6027 HM Lab

LAB MANUAL
HYDRAULIC MACHINES & FLUID

POWER LAB (6027)
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
REVISION - 2015
REVISION 2015
Department of mechanical Engineering
Ma’din poly technic college,
Melmuri, Malappuram
LAB MANUAL
HYDRAULIC MACHINES & FLUID POWER

LAB (6027)
For Diploma Mechanical Engineering
(REVISION - 2015)
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

MA’DIN POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
MELMURI. P O
MALAPPURAM
SYLABUS
COURSE TITLE : HYDRAULIC MACHINE & FLUID POWER LAB (6027)
COURSE CODE : 6027
COURSE CATEGORY :A
PERIODS/ WEEK :3
PERIODS/ SEMESTER : 45
CREDIT :2
CONTENT DETAILS
MODULE I
Carry out the experiment on Pelton Turbine, Francis Turbine & Kaplan Turbine.
Study the Pelton turbine
Distinguish the characteristics curves of Pelton turbine
Find the efficiency at constant head and constant speed
Plot the characteristics curves
Interpret the curves.
Study the Pelton turbine
Distinguish the characteristics curves of above turbines
Find the efficiency at constant head and constant speed
Plot the characteristics curves
Interpret the curves.
MODULE II
Understand the Centrifugal Pump, Reciprocating Pump, Gear Pump, lobe Pump,Self priming pump, stage pump, deep
well pump.
State the function and principle of working of centrifugal pumps
State its applications
Conduct an experiment and find out hydraulic efficiency and overall efficiency
Plot the characteristic curves and comment on it.
State the function and principle of working of reciprocating pumps
Conduct an experiment and find out volumetric efficiency and overall efficiency
State the function and principle of working of Gear Pumps
State the function and principle of working of Lobe Pumps
State the function and principle of working of Self priming Pumps
BASIC MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LAB (2029) Department Of Mechanical Engineering
State the function and principle of working of Stage Pumps

State the function and principle of working of Deep well Pumps
Plot the characteristic curves and comment on it
MODULE III
Understand the Hydraulic Ram and Hydraulic Lift

State the function of hydraulic ram
Explain the working of hydraulic ram
Conduct the experiment on hydraulic ram
Construct the graph – discharge versus efficiency of hydraulic ram
Plot the graph – discharge VsD’Abuisson’s efficiency and Rankine efficiency
Interpret the above curves.
Comprehend the hydraulic Jack, hydraulic press
State the functions of hydraulic lift
Explain the working of hydraulic lift
State the function of hydraulic jack and press
Explain the working of hydraulic jack and press
Conduct the experiments on hydraulic jack and press
MODULE IV
Comprehend the Pneumatic and Hydraulic systems

Identify ISO standard pneumatic symbols.
Prepare circuit diagrams based on pneumatic system using pressure, flow and directional control valves {use transparent
valves}
Carryout the experiment on pneumatic actuators and plot the curve, pressure Vs force with different bore sized
actuators.
Identify the ISO standard hydraulic symbols.
Prepare the circuit diagrams based on hydraulic system using pressure, flow and directional control valves
Carryout the experiment on hydraulic actuators linear actuators and plot the curve, pressure Vs force curve with
different bore sized actuators.
Carryout the experiment on hydraulic rotary actuators and plot the curve, pressure Vs torque with different bore sized
actuators
Computer based simulation of hydraulic and pneumatic circuits
TEXT BOOKS
1. HydraulicS Lab Manual K C JOHN.

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BASIC MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LAB (2029) Department Of Mechanical Engineering
STAFF DETAILS
JITHESH NP HOS 9061414555;

9895771828
VIPIN. V. P LECTURER 9020055676
PRAVEEN. K. P LECTURER 9037834487
ANAND R LECTURER 9633915305
SANJAY K LECTURER 9633593219
NABEEL N WORKSHOP SUPERINTENDENT 9656844140
SUJITH. N W\I 9946012928

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Department of Mechanical Engineering
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
 Students are expected to maintain very good discipline inside the laboratory.
 Students should adhere to the dress code specified for the laboratory.
 Students must come prepared with the experiment.
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 Students should get necessary apparatus issued against their names before starting the
experiment.
 Every student must bring their own drawing instruments, calculator etc.
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 Every students should get his observation and all laboratory work signed regularly by the staff
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members in-charge before leaving the laboratory.
 Don’t wear loose cloths and be careful of moving machinery and hot objects.
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 The application and removal of the load must be gradual. Any unusual
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`Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Power Lab 1

