 A n d S ed le
4

H A I LE S to ld J OH N SO N he was mi stak e n in the i ns tan c e s he had

give n o f u n fortunate fai r o ne s fo r ne ith e r V AN E no r S EDLEY had
, , ,

a tit l e to th at d es cription H is l ord s hip th e re fore thought th at the

.

l i ne s should h ave run thu s

Ye t S ho re could t e ll
A n d V a liere curs e d

W
O u r frie nd he add ed in a s ubse que n t n ot e ad d re ss e d to Mr
,

B OS ELL o n thi s s ubj e ct ) cho se V AN E who was far fro m we ll

l oo k i ng and S EDLEY (mi s tre ss o f J ame s I I ) who was so u gl y th at
,
,

,
.

Ch arl e s sai d h is broth e r had her by way o f pe nan ce ( N ot e by

.

, .

MAL O NE Bo swnu i s L ife of 7ohnson )

, .
 G LOS S A R Y .

A MBU It l b F bt SHbu h wo d ; Fr mb h
. a . osco , r . o s, a s , o . e u s c e r,

to go i to woo d or thic k t th c to li i w it
‘

n a e , en e e n a .

A A I N H hi h i h m f i toxic ti g d rug p
SS SS . as s s t e na e o an n a n . re

p r d f o m h mp i
a e mo g h
r tiv f h E e t H c , n u se a n t e na es o t e as . en e

A r b H hi / i
a . m giv to h m mb r f
as c ct i Syri
sc z n , a n a e en t e e e s o a se n a,

w h wou d th m l v up by d o fH h h to p rform
'

o n e llse es se s o as z s e at a

ri k h ord r fth ir l ord k ow

s t e h Sh ik
e s o O ld M f h e n n as t e e on an o t e

W
,

Mou t i An an h murd r f hi . mi wou l d b sh mo t t e e o s e ne es e t e s

d d d f th
re a e b h t h o m f i w giv to
e se e e s s, t e na e o ass as s n as en o ne

co mmi io d to p rform h murd r ( ED G W D D i t f

ss ne e t e e . OO
'

S c . o

E ty m l gy ) o o .

ATT RN EY M d L tt t O put i h t .or p l c o . at a

. or n a u s , o n e n t e u rn , a e,

o f oth r ; ccord i g to B l c k to
an e d fi itio awh i put i n a s ne s
'

e n n,
‘
o s n

h pl c t d or tur f oth r to m g hi m tt r fl w ’
t e a e, s ea , n o an e ana e s a e s o a .

AWKW AR D I i pr t ig ific tio u h dy m l droit ; . n ts e se n s n a n, n an , aa

which y i by m i et l i r Th r i good r o to thi k

s no e an s ts e ar e e e s e as n n

W
.

th t h
a m A g S
t e sa w g pp qu ll y i h fir t y ll b l
e n .
- ax . a c a e ars e a n t e s s a e

f wk w rd d w y w rd
‘
o a Tha wk d f d i han w y a a . e a en o a ro s t e a a

en d h t m k m tt r y th y if bird i g a h or cro w a es a e sa e a s n s au e

W
.
,

cro ? H o ll d L i y p 47 (T R EN C
ss
’
S l t Gl an y ) , v , . 2 . H S
'

e ec oss ar

B I ER
.

A g S B to b r th t which b r h corp
. n .
- ax . a ro n , ea , a ea s t e se

( ic l i f L uk ii 4) A d h c m y gh d t hid
'
‘
so , h
e v . 1 n e a e n an ouc e t e

CAN P Y M d Gr k m m t w mo quito curt i from

O . o . ee , u
-
s o , a s a n,

m mp g n at
u , a .

CA NVA SS L at can n abis h e mp To can vass a matte r

. .
, .
, is a
me t aphor take n fro m s i fti ng a s ubs tance through canvas s .
78 Glos s ary .

CELL . Lat . c ella, a s to re room -

, a p lace fo r de po s iti ng grain at

D AR KLI NG . T hi s is but an no part icip l e o fth e v e rb to darhle ,

adve rb o f d e rivatio n l i k e s tille nge = se cre tly ( M e d H igh Ge rman ) .
-

so blin dlin s bac kl i ns d ark lins & c in Lo wl an d S cotch (L A TH A M S

'

.
, , .

E ng La ngu age vo l ii
.
, . .

