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Basic ideas Instantaneous

power
Phasors Average

4.3 Concepts of Frequency Phasor relationship

power
Max Aver power
for ckt elements
Response Impedance &
transfer
Effective or
Admittance RMS value
Concepts of
Apparent power
Kirchhoff’s laws in Frequency & power factor
frequency domain Response
Impedance Complex power
combination
Power factor
Transfer function Resonance correction
Filters

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• The sinusoidal steady-state frequency responses of circuits are of

significance in many applications, especially in communications and
control systems.
• Specifically in electric filters that block out or eliminate signals with
unwanted frequencies and pass signals of the desired frequencies.
• Filters are used in radio, TV, and telephone systems to separate one EEEg-1034

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Since the output y( ) and input x( )are either Current or

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voltage we have four possible transfer functions:

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Resonance
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showing that the resonant

frequency is the geometric
mean of the half-power
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