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1|EST Formulas
Wavelength
= 0.5
=
1
Load Impedance
=
Bandwidth
=
Load Resistance
2
Resonant Frequency = 2
√ =
1
Collector Voltage
Varactor’s Capacitance
2
( ) = 4
√
=
1+2
Quality Facto r
=
Crystal Thickness
Shape Factor
ℎ
=
65.5
−−
=
60
6
= 0.5 =
2
Compiled by: MIT - TEAM4A [Santos, Moreno, Mallari, Malana, Lineses, Jimenez, Garcia, Gamboa, Dahilog, Baduria]
2|EST Formulas
= 1+ 2 2
Frequency
−
=
=
= +
VCO Sensitivity − Bandwidt h (AM)
=
= 2
=
1
= 1+
2
2
=
Suppressed Carrier
−
% . .= × 100
Modulation Index
=
2
=
Emitter Modulator Voltage Gain
2
−
=
+
= (1 ±
= 2 + 2 + + 2 = 2
⋯
1
= =
2
−∆
=
(
4
1 /20 )
Compiled by: MIT - TEAM4A [Santos, Moreno, Mallari, Malana, Lineses, Jimenez, Garcia, Gamboa, Dahilog, Baduria]
3|EST Formulas
=
Deviation Ratio 2
=
Total Harmonic Distort ion
ℎℎ
Percent Modulation (FM)
( )
% = × 100
% = × 100
Noise Power
=
Carrier Swing
Noise Voltage
FM Bandwid th Carson’s Rule
. .=2
⋯
= 1
2
+ 2
2
+ 3
2
+ + 2
= 2 + (max ) Shot Noise
FM Wideband B andwidth
= 2
Signal-to-Noise Ratio
/ ( ) = 20log( / )
= 2 Noise Factor
PM Modulator Sensitivit y
( ) = ( / )
− ( / )
=
Total Noise Factor
Compiled by: MIT - TEAM4A [Santos, Moreno, Mallari, Malana, Lineses, Jimenez, Garcia, Gamboa, Dahilog, Baduria]
4|EST Formulas
√
=
Effective Antenna Area
=
Characteristic Impedance
Received Power
=
=
2
=
Characteristic Impedance of a 4
Medium Snell’s Law
377
= 1 1 = 2 2
=
2
Snell’s Law
=
Power Densit y
=
1
2
=
1
2
=
4 2
−
= 1 2
1
=
Compiled by: MIT - TEAM4A [Santos, Moreno, Mallari, Malana, Lineses, Jimenez, Garcia, Gamboa, Dahilog, Baduria]
5|EST Formulas
=
1
= ; =
+
ℎ ℎ
= 17 + 17
=
Folded-Dipole Impedance
= 32.4 + 20 + 20
15 ( )2
Time between Fades = 3
=
2
Helical Antenna Beamwidt h
Number of Cells = 52
=
3.464 2
ANTENNAS
=
2
2
2
= 2
′
=
4
Compiled by: MIT - TEAM4A [Santos, Moreno, Mallari, Malana, Lineses, Jimenez, Garcia, Gamboa, Dahilog, Baduria]
6|EST Formulas
= =
276 10
2
1+
2
2
Veloci ty Factor √ ℎ
Characteristic Impedance of Wires in
=
√ ℎ ℎ
=
69
10
4
1+
2
2
√
=
= Characteristic Impedance of Coaxial
Cable
Characteristic Impedance
�
=
138
=
Reflectio n Coefficient
√
Γ −
=
Characteristic Impedance of Parallel- +
Wire Cable
√
=
276
log
Reflectio n Coefficient
Γ − 1
=
+ 1
Phase Shift
Characteristic Impedance of
Balanced 4-wire
= ( 360°)
10
1
=
Compiled by: MIT - TEAM4A [Santos, Moreno, Mallari, Malana, Lineses, Jimenez, Garcia, Gamboa, Dahilog, Baduria]
7|EST Formulas
− ΓΓ =
1 + | |
1 | |
=
60
ln
0.67
4
0.8 +
=
√ ℎ
=
120
ln
+
=
(1 +
4
)2
=
Γ = 2
1 1 = 2 2
−Γ
= (1 2)
−
= 1 2
1
Impedance Matching
1
2
=
1
2
2
Numerical Aperture
−
= 1
2 2
2
Quarter-wavelength Transformer
Characteristic Impedance
=
=
√ ℎ
Acceptance Cone
=
87
+ 1.41
ln
0.8
5.98
+
= 2
Compiled by: MIT - TEAM4A [Santos, Moreno, Mallari, Malana, Lineses, Jimenez, Garcia, Gamboa, Dahilog, Baduria]
8|EST Formulas
√ Δ
=
2
2.405
1 2
=
1
=
0.383
=
2
1
= 2
=
500
2
Responsivity
Bandwidth
Δ
=
2
1
Responsivity
=
Electrical Bandwidth
=
0.35
Irradiance
=
