CHUYÊN ĐỀ 1: NGỮ ÂM

(PHONETICS)

A. PHÁT ÂM
I. LÍ THUYẾT
1. Cách đọc “s/ es”

/s/ /iz/ /z/

● khi từ có tận cùng là các p ● khi từ có tận cùng là các âm ● khi từ có tận cùng là các n
hụ âm vô thanh: /θ/, /f/, /k /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/, /dʒ/, /ʒ/ (thườ guyên âm và các phụ âm h
/, /p/, /t/ (thường có tận cù ng có tận cùng là các chữ: s, ữu thanh còn lại
ng là các chữ: gh, th, ph, k, ce, ge, ss, ch, x, sh, z) (sáu s ● Ex: drives, reads, goes, trie
f, t) (ghét thời phong kiến ung sướng chạy xe SH rồi) s, learns, dreams
phƣơng tây) ● Ex: kisses, fixes, prizes, was
● Ex: laughes, units, stops, hes, watches, races
works, months

2. Cách đọc “ed”

/id/ /t/ /d/

● khi từ có tận cùng là các p ● khi từ có tận cùng là các â ● khi từ có tận cùng là các ng
hụ âm: /t/, /d/ m: /θ/, /f/, /k/, /p/, /s/, /ʃ/, /tʃ uyên âm và các phụ âm hữu
● Ex: wanted, needed /, /dʒ/, /ʒ/ (thường có tận cù thanh còn lại
ng là các chữ: gh, th, ph, k, ● Ex: played, opened, tried, s
p, s, ce, ge, ss, ch, x, sh) miled, loved
● Ex: stopped, looked, misse
d, fixed, washed, watched,la
ughed, changed, practiced

Lưu ý: Đuôi “ed” trong các động từ sau khi sử dụng như tính từ sẽ được phát âm là /id/
bất luận “ed” sau âm gì: aged, blessed, crooked, dogged, learned, naked, ragged, wicked.

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 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 2: CẤU TRÚC THÌ

TENSES (Thì) FORM (Công Thức) ● SIGNALS (Dấu hiệu)

Hiện ● Động từ tobe: ● Các trạng từ chỉ tần suất: Always, usua
tại đơn (+) S + is/ am/ are + O. lly, often, sometimes, hardly,never
(-) S + is/ am/ are + not + O. ● Every (day/ week/ night/ month...)
(?) Is/ am/ are + S + O? ● In the morning/ afternoon/ evening

● Động từ thường:
(+) S + V-inf/ s/ es + O.
(-) S + do/ does + not + V-inf + O.
(?) Do/ does + S + V-inf + O?

Hiện (+) S + is/ am/ are + V-ing + O. ● Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian: Now, right
tại tiếp (-) S + is/ am/ are + not + V-ing + O. now, currently, at present, today, this
diễn (?) Is/ am/ are + S + V-ing + O? week
● Các câu cảm thán: Hurry up! Look!

Hiện (+) S + has/ have + Ved/ V3 + O. ● Just/ ever/ never/ already

tại (-) S + has/ have + not + Ved/ V3 + (have/ has + just ever/ never/ alread
hoàn O. y + Ved/P2)
thành (?) Has/ have + S + Ved/ V3 + O? ● Since + mốc thời gian
● Since + QKĐ, HTHT
● For + khoảng thời gian
● So far, not ......yet, up to now, lately, b
efore (cuối câu)
● Twice, three times, many times

Quá khứ đơn ● Động từ tobe: ● Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong quá kh
(+) S + was/ were + O. ứ: yesterday, ago, last (week/ month/ y
(-) S + was/ were + not + O. ear/…)
(?) Was/ were + S + O? ● In + năm quá khứ
● When + QKĐ
● Động từ thường:
(+) S + Ved/ V2 + O.
(-) S + did not + V-inf + O.
(?) Did + S + V-inf + O?

Quá khứ (+) S + was/ were + V-ing + O. ● By + giờ + trạng từ trong quá khứ
tiếp diễn (-) S + was/ were + not + V-ing ● While + QKTD, QKTD (diễn tả 2 hd
+ O. xảy ra song song cùng 1 lúc)
(?) Was/ were + S + V-ing + O? ● When + QKĐ, QKTD/ While + QTT

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 D, QKĐ (diễn tả 2 hd xảy ra, hd xảy r
a trước chia QKTD, hd xảy ra sau chia
QKĐ)

Quá (+) S + had + Ved/ V3 + O. ● by + trạng từ của quá khứ

khứ (-) S + had + not + Ved/ V3 + O. ● S + told/ said + that + QKHT
hoàn (?) Had + S + Ved/ V3 + O? ● Các liên từ nối: When/ Before/ By t
thành he time/ After/ As soon as:
- Before + QKĐ, QKHT
- When/ By the time + QKĐ, QKHT
- After/ As soon as + QKHT, QKĐ