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PELTON TURBINE

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF PELTON TURBINE
The high speed water jets emerging form the nozzles strike the buckets at splitters, placed at
the middle of a bucket, from where jets are divided into two equal streams. These stream flow along
the inner curve of the bucket and leave it in the direction opposite to that of incoming jet. The high
speed water jets running the Pelton Wheel Turbine are obtained by expanding the high pressure
water through nozzles to the atmospheric pressure. The high pressure water can be obtained from
any water body situated at some height or streams of water flowing down the hills.
The change in momentum (direction as well as speed) of water stream produces an impulse
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on the blades of the wheel of Pelton Turbine. This impulse generates the torque and rotation in the
shaft of Pelton Turbine. To obtain the optimum output from the Pelton Turbine the impulse received
by the blades should be maximum. For that, change in momentum of the water stream should be
maximum possible. That is obtained when the water stream is deflected in the direction opposite to
which it strikes the buckets and with the same speed relative to the buckets.
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APPLICATIONS
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Pelton wheels are the preferred turbine for hydro-power, when the available water source
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has relatively high hydraulic head at low flow rates. Pelton wheels are made in all sizes. There exist
multi-ton Pelton wheels mounted on vertical oil pad bearings in hydroelectric plants. The largest
units can be up to 200 megawatts. The smallest Pelton wheels are only a few inches across, and can
be used to tap power from mountain streams having flows of a few gallons per minute. Some of
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these systems utilize household plumbing fixtures for water delivery. These small units are
recommended for use with thirty meters or more of head, in order to generate significant power
levels. Depending on water flow and design, Pelton wheels operate best with heads from 15 meters
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to 1,800 meters, although there is no theoretical limit.

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FRANCIS TURBINE
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WORKING OF FRANCIS TURBINE
Francis Turbines are generally installed with their axis vertical. Water with high head (pressure)
enters the turbine through the spiral casing surrounding the guide vanes. The water loses a part of its
pressure in the volute (spiral casing) to maintain its speed. Then water passes through guide vanes
where it is directed to strike the blades on the runner at optimum angles. As the water flows through
the runner its pressure and angular momentum reduces. This reduction imparts reaction on the
runner and power is transferred to the turbine shaft.
If the turbine is operating at the design conditions the water leaves the runner in axial direction.
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Water exits the turbine through the draft tube, which acts as a diffuser and reduces the exit velocity
of the flow to recover maximum energy from the flowing water.
APPLICATIONS
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Francis turbines may be designed for a wide range of heads and flows. This, along with their
high efficiency, has made them the most widely used turbine in the world. Francis type units cover a
head range from 40 to 600 m, and their connected generator output power varies from just a few
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kilowatts up to 800 MW. In addition to electrical production, they may also be used for pumped
storage
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KAPLAN TURBINE
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WORKING OF THE KAPLAN TURBINE
The working head of water is low so large flow rates are allowed in the Kaplan Turbine.
The water enters the turbine through the guide vanes which are aligned such as to give the flow
a suitable degree of swirl determined according to the rotor of the turbine. The flow from guide
vanes pass through the curved passage which forces the radial flow to axial direction with the
initial swirl imparted by the inlet guide vanes which is now in the form of free vortex.
The axial flow of water with a component of swirl applies force on the blades of the rotor
and loses its momentum, both linear and angular, producing torque and rotation (their product is
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power) in the shaft. The scheme for production of hydroelectricity by Kaplan Turbine is same as that
for Francis Turbine.
APPLICATION
Kaplan turbines are widely used throughout the world for electrical power production. They
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cover the lowest head hydro sites and are especially suited for high flow conditions.
Inexpensive micro turbines on the Kaplan turbine model are manufactured for individual
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power production designed for 3 m of head which can work with as little as 0.3 m of head at a highly
reduced performance provided sufficient water flow
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CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