1234
Fiber Attenuation
= × 10 /10
=
∆ =
×
1
∆ =
2
1
×
Compiled by: MIT - TEAM4A [Santos, Moreno, Mallari, Malana, Lineses, Jimenez, Garcia, Gamboa, Dahilog, Baduria]
9|EST Formulas
= + ( 1)
=
=
0.1095
2
=
= 3
=
√
AMPS Transmit Carri er Frequenc y
Traffi c Intensity
= 0.03 + 825
Carried Traffic
=
−
= 0.03( 1023) + 825
=
and Space ℎ
− = 0.5
Via Net Los s
− −
= 76
Compiled by: MIT - TEAM4A [Santos, Moreno, Mallari, Malana, Lineses, Jimenez, Garcia, Gamboa, Dahilog, Baduria]
10 | E S T Formulas
1
=
2
Rectangular Waveguide Cutof f −
Group and Phase Veloci ty
Frequency
2
=
1
2
=
=
2
Guide Wavelength
Group Velocity
2
=
2
1
= 1
− 2
−
Magnetron Average Power
Group Velocity
=
−
= 1
2
Magnetron Duty Cycle
Compiled by: MIT - TEAM4A [Santos, Moreno, Mallari, Malana, Lineses, Jimenez, Garcia, Gamboa, Dahilog, Baduria]
11 | E S T Formulas
=
70
Distance between Transmitt er and
Receiver
E-Plane Beamwidt h
=
56
ℎ ℎ
( ) =
ℎ ℎ
2 ( ) + 2 ( )
( ) = 17 ( ) + 17 ( )
Radar Equation
=
2
(4 )3
2
4
K-Factor
− 1
Radar Distance
=
1 0.04665 0.005577
=
2
Effective Earth Radius
Maximu m Unambig uous Range =
2
=
2
=
1(
1.5
) 2( )
1( ) 2( )
Minimum Usable Frequency = 12.75
=
2
Fresnel Zone
Doppler Shift Frequency
= 17.3
1( ) 2( )
=
2
( ) 1( ) 2( )
1(
) 2(
) 2(
)
)
Fresnel Zone Clearance
= 0.6 1
Compiled by: MIT - TEAM4A [Santos, Moreno, Mallari, Malana, Lineses, Jimenez, Garcia, Gamboa, Dahilog, Baduria]
12 | E S T Formulas
1(
) 2(
) 2(
)
)
=
+
Reliability
= 10.4
( )
1(
1(
) 2(
) 2(
)
)
−
= (1 ) × 100
√
Effective Isotrop ic Radiated Power
= 1
−
=
( 1)290 +
= 290( 1)
=
=
( ) +
( )
Energy p er Bit p er Nois e Density
Ratio
−
Free Space Loss
= 36.6 + 20 ( ) + 20 ( )
=
( )
( ) + ( )
( ) = +
( ) ( ) ( ) Fade Margi n
Avail abi li ty − − −
= 30
− + 10 log(6 )
10 log(1 ) 70
=
+
Compiled by: MIT - TEAM4A [Santos, Moreno, Mallari, Malana, Lineses, Jimenez, Garcia, Gamboa, Dahilog, Baduria]
13 | E S T Formulas
Hamming Code
≥ 8-PSK / 8-QAM Nyquist B andwidth
2
Processing Gain
−
( ) = ( / ) ( / )
Bandwidth Efficiency
=
4
Shannon-Hartley Theorem on
Information Capacity
=
= 2 (1 + / )
Dynamic Range
Alias ing Frequency
= 1.76 + 6.02 ( )
=
M-ary Encoding − Dynamic Range
= 2
=
∆ −
=
|
2
|
−
= 2
Data Rate
=
2
Compiled by: MIT - TEAM4A [Santos, Moreno, Mallari, Malana, Lineses, Jimenez, Garcia, Gamboa, Dahilog, Baduria]
14 | E S T Formulas
=
ln 1 +
= 10 10 ( )
ln(1 + )
= 10 10 + 120
Intersymb ol Interference
Sabine Equation
= 10
Source 60 = 0.049
= 20 10 + 94
f-rating
=
2
Sound Intensit y
=
4 2
=
Compiled by: MIT - TEAM4A [Santos, Moreno, Mallari, Malana, Lineses, Jimenez, Garcia, Gamboa, Dahilog, Baduria]
15 | E S T Formulas
= 2
= 54 + 6(
Y-signal
= 174 + 6( 7)
= 0.30 + 0.59 + 0.11
Channel Frequency (Ch.14-83)
−
I-signal
− −
= 0.60 0.28 0.32
= 470 + 6( − 14)
− −
= 0.21 0.52 0.31
= + 1.25
=
= 80
Differential Gain
Horizontal Scanning Time in t erms of
−
= 1 100
number of p ixels
ℎ
= × 0.125
=
From:
Compiled by: MIT - TEAM4A [Santos, Moreno, Mallari, Malana, Lineses, Jimenez, Garcia, Gamboa, Dahilog, Baduria]