Chapter 7 (Alternating Current) Unsolved

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CBSE 12th Physics

Chapter 7 (Alternating Current)
Important Unsolved Questions
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CBSE 12th Physics
Unsolved Important Questions
Chapter 7
1 Mark Questions:
Q.1. The instantaneous current and voltage of a.c. circuit are given by i = 10 sin 300 tA
and v = 200 sin 300 tV.
What is power dissipation in the circuit?
Q.2. Mention the two characteristic properties of the material suitable for making core
of a transformer.
Q.3. Why is the use of A.C. voltage preferred over D.C. voltage? Give two reasons.
Q.4. Define the term 'wattles current'.
2 Mark Questions:
Q.5. State the underlying principle of transformer. How is the large scale transmission
of electric energy over long distance done with the use of transformers?
Q.6. Prove that an ideal capacitor, in an a.c. circuit does dissipate power.
Q.7. Derive an expression for the impedance of an a.c. circuit consisting of an inductor
and a resistor.
Q.8. A capacitor 'C', a variable resistor 'R' and a bulb 'B' are connected in series to the
ac mains in circuit as shown. The bulb glows with some brightness. How will the glow of
the bulb change if:
(i) A dielectric slab is introduced between the plates of the capacitor, keeping resistance
R to be the same:
(ii) The resistance R is increased keeping the same capacitance?
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Q.9. Two electric bulbs P and Q have their resistances in the ration of 1:2. They are
connected in series across a battery. Find the ratio of the power dissipation in these
bulbs.
3 Mark Questions:
Q.10. A 100 𝝁 capacitor in series with a 40 ohm resistance is connected to a 100 𝑽𝟏 60
Hz supply calculate (i) the reactance (ii) the impedance (iii) maximum current in the
circuit.
Q.11. Obtain the resonant frequency 𝝎𝒓 of a series LCR circuit with L = 2.0H, C=32 𝝁𝑭
and 𝑹 = 𝟏𝟎 𝛀. What is Q-value of this circuit?
Q.12. A voltage V= 𝑉0 sin 𝜔𝑡 is applied to a series LCR circuit. Derive the expression for
the average power dissipated over a cycle.
Under what condition (i) no power is dissipated even though the current flows through
the circuit?
(ii) Maximum power is dissipated in the circuit?
Q.13. An inductor 200mH, capacitor 500 F, resistor 10 are connected in series with a
100 V variable frequency a.c. source. Calculate the:
(i) frequency at which the power factor of the circuit is unity
(ii) current amplitude at this frequency
(iii) Q-factor
Q.14. The figure shows a series LCR circuit with L = 5.0 H, C = 80 𝝁F, R = 40 ohm
connected to a variable frequency 240 V source. Calculate
(i) The angular frequency of the source which drives the circuit at resonance.
(ii) The current at the resonating frequency.
(iii) The rms potential drop across the capacitor at resonance.

Q.15. In a series LCR circuit connected to an ac source of variable frequency and

voltage 𝒗 = 𝒗𝒎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝝎𝒕 draw a plot showing the variation of current (I) with angular
frequency (ω) for two different values of resistance 𝑹𝟏 and 𝑹𝟐 (𝑹𝟏 >𝑹𝟐 ). Write the
condition under which the phenomenon of resonance occurs. For which values of the
resistance out of the two curves, a sharper resonance is produced? Define Q-factor of
the circuit and give its significance.
Q.16. (i) Find the value of the phase difference between the current and the voltage in
the series LCR circuit shown below. Which one leads in phase : current or voltage ?
(ii) Without making any other change, find the value of the additional capacitor C1, to
be connected in parallel with the capacitor C, in order to make the power factor of
the circuit unity.
5 Marks Questions:
Q.17. An a.c. source generating a voltage 𝒗 = 𝒗𝒎 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝝎𝒕 is connected capacitor of
capacitance C. find the expression for the current, i , through it. Plot a graph of v and i
versus t to show that the current is 𝝅/𝟐 ahead of the voltage.
A resistor of 200 𝛀 and a capacitor of 𝟏𝟓. 𝟎 𝝁𝑭 Fare connected in series to a 220 V, 50
Hz a.c. source. Calculate the current in the circuit and the rms voltage across the
resistor and the capacitor. Is the algebraic sum of these voltages more than the source
voltage? if yes, resolve the paradox.
Q.18. Draw a schematic diagram of a step-up transformer. Explain its working