WORKING OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
As the electric motor starts rotating, it also rotates the impeller. The rotation of the impeller
creates suction at the suction pipe. Due to suction created the water from the sump starts coming to
the casing through the eye of the impeller. From the eye of the impeller, due to the centrifugal force
acting on the water, the water starts moving radially outward and towards the outer of casing.
Since the impeller is rotating at high velocity it also rotates the water around it in the casing.
The area of the casing increasing gradually in the direction of rotation, so the velocity of the water
keeps on decreasing and the pressure increases, at the outlet of the pump, the pressure is maximum.
Now form the outlet of the pump, the water goes to its desired location through delivery pipe.
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APPLICATION
The centrifugal pump is used in almost every field to raise the liquid from low level to high
level. They are mostly used at home for filling water tanks, almost in every industry such as chemical,
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automobile, marine, manufacturing, for irrigation etc.
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RECIPROCATING PUMP
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WORKING OF RECIPROCATING PUMP
Operation of reciprocating motion is done by the power source (i.e. electric motor or i.c
engine, etc.). Power source gives rotary motion to crank; with the help of connecting rod we
translate reciprocating motion to piston in the cylinder (i.e. intermediate link between connecting
rod and piston). When crank moves from inner dead center to outer dead center vacuum will create
in the cylinder. When piston moves outer dead center to inner dead center and piston force the
water at outlet or delivery value.
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APPLICATION:
Reciprocating pumps are used in some of the most abrasive and corrosive applications. Fluid ends
and
Fluid end parts can be made in many different materials such as stainless steel, aluminum bronze,
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tungsten carbide, ceramic, and more. A wide selection of valve types are used in abrasive
applications such as
Pumping cement, sand slurry, mud, etc.
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EXTERNAL GEAR PUMP

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WORKING OF GEAR PUMPS
External gear pumps are similar in pumping action to internal gear pumps in that two gears
come into and out of mesh to produce flow. However, the external gear pump uses two identical
gears rotating against each other -- one gear is driven by a motor and it in turn drives the other gear.
Each gear is supported by a shaft with bearings on both sides of the gear.
1. As the gears come out of mesh, they create expanding volume on the inlet side of the pump.
Liquid flows into the cavity and is trapped by the gear teeth as they rotate.
2. Liquid travels around the interior of the casing in the pockets between the teeth and the casing --
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it does not pass between the gears.
3. Finally, the meshing of the gears forces liquid through the outlet port under pressure.
Because the gears are supported on both sides, external gear pumps are quiet-running and are
routinely used for high- pressure applications such as hydraulic applications. With no overhung
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bearing loads, the rotor shaft can't deflect and cause premature wear.
APPLICATIONS
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 Petrochemicals: Pure or filled bitumen, pitch, diesel oil, crude oil, lube oil etc.
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 Chemicals: Sodium silicate, acids, plastics, mixed chemicals, isocyanates etc.
 Paint and ink.
 Resins and adhesives.
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 Pulp and paper: acid, soap, lye, black liquor, kaolin, lime, latex, sludge etc.
 Food: Chocolate, cacao butter, fillers, sugar, vegetable fats and oils, molasses, animal food etc.
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LOBE PUMP
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WORKING OF LOBE PUMPS
Lobe pumps are similar to external gear pumps in operation in that fluid flows around
the interior of the casing. Unlike external gear pumps, however, the lobes do not make contact. Lobe
contact is prevented by external timing gears located in the gearbox. Pump shaft support bearings
are located in the gearbox, and since the bearings are out of the pumped liquid, pressure is limited
by bearing location and shaft deflection.
1. As the lobes come out of mesh, they create expanding volume on the inlet side of the pump.
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Liquid flows into the cavity and is trapped by the lobes as they rotate.
2. Liquid travels around the interior of the casing in the pockets between the lobes and the casing --
it does not pass between the lobes.
3. Finally, the meshing of the lobes forces liquid through the outlet port under pressure.
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APPLICATIONS
Lobe pumps are frequently used in food applications because they handle solids without damaging
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the product. Particle size pumped can be much larger in lobe pumps than in other PD types. Since the
lobes do not make contact, and clearances are not as close as in other PD pumps, this design handles
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low viscosity liquids with diminished performance. Loading characteristics are not as good as other
designs, and suction ability is low. High-viscosity liquids require reduced speeds to achieve
satisfactory performance. Reductions of 25% of rated speed and lower are common with high-
viscosity liquids.
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DEEP WELL PUMP

