THIRD EYE FOR BLIND USING ULTRASONIC

SENSOR

A PROJECT BASED LEARNING REPORT

Submitted by

1. MOHAMMED HUSSAIN S (21BM020)

2. RAMANIKA K (21BM022)
3. SUDALAIKUMAR P (21BM028)
4.VISHNU R (21BM031)

In partial fulfilment for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

IN

DEPARTMENT OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

NANDHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, ERODE

(AUTONOMOUS)
(Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai)

December 2022

1
 NANDHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(AUTONOMOUS)
(Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai)

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report “THIRD EYE FOR BLIND USING
ULTRASONIC SENSOR” is the bonafide work of “MOHAMMED
HUSSAIN S, RAMANIKA K, SUDALAIKUMAR P and VISHNU R” who
carried out the Project Based Learning work under my supervision.

SIGNATURE
Dr. M. DHIPA,
Associate Professor/ BME,
PBL COORDINATOR,
Department of BME,
Nandha Engineering College,
(Autonomous)
Erode – 638 052.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The success of a work depends on the team work and co-operation various
involved either directly or indirectly.

We express our thanks to our beloved Chairman of Nandha Institutions

Thiru. V. SHANMUGAN for providing us all the basic amenities to complete
thecourse successfully.

We wish to convey our earnest gratefulness to our cherished Secretary

Thiru. S. THIRUMOORTHI for the excellent facilities provided to the project
work successfully.

We wish to express our deep sense of gratitude and thanks to our beloved
Principal Dr. N. RENGARAJAN for the encouragement and support during the
course study.

We are grateful to our HoD Dr. P. SUKUMAR and our Project Based
Learning Coordinator Dr. M. DHIPA, Department of Biomedical Engineering for
providing the facilities and also for their kind patronage.

We thank all the staff members of Department of Biomedical Engineering

for their valuable suggestions in the project.

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INDEX :

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO.

NO

ABSTRACT 5
1 INTRODUCTION 6
2 INTRODUCTION OF COMPONENTS 7-13
2.1 ARUDINO NANO

2.2 ULTRASONIC SENSOR

2.3 PCB BOARD

2.4 VIBRATION MOTOR

2.5 BUZZER

2.6 LED (LIGHT EMITTING DIODE)

2.7 SLIDE SWITCH

2.8 RESISTOR

2.9 BATTERY

2.10 SWITCH

3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 14

4 STEPS OF INSTALLATION 15

5 REFERENCE 16

6 CONCLUSION 16

7 FINAL OUTPUT 17

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ABSTRACT:
The visually impaired face a number of challenges when performing
their daily tasks. These tasks may be differentiating objects that have similar
shapes or knowing the content of a restaurant menu. In fact, there is an increasing
interest in developing effective solutions that can help the visually impaired to
recognize objects. However, automatic techniques cannot answer most of the
questions asked by the visually impaired. In addition, it can be seen that there is
an obvious deficiency in the number of applications that target Arabic blind
users. Therefore, to address all of these issues, there is a need to design an
effective solution that can help Arabic blind people to identify any objects at any
place without any restrictions. The proposed solution is developing a mobile
application that uses human-powered technology to help the visually impaired
cope with the many challenges they face. This application is developed using an
Arabic language interface to enhance the content of Arabic mobile applications
and targets Arabic blind users. As a result of evaluating the proposed application,
it is shown that it is easy to use and useful and can be employed for many
important purposes in daily life.

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Visually impaired people often need assistance in day to day life for
navigating through their residence and outside. Having a human assistance isnot
possible all the time and so a solution to this problem is being researched from a
long time.

Well here develop a smart solution to this problem using ultrasonic

velgro.Also the velgro are fitted with vibrator rather than a buzzer as constant
buzzing sound would be more of a nuisance rather than help.

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 CHAPTER 2

2. INTRODUCTION OF COMPONENTS
2.1 ARUDINO NANO

Arduino Nano is a small, breadboard-friendly development board based on

an ATmega 328P SMD package microcontroller' and offers the same connectivity
and One in specs of Arduino Small package. Dc power Jack is not available on
this board so power can only be supplied by. a Mini B USB port present on it or
6-20v unregulated external power supply from pin 30 (Vin). Due to its small size
Its very Popular among ToT based projects which need to be a small and user
friendly, in Robotics, in Automation, Instrumentation and control systems.

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2.2 ULTRASONIC SENSOR

An ultrasonic sensor is an instrument that measures distance to an object

using ultrasonic sound waves. On a transducer to send and receive the
ultrasonic sensor uses ultrasonic pulses that relay back information about an
objects proximity.

2.3 PCB BOARD

A printed circuit board or PC board, or PCB To a non-conductive

material with conductive times printed or etched. Electronic Components are
mounted on the board and the traces connect the components together to form a
Working chant or assembly.