M ay no t l i ng be the co mmon d i mi n utive s uffi x ?thu s the word

'

whi l s t an ad ve rb woul d s igni fy whi l s t a l itt l e d ark at t wi l ight as in

W
, ,

t he e xpre ss io n o f Mi l to n the n igh tinga le s ings d a rkling , .

D O T AR D D utch do ten d u tte n de lira re d es ipe re to d ot e rav e

.
, , , , , , ,

be foo l i s h ( E D GW OO D D ie t of E ng E ty m ) The t e rmi natio n

.
, . . .

ard is aug me n t ative —o ne o fth e two we po s se ss

' ’
ard and o o n
‘
,

as d ot ard —b all oo n
,

W
.

D I SS I P A T ED L it e rall y sc atte re d h ere = spe n t in d i s s i patio n

. .

D E B A UC H ED Fr d éba u che B au che a course o f bri c k s in a

. . .
,

bui l d i ng h e n ce d es ba u clze r to throw out o f ord e r ( E DG W OO D

, , . ,

D ie t of E ty m ) T re n ch favours the d e riv atio n fro m Bacchu s Lat

. .
, .

debaccha ri to re v e l l i k e a bacch an al F r d ebae ehe r

, ( RIC H AR D , . .

SO N S D iction a ry )
'

FAR M A n g S ax jeor1n a suppe r bo ard ho spi tal ity ; jeor mian

. .
-
.
, , , ,

t o s upp l y with foo d T h e mo d e rn s e n se o f far m aro s e by d e gree s . .

I n the firs t p la c e l an d s we re le t o n co n d itio n o f s upp l yi ng the l ord

,

with so man y n ight s e n t e rt ai nme nt fo r his hous e ho l d T hu s the

’

S axo n Chro n ic l e A D 7 75 me n tio ns l an d le t by the A bbot o f

W
, . .
,

Pe t e rborough o n con d ition th at the t e nan t s hou l d p ay so l and .

o n es n ie h tes feorme i e o n e n ight s e n t e rtai n me nt T h e n of course

'

.
, . .
, ,

p ayme n t in k i nd grad uall y ch ange d to mone y p ayme nt ( E D G .

W OOD S D ie t ofE ng E ty m )
'

. . .

GA U DY Lat gau d iu m j oy . .
-

, .

GA Z E TT E Co mmonl y d e rive d fro m ga zze tta a small V e n e ti an

.
,

coi n s uppo se d to have bee n th e p rice o f the origi nal ne ws pape r ;

,

but the val ue o fthe coi n was s o s mall th at it cou l d ne v e r h ave pai d
fo r a writt e n or pri nt e d s h e e t T he tru e me an i n g o f t he word is .

s hown in th e It al ga zz etta all manne r o f i d l e c h att ings or v ai n ,

pratt l i ngs no w u se d for run n i ng re po rt s d ai l y ne ws & c The origi n

W
, , , .

o f the word is a re prese n t atio n o f the ch att e ri n g s ou n d o f bird s :

It al ga zz a a magp i e ; gaz z ettare to ch att e r as a pie or jay

.
, ,
.

( wo o n D ie t fE E ty m )
‘
E Do s . o ng . .

G t BB E T . Fr
gibe t I ta . , l .
gi n be tte, a ha l t r ; th
e en use d fo r the
frame wor k fro m which a man was hu ng .

GR OO M . D utch gram a youth ; Goth , , .

gu ma A , . S gy
- . m z n to ,
 W W
Gloss ary .
79
t
at e nd O -S bridegn mo ,
. . bri de groo m . h e th e r -r has be e n in
se t e d t in case o r l o s t in th e oth e r we can not s ay ( E DG

W
o ne .

W OO D D ist fE
o ty m)
G U LLE D ll k
, . .

, d upe d , me t aphorica y ta en fro m the s tupi d ity o fthe

me w It al gn lon e ; e l s h gwy lan fro m the p e cu l i ar wai l i ng
“

sea- . .
, ,

cry o f the bird

H ER M IT or ere mite from p ms a dese rt One who d we ll s ,
'
e
'

r o
, .

al on e in the d e s e rt
,

H IND A word corrupt ed in sound from A S hine a se rvant

. .
- .
, .

HU SSAR H ungari an a l ight horse man hu sz = twe nty and

. ,

ar = p ay E v e ry t we n ty house s furn i sh e d o ne c av al ry s o l d i e r
. .