WORKING OF DEEP WELL PUMP
The pump and pipe system are full of water. The water in the pump impeller is thrown
outwards by the vanes of the spinning impeller
As the vanes throw the water out, a vacuum is created at the eye of the impeller, and more
water is drawn in to replace that which was thrown out. Some of the water discharged by the
impeller passes out of the pump and into the pressure tank. The rest is recalculated through the
drive line to the injector in the well.
In the injector, the nozzle and the venturi create a vacuum. This vacuum draws water from the
well, through the foot valve. As the water passes through the venturi tube into the suction line, the
pressure is increased sufficiently to force the water back to the pump impeller.
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The injector nozzle and venturi tube size must be selected according to the pumping depth, the
distance the pump is offset from the well and the size of the pump. All pump companies provide
charts for proper pump and injector selection. Because of the amount of water being circulated in
this type of pumping system, it is important that the proper sizes of suction and drive lines are used
to maximize efficiency.
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APPLICATION ly
 can be offset from the well
 can be adapted to wells of various depths and yields are relatively trouble-free if properly selected,
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installed and adjusted
 can be primed on long offsets through uneven terrain
 are relatively inexpensive
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HYDRAULIC RAM PUMP

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PELTON TURBINE

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HYDRAULIC LIFT
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WORKING OF HYDRAULIC LIFT
Pascal’s Principle states that pressure in a liquid is independent of direction. Pressure is force
divided by area, so force exerted by a liquid is equal to the pressure times the area. A hydraulic lift
has a small piston in a cylinder. If you exert a force on the piston, it will create a pressure in the fluid .
The lift also has a second, large area cylinder and piston. The fluid creates a pressure in this cylinder
that exerts a much larger force on the piston because of its larger area. Therefore the lift has a
mechanical advantage. Of course, energy is still conserved, so the small piston must move much
farther than the large piston.
An automobile lift, used in many automotive repair shops, allows the operator to use very
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little force to lift an automobile off the ground, by pushing liquid from a small-diameter cylinder and
piston through a thin tube that expands into a larger-diameter cylinder and piston, which is located
beneath the vehicle to be lifted. Since the liquid cannot be compressed like air, the liquid from the
small cylinder is pushed into the large cylinder, forcing the large piston to move upward.
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WORKING OF FRANCIS TURBINE
Francis Turbines are generally installed with their axis vertical. Water with high head (pressure)
enters the turbine through the spiral casing surrounding the guide vanes. The water loses a part of its
pressure in the volute (spiral casing) to maintain its speed. Then water passes through guide vanes
where it is directed to strike the blades on the runner at optimum angles. As the water flows through
the runner its pressure and angular momentum reduces. This reduction imparts reaction on the
runner and power is transferred to the turbine shaft.
If the turbine is operating at the design conditions the water leaves the runner in axial direction.
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Water exits the turbine through the draft tube, which acts as a diffuser and reduces the exit velocity
of the flow to recover maximum energy from the flowing water.
APPLICATIONS
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Francis turbines may be designed for a wide range of heads and flows. This, along with their
high efficiency, has made them the most widely used turbine in the world. Francis type units cover a
head range from 40 to 600 m, and their connected generator output power varies from just a few
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kilowatts up to 800 MW. In addition to electrical production, they may also be used for pumped
storage
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WORKING OF HYDRAULIC JACK
A hydraulic jack's functioning is described very accurately by Pascal's principle, which states
that a force applied to an enclosed fluid is transferred equally throughout the entire fluid. This means
that the fluid must not be able to be compressed. When the jack's pump is activated, it applies
pressure on the hydraulic fluid, which fills the cylinder. Because the cylinder is completely filled while
the pump is active, and the one-way valve completely encloses the fluid, pressure builds within the
cylinder. The pressure escapes via the easiest way possible: it pushes up on the plate of the jack, hence
putting out force. The pump basically exerts a small force on the fluid continuously until the fluid has
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enough pressure to push up the jack, which lifts whatever is being lifted at the time. This means that
the hydraulic jack can exert massive forces with simply a pump. However, all hydraulic jacks must be
engineered so that the pressure inside the cylinder, which gets very high, is not released by a structural
failure of the cylinder or the valve connecting the cylinder to the pump while the jack is in operation.
To release the pressure of the jack, the one-way valve is simply released so that the hydraulic fluid
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flows back out of the jack's cylinder.
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HYDRAULIC SYMBOLS
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CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