Tương (+) S + will + V-inf + O.
lai đơn (-) S + will not + V-inf + O.
(?) Will + S + V-inf + O?
● Diễn tả một hành động thường quyế
t định ngay tại thời điểm nói
● Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong tươ
ng lai: tomorrow, next (week/ mont
h ...), soon, in the future

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 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 3: SENTENCES
S + like/ love/ enjoy/ hate +V-ing
Ví dụ:
⮚ I like swimming. (Tôi thích bơi lội.)
⮚ She hates washing clothes. (Cô ấy ghét giặt quần áo.)
⮚ My father doesn't like mountain - climbing. (Bố tôi không thích leo núi.)
Ngoài ra, sau những động từ chỉ sở thích này chúng ta cũng có thể dùng to – infinit
ive mà nghĩa của câu không hề thay đổi.
Ví dụ:
⮚ My sister loves to make model. (Chị gái tôi thích công việc làm người mẫu.)

CHUYÊN ĐỀ 9: CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG

LÍ THUYẾT
Cách chuyển
Chủ động (Active): Subject + Verb + Object

Bị động (Positive): Subject + Verb + by Object

(tobe + V-ed/ V3)
Ex: They planted a tree in the garden.
A tree was planted in the garden (by them).
Các bƣớc chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động
Bước 1: Xác định tân ngữ trong câu chủ động, chuyển thành chủ ngữ câu bị động.
Bước 2: Xác định thì (tense) trong câu chủ động rồi chuyển động từ về thể bị động theo côn
g thức (tobe + V-ed/ V3).
Bước 3: Chuyển đổi chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động thành tân ngữ thêm “by” phía trước.
Bảng quy đổi các thì ở thể bị động

Thì Chủ động (A) Bị động (P)

S + am/ is/ are + V-ed/ V3 + (by

Hiện tại đơn S + V-inf/ s/ es + O
O)

S + am/ is/ are + being + V-ed/

Hiện tại tiếp diễn S + am/ is/ are + V-ing + O
V3 + (by O)

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 Hiện tại hoàn S + have/ has + V-ed/ V3+ O S + have/ has + been + V-ed/ V3

thành + (by O)

S + was/ were + V-ed/ V3 + (by

Quá khứ đơn S + V-ed/ V2 + O
O)

S + was/ were + being + V-ed/ V3

Quá khứ tiếp diễn S + was/ were + V-ing + O
+ (by O)

Quá khứ hoàn S + had + been + V-ed/ V3 + (by

S + had + V-ed/ V3 + O
thành O)

S + will + be + V-ed/ V3 +
Tương lai đơn S + will + V-inf + O
(by O)

Động từ khuyết S + ĐTKT + be + V-ed/ V3 + (by

S + ĐTKT + V-inf + O
thiếu O)

Lưu ý
Không dùng "By + tân ngữ" nếu chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động có tính mơ hồ, chung chung
(people, something, someone, they, etc)
Ex: Someone stole my motorbike last night.
My motorbike was stolen last night.
Nếu S trong câu chủ động là: I, you, we, they, he, she => có thể bỏ đi trong câu bị động nế
u ta không muốn đề cập tới chủ thể gây ra hành động.
Ex: My father waters this flower every morning.
This flower is watered (by my father) every morning.
Nếu là người hoặc vật trực tiếp gây ra hành động thì dùng “by”, nhưng gián tiếp gây ra hàn
h động thì dùng “with”.
Ex: The bird was shot by the hunter.
The bird was shot with a gun.

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 Trong câu chủ động nếu có trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian và trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn khi chuyển san
g câu bị động sẽ có dạng:
trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn + by + trạng từ chỉ thời gian
Ex: Hoa is making a cake in the kitchen now.
A cake is being made in the kitchen by Hoa now.

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 UNIT 4 – FINAL TEST 
PRONUNCIATION
Choose the word whose bold part is pronounced differently from
others. Write A, B, C or D in the blank.
1. A. climb B. like C. find D. sit
2. A. head B. meat C. wear D. bear
3. A. sand B. hand C. man D. small
Choose the bold word that has a different stress pattern from the others. Write
A, B, or C in the blank.
4. A. happy B. slowly C. polite D. badly
5. A. comfortable B. successful C. creative D. enormous

USE OF ENGLISH
Choose the word or phrase that best completes each
sentence. Write A, B, or C in the blank.
6. The woman was  ______  on the bed.
A. lying B. kicking C. holding
7. Her students _________ books at 9 a.m. yesterday.
A. was reading B. were reading C. read
8. The phone ______ while she was sleeping.
A. Ring B. rang C. was ringing
9. We need to be ______  to take photos of wild animals.
A. polite B. patient C. rude
10. They can think   _________  to find the new solution.
A. happily B. creatively C. rudely
11. She is _________up her keys on the floor.
A. kicking B. standing C. picking
12.            the men watching TV?
A. were B. was C. be
13. While I                           out for work, it rained heavily.
A. go B. was going C. were going
14. We need to ask _________ to sit with a strange person.
A. Politely B. fast C. slowly
15. Where _____________ last weekend?
A. did you go B. were you going C. you went
16.  at that time yesterday?
A. Were they eating B. Did they eat C. They ate