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2.4 VIBRATOR

A vibrating motor is a multi-physics product in which there is coupling

between electrical, magnetic, and mechanical domains. To obtain a more
accurate analysis, nonlinear parameters, such as inductance, stepdance, and
force factor, are considered as functions of current and displacement based
on the finite element method. By solving a voltage equation using
numerical iteration method, current and displacement at each frequency of
the vibrating motor can be calculated. The validity of the analysis method
was demonstrated by comparing the results of the experiment with those of
the simulation and they were found to be similar.

2.5 BUZZER

A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical,

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 electromechanical, or piezoelectric (piezo for short). Typical uses of buzzers and
beepers include alarm devices, timers,train and confirmation of user.
2.6 LED (LIGHT EMITTING DIODE)

A standard colour LED that can be used for indication Or Visualization

purposes. It can be used on breadboard, dot board and PCB. You can also use
LED mount to fix them onto Casings or enclosures. The longer leadis the positive
and the shorter lead is the negative. Normally used with a 1x resistor to limit the
current flowing though it When powered with sv. The featuresof this LED.

2.7 SLIDE SWITCH

Slide switches are mechanical switches using a slider that moves

(slides) from the open (off) position to the closed (on) position. They allowcontrol
over current flow in a circuit without having to manually cut or splice wire.
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 This type of switch is best used for controlling current flow in small projects.

There are two common internal designs of slide switches. The most common
design uses metal slides that make contact with the flat metal parts on the switch.
As the slider is moved it causes the metal slide contacts to slide from one set of
metal contacts to the other, actuating the switch. The second design uses a metal
seesaw. The slider has a spring that pushes down on one side of the metal seesaw
or the other.

2.8 RESISTOR:

A resistor is passive two-terminal electrical component thatimplements

electrical resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used
to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active
elements, and terminate transmission lines, among other uses. High-power
resistors that can dissipate many watts of electrical power as heat may be used as
part of motor controls, in power distribution systems, or as test loads for
generators. Fixed resistors have resistances that only chan Resistors are common
elements of electrical networks and electronic circuits and are ubiquitous in
electronic equipment. Practical resistors as discrete componentscan be composed
of various compounds and forms. Resistors are also implemented within
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 integrated circuits.

The electrical function of a resistor is specified by its resistance: common

commercial resistors are manufactured over a range of more than nine orders of
magnitude. The nominal value of the resistance falls within the manufacturing
tolerance, indicated on the component.

Ge slightlywith temperature, time or operating voltage. Variable

resistors can be used to adjust circuit elements (such as a volume control or a lamp
dimmer), or as sensing devices for heat, light, humidity, force, or chemical
activity.

2.9 BATTERY:

The nine-volt battery, or 9-volt battery, in its most common form was
introduced for the early transistor radios. It has a rectangular prism shape with
rounded edges and a polarized snap connector at the top. This type is commonly
used in walkie talkies, clocks and smoke detectors.

The nine-volt battery format is commonly available in primary carbon-zinc and

alkaline chemistry, in primary lithium iron disulfide, and in rechargeable form in
nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride and lithium-ion. Mercury-oxide batteries
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 of this format, once common, have not been manufactured in many years due to
their mercury content.

Most nine-volt alkaline batteries are constructed of six individual 1.5V LR61
cells enclosed in a wrapper. Carbon-zinc types are made with six flat cells in a
stack, enclosed in a moisture-resistant wrapper to prevent drying. Primary lithium
types are made with 3 cells in series.

In 2007, 9-volt batteries accounted for 4% of alkaline primary battery sales in the
US. In Switzerland in 2008, 9-volt batteries total led 2% of primary battery sales
and 2% of secondary battery sales.

2.10 BUTTON SWITCH

A switch is an electrical component that can disconnect or connect the

conducting path in an electrical circuit, interrupting the electric current or
diverting it from one conductor to another. The most common type of switch is
an electromechanical device consisting of one or more sets of movable electrical
contacts connected to external circuits. When a pair of contacts is touching
current can pass between them, while when the contacts are separated no current
can flow.

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 CHAPTER 3

3. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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 CHAPTER 4

4. STEPS OF INSTALLATION

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 CHAPTER 5

5.REFERANCE

https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/muhammedazhar/third-eye-for-
the-blind-8c246d

CHAPTER 6

6.CONCLUSION

The third eye for Blind project is an innovation which helps the
blind person to move around and go from one place to another with speed and
confidence by knowing the nearby obstacles using the help of the wearable
band which produces the ultrasonic waves which notify them with buzz sound
or vibrations.

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 CHAPTER 7

7. FINAL OUTPUT:

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