WORKING OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
As the electric motor starts rotating, it also rotates the impeller. The rotation of the impeller
creates suction at the suction pipe. Due to suction created the water from the sump starts coming to
the casing through the eye of the impeller. From the eye of the impeller, due to the centrifugal force
acting on the water, the water starts moving radially outward and towards the outer of casing.
Since the impeller is rotating at high velocity it also rotates the water around it in the casing.
The area of the casing increasing gradually in the direction of rotation, so the velocity of the water
keeps on decreasing and the pressure increases, at the outlet of the pump, the pressure is maximum.
Now form the outlet of the pump, the water goes to its desired location through delivery pipe.
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APPLICATION
The centrifugal pump is used in almost every field to raise the liquid from low level to high
level. They are mostly used at home for filling water tanks, almost in every industry such as chemical,
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automobile, marine, manufacturing, for irrigation etc.
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Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Power Lab 28

PROCEDURE
1. Note down the internal dimensions of collecting tank, energy meter constant
2. Keeping the delivery valve open and start the meter
3. Allow the flow to stabilize and note down the pressure gauge, vacuum gauge reading, energy
meter reading, time taken for 5 cm rise in collecting tank
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4. change the opening of delivery valve and repeat the experiment
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RESULT:
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Determined the efficiency of reciprocating pump and following graphs are plotted
(i) Pi vs Q
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(ii) H vs Q
(iii) ɳ vs Q
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Average input power = ……………………………

Average output power = ……………………………
Average efficiency = ……………………………

OBSERVATIONS & TABULATIONS
Suction Delivery
Head Head Total Time for 5 Time for 5 Discharge Input Output Efficiency
Head cm rise blinking (M3/s) Power Power
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m of
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mm of M of Kg/cm Water (m of (sec) (sec) (KW) (KW) %
Hg water Water)
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LOBE PUMP
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WORKING OF LOBE PUMPS
Lobe pumps are similar to external gear pumps in operation in that fluid flows around
the interior of the casing. Unlike external gear pumps, however, the lobes do not make contact. Lobe
contact is prevented by external timing gears located in the gearbox. Pump shaft support bearings
are located in the gearbox, and since the bearings are out of the pumped liquid, pressure is limited
by bearing location and shaft deflection.
1. As the lobes come out of mesh, they create expanding volume on the inlet side of the pump.
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Liquid flows into the cavity and is trapped by the lobes as they rotate.
2. Liquid travels around the interior of the casing in the pockets between the lobes and the casing --
it does not pass between the lobes.
3. Finally, the meshing of the lobes forces liquid through the outlet port under pressure.
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APPLICATIONS
Lobe pumps are frequently used in food applications because they handle solids without damaging
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the product. Particle size pumped can be much larger in lobe pumps than in other PD types. Since the
lobes do not make contact, and clearances are not as close as in other PD pumps, this design handles
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low viscosity liquids with diminished performance. Loading characteristics are not as good as other
designs, and suction ability is low. High-viscosity liquids require reduced speeds to achieve
satisfactory performance. Reductions of 25% of rated speed and lower are common with high-
viscosity liquids.
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PROCEDURE
1. Note down the internal dimensions of collecting tank, energy meter constant
2. Keeping the delivery valve open and start the meter
3. Allow the flow to stabilize and note down the pressure gauge, vacuum gauge reading, energy meter
reading, time taken for 5 cm rise in collecting tank
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4. change the opening of delivery valve and repeat the experiment
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RESULT:
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Determined the efficiency of reciprocating pump and following graphs are plotted
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(i) pi vs Q
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(ii) H vs Q
(iii) ɳ vs Q
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Average input power = ……………………………

Average output power = ……………………………
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Average efficiency = ……………………………

Shaft Net supply Pressure gauge Discharge Brake Spring Net brake Input Output
speed head reading In weight in balance weight power power Efficiency
Sl no in rpm M3 /s Kg W1 %
Kg/Cm2 M of P1 P2 (P1-P1) W2 In KW In KW
water *10.33
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Exp No: 3
Date:
PELTON TURBINE TEST RIG
AIM:
To find out the efficiency of the Pelton turbine using given Pelton test rig.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Pelton turbine test rig, Stop watch, Tacho meter
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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION:
Pelton turbine
 Output power 5HP
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 Speed 1000rpm
 No of buckets 18 No’s ly
 Brake diameter 30mm
 Rope diameter 10mm
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Single pump set
 Size of venture meter 65mm

