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UNIT 4.

IN THE PICTURE
I. VOCABULARY
1. Photograph /ˈfəʊtəɡrɑːf/ (n): bức ảnh
2. climb up / klaɪm ʌp/ (v): trèo lên
3. hang from /hæŋ frɒm/ (phr.v): treo trên
4. hold /həʊld/ (v): giữ
5. jump up / ʤʌmp ʌp/ (phr.v): bật dậy
6. kick /kɪk/ (v): đá
7. lie on  / laɪ ɒn/ (phr.v): nằm
8. sit on /sɪt ɒn/ (phr.v): ngồi trên
9. stand in / stænd ɪn/ (phr.v): hỗ trợ
10. pick up /pɪk ʌp/ (phr.v): nhặt lên
11. walk on /wɔːk ɒn/ (phr.v): đi trên
12. enormous /ɪˈnɔːməs/ (adj): to lớn, khổng lồ
13. foreground /ˈfɔːɡraʊnd/ (pre): phía trước

II. READING
1. predict /prɪˈdɪkt/ (v): dự đoán
2. rubbish /ˈrʌbɪʃ/ (n): rác
3. ice-cream stick /ˈaɪsˈkriːm stɪk/ (n): que kem
4. success /səkˈses/ (n): thành công
5. clever /ˈklevə(r)/ (adj): thông minh
6. make decorations /meɪk ˌdɛkəˈreɪʃənz/ / (phr.v): làm đồ trang trí
7. start-up /ˈstɑːt ʌp/ (n): khởi nghiệp
8. collector /kəˈlektə(r)/ (n): nhà sưu tập
9. relaxing /rɪˈlæksɪŋ/ (adj): thư giãn
10. empty /ˈempti/ (adj): trống rỗng
11. meaningful /ˈmiːnɪŋfl/ (adj): ý nghĩa
12. recycle /ˌriːˈsaɪkl/ (adj): tái chế
III. LANGUAGE FOCUS
1. tyre /ˈtaɪə(r)/ (n): vỏ xe
2. happen /ˈhæpən/ (v): xảy ra
3. take a photo /teɪk ðə ˈsɛlfi / (phr.v): chụp ảnh
4. take the selfie /teɪk ðə ˈsɛlfi/ (phr.v): chụp ảnh tự sướng
5. T-shirt /ti-ʃɜːt/ (n): áo thun
IV. VOCABULARY AND LISTENING
1. rude /ruːd/ (adj): thô lỗ
2. politely /pəˈlaɪtli/ (adv): lịch sự
3. patient /ˈpeɪʃnt/ (adj): kiên nhẫn
4. creatively /kriˈeɪtɪvli/ (adv): sáng tạo
5. squirrel /ˈskwɪrəl/ (n): con sóc
6. ski /skiː/ (v): trượt tuyết
7. swim /swɪm/ (v): bơi
8. ride a horse /raɪd/ /ə/ /hɔːs/ (phr.v): cưỡi ngựa
9. nut /nʌt/ (n): quả hạch
10. Egypt /ˈiːʤɪpt/ (n): Ai Cập
11. travel across /ˈtrævl əˈkrɒs/ (phr.v): đi khắp nơi
V. SPEAKING
1. be pleased with / biː pliːzd wɪð/ (phr.v): hài lòng với

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2. take part in /teɪk pɑːt ɪn/ (phr.v): tham gia
3. impressed /ɪmˈprest/ (adj): ấn tượng
4. fall off / fɔːl ɒf/ (phr.v): ngã xuống, rơi xuống
5. ride a bike /raɪd/ /ə/ /baɪk/ (phr.v): đi xe đạp
VI. WRITING
1. rescue /ˈreskjuː/ (n): giải cứu
2. bulldozer /ˈbʊldəʊzə(r)/ (n): xe ủi đất
3. hole /həʊl/ (n): hố
4. climb out /klaɪm aʊt/ (phr.v): leo ra ngoài
5. walk away /wɔːk əˈweɪ/ (phr.v): bỏ đi
6. alive /əˈlaɪv/ (adj): còn sống
7. forest /ˈfɒrɪst/ (n): rừng
8. break /biːk/ (v): phá vỡ
VII. CULTURE
1. animation technique /ænɪˈmeɪʃ(ə)n tɛkˈniːk/ (n): kỹ thuật hoạt hình
2. zoopraxiscope /zuː ˈpræksɪs skəʊp/ (n): kính zoopraxiscope
3. cinematograph /sɪnəˈmætəgrɑːf/ (n): phim điện ảnh
4. cartoon /kɑːˈtuːn/ (n): phim hoạt hình
5. film-maker /ˈfɪlm meɪkə(r)/ (n): nhà làm phim
6. blockbuster /ˈblɒkbʌstə(r)/ (n): bom tấn
7. cell /sel/ (n): ô
8. background /ˈbækɡraʊnd/ (n): nền
9. character /ˈkærəktə(r)/ (n): nhân vật
10. stick figures /stɪk ˈfɪgəz/ (phr.n): hình gậy đơn giản
11. special effect /ˈspɛʃəl ɪˈfɛkt/ (phr.n): hiệu ứng đặc biệt