J A I L U l ti mate l y d e rive d from Lat car/ea a cave or ce ll ar bu t

. .
, ,

GO AL from co u lis a s t e m or po l e rou nd which the ch ariote e r d rove

, , .

L EN ITI VE fro m len ire to ass u age , .

MA SSA C R E Co mmonl y d e rive d from O -F macecrier ab u tche r;

,
'

. . .
,

Lat macellu s a me at mark e t

. , .

MADDED i e madd e ne d en as a s uffix mak e s a ve rb cau sative

, . .
, ,

thu s mad d e n = to mak e mad .

MA I N L it e rall y po we rful mighty chi e f pri ncipal ; so mai n

. , , , ,

t e mai n se a mai n l an d mai n mas t A S nz agan to be ab l e

. .
,
-
In ,
-
.
-
. , .

co mpos itio n main s ig nifi e s gre at .

M nrno p o ms wimp an d éA s the moth e r city .

n c z
.

M I M IC Gr l ia L at mimu s ; a farc ical e n t e rt ai nme n t or the

. l cs .

actor in it h e n c e an i mit ator , .

M OT LEY Mot l e y l i fe Al otley originall y me an t a h abit c o m

. .
‘

po sed o fvariou s col ours the cu s to mary dre ss o fa d ome s tic foo l , .

I nvest me in my motley giv e me l e ave to s pe ak my mi nd .

A s y ou like it ii 7 , . .

M e n o fmot l e y is e quival e nt to foo l s

' ’
‘
.

O S I ER Fr os ier a wi ll ow wi ll ow t wig wicke r bask et

. .
, , , .

PARA S I T E Gr p da c ; Lat paras itas ; o ne who t ak e s foo d

. .
fl a t ro .

( im s ) with an oth e r
a .

PL U NDER D utch plon deren The word is s uppo se d to h ave

, , .

bee n i n tro d uce d i nto E ngl an d at the comme n c e me n t o f t he Gre at

R e be ll ion .

PR EY Lat p ra da booty . .
, .

R AN SA CK A S ran rapi ne b l und er and secan to seek = to

. .
-
. .
, ,

see k f o r p l u nd e r .

S E CU R E re sine c u rd , t . .

S Y C O P H AN T Gr fro m i nd icti ng pe rso ns that ex

. .
80 Glos s ar
y .

porte d figs ah i nforme r ; an i nforme r o f anythi ng p l e asi ng to the

, .

h e are r ; a fl attere r a p aras ite , Th e y say th e y d id fo rbid in t he

.
‘
'

o ld ti me th at me n s houl d carry fi gs out o f the cou n try o f A ttic a ;

an d t hat fro m th e nce it came th at tho s e pic k th an k s which b e tray -

and accus e th e m th at tran s po rt e d fi gs we re call e d sy copha n ts .

( RIC H AR D SO N E ng D iet )
, .

T RAN S M UT E A wo rd borrowe d from Al ch e my which ai me

.

.
,

at ch angi n g b ase r me t al s i n to go l d
.

V A SS AL . Fe udatory or v asal was onl y anoth e r name fo r the

‘

t e nan t or ho l d e r o fthe l and s though o n accou n t o f the prej u d ice s

,

which we h ave j u s t l y co n c e ive d agai ns t the d octri nes g raft e d o n

thi s s yst e m we n o w u s e the word nasal opprobriou sl y as sy no ny mou s
,

t o s l ave a bo n d man
’
B L A C K SI O N E ' ‘

. .
,

L o w L at V as sus is d e rived from was a p l e d ge o fs ure ty The

W
. .
,

vas sal s we re und oubt e d l y t e nant s upo n p l e dge to ren de r c ert ai n ,

s e rvic e s to th e ir l ord

W W
.

H E RRY may be fro m A

, S fa ra n to go ; but oth e rs t ak e it
.
- .
,

fro m we rian to we ary , .

OU D
. A n e rror fo r wou l d ou l d an d s hou l d are prope r but
. ,

in cou ld the l is i nse rt e d by a fal s e anal ogy from the e x amp l e o f

wou l d and s hou l d The word shou l d be co u t/z e or coud no t s o wou a
’
. ,

to re move the I fro m which wou l d be wro ng .

S O P TT I S W OO D E
PR I N T E D
A ND CO

LON DO
.
,
BY

NE

N
WTR EET-S S QU AR E