 Diameter of inlet (T1) 65mm=0.065m
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 Diameter of throat 38.45mm=0.038m

 Venture meter constant 5.496*10^-3
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Q=K*√H
H=Meter of water
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PRINCIPLE
 An impulse turbine is a turbo machine in which KE from one or more fast moving jet converted to
rotational mechanical energy converted to shaft of machine.
 Nozzle transform water a high head in to power fall jet. The motion of the jet is destroyed by striking
the runner which is absorbed by resulting force on the pressure change occurs at the turbine blade.
 The medium bring high pressure water to the impulse wheel is called the penstock.
1. Efficiency =( break power/ Input power)*100
2. Break power = 2*3.14*NT/60 in KW

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HYDRAULIC LIFT
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Where,
T = Torque in nm
= (w1-w2)*Re
Re = Effective radius of the break drum with rope in water
W1= Applied load in newton Kg=9.81N
W2= Balance reading in newton 1Kg=9.81N
W = Net load in N
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D = Diameter of the drum in meter (.30m)
N = Speed of the turbine in rpm
3. Input power = WQH in KW
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Where,
W = Specific weight of water in 9.81KN/m3 ly
Q = Discharge in m3/sec
H = Head in m of water
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Q = a1a2√2ghw / √(a12-a22)
PROCEDURE
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1. Minimum opening position of the turbine at no load. Note down the manometer and the pressure
gauge reading.
2. Regulate the valve to reach the related speed at rated head of the turbine check the rpm using
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tachometer note down the reading.

3. Load the turbine by putting weight on the loading.
4. Regulate the speed noted by adjusting the valve note, down the reading of the manometer, the
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gauge and spring balance. Repeat the above by increasing the weight the on the hanger gradually up
to the load.
5. Remove the head close the gate valve slowly and stop the centrifugal pump.
RESULT:
Calculated the efficiency of the Pelton turbine by using the given Pelton test rig
The maximum efficiency of the turbine = ………………………..

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HYDRAULIC JACK
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WORKING OF HYDRAULIC JACK
A hydraulic jack's functioning is described very accurately by Pascal's principle, which states
that a force applied to an enclosed fluid is transferred equally throughout the entire fluid. This means
that the fluid must not be able to be compressed. When the jack's pump is activated, it applies
pressure on the hydraulic fluid, which fills the cylinder. Because the cylinder is completely filled while
the pump is active, and the one-way valve completely encloses the fluid, pressure builds within the
cylinder. The pressure escapes via the easiest way possible: it pushes up on the plate of the jack, hence
putting out force. The pump basically exerts a small force on the fluid continuously until the fluid has
om
enough pressure to push up the jack, which lifts whatever is being lifted at the time. This means that
the hydraulic jack can exert massive forces with simply a pump. However, all hydraulic jacks must be
engineered so that the pressure inside the cylinder, which gets very high, is not released by a structural
failure of the cylinder or the valve connecting the cylinder to the pump while the jack is in operation.
To release the pressure of the jack, the one-way valve is simply released so that the hydraulic fluid
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flows back out of the jack's cylinder.
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Hs= Suction head in meters

Number or beats of value Nb= N/T3
T3= Mean time in seconds required for N beats
The magnification factor is calculated corresponding to the best efficiency point from graph.
Lift magnification factor =Hd/Hs
PROCEDURE:
1. Admit water to the supply reservoir and keep the head constant by controlling the valve on the
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delivery pipe to centrifugal pump.
2. Open the ball valve on the supply pipe from the reservoir in order to admit water and to the ram and
allow water to follow through the water valve which is open initially.
3. As the flow in increased to certain level the valve close readily due to the dynamic pressure, This
effect the pumping through delivery pipe , if this is not happening automatically help by hand to
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close the valve one or twice ,so that the ram start and continuous pumping automatically.
4. Open the control valve on the delivery pipe from maximum discharge and note the pressure gauge
reading from the lowest valve or the delivery head.
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5. Note the time to in second for the rise or 5cm rise in the waste water measuring tank if the
difference exceed 10% take a third which comes with in this raise.
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6. Note that time t2 in second for collecting 2 liters of delivery water in flow meter.
7. Note the time b in seconds for N number of heats of waste valve.
8. Repeat the experiment for different delivery heads from the lowest to the highest possible value by
adjusting the delivery control valve.
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9. After taking the observation close the supply pipe to the ram as well as the inlet or the reservoir, In
order to stop the process.
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RESULT
The working characteristics of hydraulic ram at constant value lift and constant supply head was
determined.
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And the following graphs are plotted

 Pumped water v/s Delivery head
 Waste water v/s Delivery head
 D' Aubussion efficiency v/s Delivery head
 Rankines's efficiency v/s Delivery head
- The maximum efficiency point =………………….
- The lift magnification point =………………….