CẤU TRÚC THÌ QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN (PAST CONTINUOUS)

TENSES (Thì) FORM (Công Thức) ● SIGNALS (Dấu hiệu)

Quá khứ đơn ● Động từ tobe: ● Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong quá khứ:
(+) S + was/ were + O. yesterday, ago, last (week/ month/ year/…)
(-) S + was/ were + not + O. ● In + năm quá khứ
(?) Was/ were + S + O? ● When + QKĐ

● Động từ thường:
(+) S + Ved/ V2 + O.
(-) S + did not + V-inf + O.
(?) Did + S + V-inf + O?

Quá khứ (+) S + was/ were + V-ing + O. ● By + giờ + trạng từ trong quá khứ
tiếp diễn (-) S + was/ were + not + V-ing ● While + QKTD, QKTD (diễn tả 2 hd xảy
+ O. ra song song cùng 1 lúc)
(?) Was/ were + S + V-ing + O? ● When + QKĐ, QKTD/ While + QTTD,
QKĐ (diễn tả 2 hd xảy ra, hd xảy ra trước
chia QKTD, hd xảy ra sau chia QKĐ)

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THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN VÀ QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN

Quá khứ đơn Quá khứ tiếp diễn

Khẳng S + verb (v-ed/v2) + (object) S + was/were + v-ing + (object) + …


định +…

Phủ S + did not/didn’t + verb S + was not/were not + v-ing + (object) + …


định  (nguyên mẫu) + (object) + S + wasn’t/weren’t + v-ing + (object) + …

Nghi Did + subject + verb Was/Were + S + v-ing + (object) + … ?


vấn (nguyên mẫu) + (object) +
…?

2. Chức năng của việc kết hợp Quá khứ Đơn với Quá khứ Tiếp diễn
Khi ta muốn diễn tả một hành động đang diễn ra trong quá khứ và đột nhiên bị một hành động
khác cắt ngang ta sẽ kết hợp thì Quá khứ Tiếp diễn (hành động đang diễn ra) với thì Quá khứ Đơn
(hành động cắt ngang).

Hãy cùng xem qua những ví dụ sau:


Ví dụ 1:
While I was presenting our new project, the Marketing Manager entered the room.
(Trong khi tôi đang thuyết trình về dự án mới của chúng tôi, Trưởng phòng Marketing bước vào
phòng.)
Phân tích: 
– Hành động đang diễn ra: “Tôi đang thuyết trình về dự án”.
– Hành động cắt ngang: “Trưởng phòng Marketing bước vào”.

Ví dụ 2:
I was typing a report when my leader asked me to go to the meeting room with her.
(Tôi đang đánh máy báo cáo khi trưởng nhóm của tôi bảo tôi đến phòng họp cùng cô ấy.)
Phân tích: 

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Hành động đang diễn ra: “tôi đang đánh máy báo cáo”.
Hành động cắt ngang: “trưởng nhóm của tôi bảo tôi đến phòng họp”.