principle. Deduce the expression for the secondary to primary voltage in terms of the
number of turns in the two coils. In an ideal transformer, how is this ratio related to the
currents in the two coils?
How is the transformer used in large scale transmission and distribution of electrical
energy over long distances?
Q.19. Prove that an ideal inductor does not dissipate power in an a. c. circuit.
Q.20. State the working of a.c. generator with the help of a labelled diagram. The coil of
an a.c. generator having N turns, each of area A, is rotated with a constant angular
velocity 𝝎. Deduce the expression for the alternating emf generated in the coil. What is
the source of energy generation in this device?
Q.21. (a) Show that in an a.c. circuit containing a pure inductor, the voltage is ahead of
current by 1p/2 in phase.
(b) A horizontal straight wire of length L extending from east to west is falling with
speed v at right angles to the horizontal component of Earth's magnetic field B.
(i) Write the expression for the instantaneous value of the emf. induced in the wire.
(ii) What is the direction of the emf?

(iii). Which end of the wire is at the higher potential?
Q.22. A device 'X' is connected to an ac source 𝑽 = 𝑽𝟎 sin t. The variation of voltage,
current and power in one cycle is shown in the following graph:
(a) Identify the device 'X'.
(b) Which of the curves A, B and C represent the voltage, current and the power
consumed in the circuit? Justify your answer.
(c) How does its impedance vary with frequency of the ac source? Show graphically.
(d) Obtain an expression for the current in the circuit and its phase relation with ac
voltage.
Q.23. (a) Draw a labelled diagram of an ac generator. Obtain the expression for the emf
induced in the rotating coil of N turns each of cross-sectional area A, in the presence of
⃗⃗ .
a magnetic field 𝑩
(b) A horizontal conducting rod 10 m long extending from east to west is falling with a
speed 𝟓. 𝟎 𝒎𝒔−𝟏 at right angles to the horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic
field, 𝟎. 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝑾𝒃 𝒎−𝟐 . Find the instantaneous value of the emf induced in the rod
Q.24. (a) Derive an expression for the average power consumed in a series LCR circuit
connected to a. c. source in which the phase difference between. the voltage and the
current in the circuit is ∅.
(b) Define the quality factor in an a.c. circuit. Why should the quality factor have high
value in receiving circuits? Name the factors on which it depends.
Q.25. (a) Derive the relationship between the peak and the value of current in an a.c.
circuit.
(b) A step-up transformer converts a low voltage into high voltage. Does it not violate
the principle of conservation of energy? Explain.
Q.26. A series LCR circuit is connected to an ac source having voltage ν = 𝑽𝒎 sin ωt.
Derive the expression for the instantaneous current I and its phase relationship to the
applied voltage. Obtain the condition for resonance to occur. Define ‘power factor’.
State the conditions under which it is (i) maximum and (ii) minimum.
Q.27. (i) With the help of a labelled diagram, describe briefly the underlying principle
and working of a step up transformer.
(ii) Write any two sources of energy loss in a transformer.
(iii) A step up transformer converts a low input voltage into a high output voltage. Does
it violate law of conservation of energy? Explain.
Q.28. (a) A circular coil of cross-sectional area 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒄𝒎𝟐 and 20 turns is rotated about
the vertical diameter with angular speed of 50 rad 𝒔−𝟏 in a uniform magnetic field of
magnitude 𝟑. 𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟐 𝑻. Calculate the maximum value of the current in the coil.
(b) A power transmission line feeds input power at 2200 V to a step-down transformer
with its primary windings having 300 turns. Find the number of turns in the secondary
to get the power output at 220 V.
Q.29. An aero plane is flying horizontally from west to east with a velocity of 900
km/hour. Calculate the potential difference developed between the ends of its winds
having a space of 20 m. The horizontal component of the Earth’s magnetic field is 𝟓 ×
𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝐓 and the angle of dip is 𝟑𝟎𝟎 .
Q.30. A device X is connected across an ac source of voltage 𝐕 = 𝐕𝟎 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝛚𝐭. The current
through X is given as
𝛑
𝐈 = 𝐈𝟎 𝐬𝐢𝐧 (𝛚𝐭 + 𝟐).
(a) Identify the device X and write the expression for its reactance.
(b) Draw graphs showing variation of voltage and current with time over one cycle of
ac, for X.
(c) How does the reactance of the device X vary with frequency of the ac? Show this
variation graphically.
(d) Draw the phasor diagram for the device X.
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Perfect solution to all problems

Tips, Tricks, General Knowledge, Current Affairs, Latest Sample,

CBSE 12th Physics

Buy Physics Important Questions Solution Chapter Wise

Q.4. Define the term 'wattles current'.

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Q.15. In a series LCR circuit connected to an ac source of variable frequency and

Q.18. Draw a schematic diagram of a step-up transformer. Explain its working

(ii) What is the direction of the emf?

(a) Identify the device 'X'.

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