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LISTENING
Listen to a talk about photography. Choose the correct answer, A, B or C. 
17. What does the speaker talk about photography?
A. Photography takes much time.
B. Photography is boring.
C. Photography is one of the best hobbies.
18. When did the speaker begin taking photos?
A. He was a teenager.
B. He was a child.
C. He doesn’t remember.
19. What did he like to take photos of?
A. Animals
B. All things
C. People
20. What kinds of camera are being used now?
A. Digital camera.
B. Phone cameras
C. Both A and B
21. What does he say about photographers?
A. They are great artists.
B. They are patient.
C. They are polite. 
Listen again and complete the table with the words in the box.
Photography is one of the world’s best-loved hobbies. Recently, it seems as
though everyone in the world has become a 22._______________. It’s so easy now
to take good photographs. When I was a teenager, photography was one of my
23._______________ hobbies. I loved taking photos of all kinds of things. I also had
a lot of photographic equipment. I couldn’t wait to get my 24._______________
developed. Now there are digital cameras and phone cameras. Anyone can take
really good photographs. What’s more, we can use all kinds of 25._______________
to change our photos and display them online. I think photography will get easier
and more 26._______________  in the future. I still think great photographers will
be like great artists.

READING
Read the passage and decide whether each statement is True or False. Write
True or    False in each blank.
Shooting Wildlife
Wildlife photography—whether you’re trying to photograph a herd of
elephants on the Serengeti Plains or squirrels in your backyard—is patience. Wild
animals are going to do what they’re going to do. Unfortunately, you can’t ask
them to look this way, do something cute, or stand where the light is better. You
have to be there, and ready, when they decide to look cute or do something

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interesting. Be prepared to wait, and wait, and wait—it takes a long time to get
good wildlife shots, even longer to make great ones.
But it’s not wasted time. The longer you spend with an animal or a group of
animals, the better you get to know them and their habits. You get to see different
individuals, and you’ll get to the point where you can expect what they might do at a
particular time of day or in a certain situation
27. We need to be patient to take good photos of wild animals. ___________
28. Wild animals can follow our instructions.  ___________
29. It’s a waste of time to wait to get a good photo.  ___________
30. Waiting for a long time helps us know the animals’ habits better. ___________
Choose the option that best completes each blank in the passage. Write A, B,
or C in the blank.
How to take better photos
It isn’t easy to (31)------------ wild animals because they are fast. You need to be
very (32) ------------ to wait for a long time. Find a comfortable place and sit
quietly. When people are doing sports, they don’t move slowly, so choose (33)
------------ where you stand. For dangerous sports, the photographer needs to be
creative and good at the sport, too. Remember, it’s (34) ------------ to take photos of
people you don’t know. Most people will happily say yes if you ask politely for
permission.
Holiday photos are often bad, so if you want to take a good photo, think creatively
and choose unusual (35) -------- ---- .
31. A. photograph B. take C. kick
32. A. polite B. creative C. patient
33. A. fast B. carefully C. comfortably
34. A. polite B. patient C. rude
35. A. angles B. permission C. sports
WRITING
Rearrange the words in a correct order to make a complete sentence.
36. the squirrel / eating / was / nuts / ?
____________________________________________________________________
_______________
37. where / your parents / travelling / were / last year / this time / ?
____________________________________________________________________
_______________
38. did / swim / Maria / yesterday / in a river / ?
____________________________________________________________________
_______________
39. your sister / sleeping / was / last night / at 7 p.m. / ?
____________________________________________________________________
_______________
40. you / what / do / did / last month / ?

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____________________________________________________________________
_______________
Rewrite the following sentences with the given beginning in such a way that
the meanings stay unchanged.
41. It is difficult to take photos of wild animals.
It is not ____________________________________________
42. Sportsmen usually move fast.
Sportsmen don’t usually ____________________________________________
43. Photographers need to think creative to take good photos.
Photographers think ____________________________________________
44. You need to wait for a long time.
You need to be ____________________________________________
45. Photographers also need to sit quietly.
Photographers should find a ____________________________________________
SPEAKING
Choose the best response to complete the conversation between Anna and Mike.
Write the answer in the blank.
Anna: Hey, these are good photos, Julie. 46.-------------------------?
Mike: Yes. My new phone takes really good photos. What do you think of this one?
Anna: I like it. That one’s brilliant. 
Mike:  Yeah, I’m pleased with it. I was very lucky.
Anna: But the poor guy wasn’t lucky! Where 47. ------------------------- when you
took it?
Mike:  I was sitting on a wall by the road. He fell off while he was cycling past me.
Anna: Well, it’s an amazing photo. Was it near here? 
Mike:  No, it was a cycling race near Bristol. 48. ------------------------- .
Anna:  Really? Did he take part in the race?
Mike:  You’re kidding! 49. -------------------------. 
Anna:  Well, it’s an amazing photo. I’m impressed!
Mike:  50. ------------------------- . Thanks.

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