3. Cấu trúc kết hợp hai thì Quá khứ Đơn và Quá khứ Tiếp diễn
Chắc hẳn qua hai ví dụ trên, các bạn đã nắm được phần nào cấu trúc kết hợp hai thì Quá khứ Đơn
và Quá khứ Tiếp diễn. Chúng ta hãy cùng nhau xem lại bốn cấu trúc tổng quát bên dưới nhé:
Cấu trúc kết hợp hai thì Quá khứ Đơn và Quá khứ Tiếp diễn
Lưu ý:
● ‘While’ sẽ đi trước vế dùng thì Quá khứ Tiếp diễn và ‘when’ sẽ đi trước vế dùng thì Quá khứ
Đơn. 
● Khi ta đẩy 2 liên từ ‘while’ và ‘when’ lên đầu câu thì giữa 2 vế phải có dấu “,”. 
Nhìn chung, bốn cấu trúc này chỉ khác nhau về mặt hình thức còn về đại ý vẫn giống nhau. Ta hãy
thử xem bốn ví dụ bên dưới để hiểu thêm nhé:
Ví dụ 1:
While they were discussing the new project, their boss called for a meeting. 
(Lúc họ đang thảo luận dự án mới, sếp của họ triệu tập một cuộc họp.)
Ví dụ 2:
When their boss called for a meeting, they were discussing the new project.
(Khi sếp của họ triệu tập một cuộc họp, họ đang thảo luận dự án mới.)
Ví dụ 3:
They were discussing the new project when their boss called for a meeting. 
(Họ đang thảo luận dự án mới khi sếp của họ triệu tập một cuộc họp.)
Ví dụ 4:
Their boss called for a meeting while they were discussing the new project.  
(Sếp của họ triệu tập một cuộc họp lúc họ đang thảo luận dự án mới.)
Vậy, dù hình thức câu và phần dịch nghĩa tiếng Việt có chút khác biệt nhưng nhìn chung, 4 câu
trên đều thể hiện đại ý: “họ đang thảo luận giữa chừng thì sếp mở cuộc họp”.

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PRACTICE
Exercise 1: Complete the sentences with the past simple or the past continuous form
the verbs.
1. Peter ___________ (play) a video game when his brother, Jack, ___________
(enter) the room.
2. I ___________ (study) for my English test when my mother ___________ (come)
home from work.
3. Emma ___________ (wash) the dishes when the telephone ___________ (ring).
4. I ___________ (ate) a sandwich while my parents ___________ (drink) coffee.
5. I ___________ (watch) a DVD when my cat ___________ (jump) on me.
6. I ___________ (not hear) the thunder during the storm last night because I
___________ (sleep)
7. It (be) ___________ beautiful yesterday when we ___________ (go) for a walk in
the park. The sun ___________ (shine). The birds ___________ (sing).
8. My brother and sister ___________ (talk) anout something when I ___________
(walk) into the room.
9. Tom ___________(go) to his friend’s house, but the boys ___________ (not be)
there. They ___________ (play) soccer in the vacant lot down the street.
10. The little boy ___________ (fall) asleep while his mother ___________ (read) him
a story.
11. I really ___________ (enjoy) my holiday last January. While it ___________ (snow)
in Iowa, the sun ___________ (shine) in Floria.
Exercise 2: Choose the correct answer
1. The Smiths aren’t painting/ weren’t painting their house last weekend
2. Tom cleaned/ was cleaning the living room when Jane arrived
3. Did/ Were the students writing an essay in class this morning?
4. Frank was fixing/ fixed his car when his mobile rang
5. Mark didn’t wear/ wasn’t wearing a coat when it started to rain.
6. He is/ was driving to work this morning when Anna called.
7. While my parents were working/ was working, I was studying at home
8. I walked/ was walking home when I tripped/ was tripping and fell
9. At 8 o’clock last night, we were having/ had dinner at a Chinese restaurant

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Exercise 4: Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the past continuous
1. A: How (1) _______________ (Anne/ break) her leg?
B: She (2) ______________ (ride) her horse when she (3) _______________ (fall) and (4)
__________ (land) on her leg.
A: (5) ________________ (she/go) to hospital?
2. A: When (1) ___________ (you/see) Peter?
B: While I (2) ___________ (do) my shopping at the supermarket
3. A: I (1) __________ (call) you last night but you (2) _____________ (not/ answer).
Where were you?
B: I (3) __________________ (jog) in the park

Exercise 5: Give the correct forms of the verbs given in the brackets
1. Susan ___________ (study) in her room when she heard the noise.
2. What ____________ (they, do) at eleven p.m. last night - it was so noisy?
3. I was eight years old when my elder sister __________ (teach) me how to ride a
bike.
4. John ______________ (not go) to school last week because he was ill.
5. I didn't know anything about the plane crash in my neighborhood because I
________ (work) inside at that time.
6. Yesterday at 9.30 p.m my parents ______________ (sit) in the garden
______________ (drink) some Coke.
7. The chambermaid ______________ (make) my bed in the hotel and
______________ (clean) the bathroom.
8. Someone ______________ (knock) on the door while ______________ (read) the
newspaper.
9. My brother ______________ (buy) a lot of books when he ______________ (live)
in Cambridge.
10. William ______________ (not meet) Sally at the airport last Sunday.
11. Jerry ______________ (have) dinner when the lights ______________ (go) out.
12. The girl ______________ (feel) ill so she ______________ (not go) to work.

Exercise 6: Supply the correct tenses of the verbs in brackets


One afternoon, a big wolf (wait) ____________ in a dark forest for a little girl to come
along carrying a basket of food to her grandmother. Finally a little girl did come along and
she (carry) ____________ a basket of food. 'Are you carrying that basket to your
grandmother?' asked the wolf. The little girl said yes, she (be)____________. So the wolf
(ask) ____________her where her grandmother lived and the little girl
(tell)____________ him and he (disappear)____________ into the wood.
When the little girl (open) ____________ the door of her grandmother's house, she
(see)____________ that there was somebody in bed with a nightcap and nightgown on.
She (approach)____________ no nearer than twenty-five feet from the bed when she
(see)____________ that it was not her  grandmother but the wolf , for even in a nightcap a
wolf does not look like anybody's grandmother. So the little girl (take) ____________ an
automatic pistol out of her basket and (shoot) ____________the wolf dead.

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Exercise 7: Complete this email with either the past simple or the past continuous
form of the verbs in brackets. Where alternatives are possible, think about any
difference in meaning.
I (1. buy) ____________ a new alarm clock the other day in Taylor’s the jewellers,
when I actually (2. see) ____________ somebody shoplifting. I’d finished paying for
my clock and as I (3. turn) ____________ round, an elderly woman (4. slowly put)
____________ a silver plate into a bag that she (5. carry) ____________. Then she (6.
walk) ____________ over to another part of the shop and (7. pick up) ____________
an expensive-looking watch a number of times. When she (8. think) ____________ that
nobody (9. look) ____________, she (10. drop) ____________ it into the bag. Before I
(11. have) ____________ a chance to tell the staff in the shop, she (12. notice)
____________ that I (13. watch) ____________ her and (14. hurry)____________ out.
Unfortunately for her, two police officers (15. walk) ____________ past just at that
moment and she (16. run) ____________ straight into them.

Exercise 8: Complete the sentences using these pairs of verbs. Use the past simple
in one gap and the past continuous in the other.
come - show get - go hope - give live - spend
look - see play - break start - check in
1. Just as I was getting into the bath all the lights went off.
2. I……………………..to go away this weekend, but my
boss…………………..me some work that I have to finish by Monday.
3. When I………………………..in Paris, I……………………three hours a day
travelling to and from work.
4. A friendly American couple…………………..chatting to him as
he…………………at the hotel reception.
5. I bumped into Lena last week. She……………………….a lot better than when I
last…………………..her.
6. My boss…………………………..into the office just as
I…………………………everyone my holiday photos.
7. I…………….badminton four times a week before I……………………..my
ankle.

Exercise 9: Choose the correct alternative “When/ While”


1. I had a bad dream _____________ I was sleeping on the sofa
2. I was talking to my husband in the park _____________ two cars crashed behind
us.
3. You called me last night _____________ I was studying for an important exam.
4. The students were doing an exercise _____________ the bell rang.
5. Anna was doing her homework _____________ the lights went out.

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Exercise 10: Circle the correct verb form in each of the following sentences
1. Mary (prepared/ was preparing) lunch when they (came/ was coming)
2. The sun (shone/ was shining) brightly when I (got up/ was getting up) this
morning.
3. Ann finally (told/ was telling) us the whole story about Peter
4. We (drove/ were driving) to Berlin in Robert’s new car
5. Last weekend Susan (fell/ was falling) and (broke/ was breaking) her leg
6. Who was that nice girl you (talked/ were talking) to when I (walked/ was
walking) by the pub?
7. When I (entered / was entering) the cafeteria Mary (had / was having) lunch with
Peter.

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