Supply Delivery Time for 5 Time for Actual Total Output Input Efficiency of
SI no pressure pressure blinks 5cm rise discharge head power power the pump
(m of oil) (m of oil) (sec) of oil Kg/m3 (m) (KW) (KW) (%)
(sec)
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Exp No: 1
Date:
EFFICIENCY TEST ON CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
AIM:
To determine the efficiency of a given centrifugal pump and plot the following graphs.
(i) I/P vs Discharge (ii) Total head vs Discharge (iii) Efficiency vs Discharge.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
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Centrifugal pumps, Pressure gauge Vacuum gauge, Energy meter, Stop watch
PRINCIPLE:
Output Power Po = ρgQH Watts
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Where;
ρ = Density of water in kg/m3 ly
g = Acceleration due to gravity (9.81) in m/s2
Q = Actual Discharge in m3/s
po
H = Total head in meters of water
Total head = Suction head + Delivery head
13.6
in
Suction head = Vacuum gauge reading x in meters of water

1000
Delivery head = Pressure gauge reading x 10.33 m of water

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𝐴𝑋ℎ
Actual discharge Q = m3/s
𝑡
A = Area of collecting tank m2

h = Rise of water in collecting tank in meters
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t = Time for 5 cm rise of water in seconds

1
Input power pi = X/t x 3600 x in KW
3200
Where;
X = Number of blinking of energy meter
t = Time for 5 blink of energy meter in seconds
Efficiency = Po/Pi x 100

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OUTPUT POWER, Po= W Q H
Where,
W is the specific weight of oil in N/m
Q is the actual discharge in /sec
H is total head
H= (ps+pd)/s x 10+x m of water
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Where,
X is distance between gauges
ps is pressure at suction
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pd is pressure at delivery
EFFICIENCY, µ=Po / Pi x 100

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po
PERCENTAGE OF SLIP= Qth – Qa / Qth
OBSERVATION
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Energy meter constant, K = 1200rev/kwh
Area of collecting tank =

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Distance between pressure gauges = 0
Motor 1+p/1420rpm
RESULT
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Constant speed test are conducted on gear pump and respected characteristic cures are plotted
1. Head (H) vs Discharge (Qa)
2. Head (H) vs Pi
3. Head (H) vs Po
4. Head (H) vs Output

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Exp No: 6
Date
SIMULATION OF DOUBLE ACTING CYLINDER USING GIVEN PNEUMATIC CIRCUITS
AIM:
To construct a circuit to trigger the forward and return stroke by double acting cylinders using the
given circuits and operates the actuator
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
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1 Double cylinder pneumatic test rig
2 Air compressors
MAIN COMPONANTS
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1. Hand slide valve
 It has an aluminum body. Its function is to inlet the air into the system when in ON position exhaust
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the air in OFF position.
2. AIR FILTER REGULATOR AND LUBRICATOR (FRL) UNIT
po
 It has an aluminum body with a orifice of 6.50mm. it is a secondary air treatment unit. Its needed to
obtain the compressed air which is finely filtered and dried, Regulated and lubricated just before the
entry into a machine or tool
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3. FLOW CONTROL VALVE
 It is used to reduce the rate of flow in a section or a pneumatic circuit resulting in a slower actuator
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speed
4 (a) 5/3 HAND LEVER DETENT VALVE 1/4 “BSP”

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It has acrylic body with BSP inlet port and outlet port A 5/3 DC valve has 5 ports and 3 switching
position.
 This valve is used to activate double acting cylinders.
(b) 5/2 SOLENOID SPRING SPOOL VALVE 1/4 “BSP
 it has acrylic body with BSP inlet port and outlet port A 5/2 DC valve has 5 ports and 3 switching
position
 . This valve is used to activate double acting cylinders.
 In this the valve is return to the normal position when voltage to the coil is removed.

Exp No: 2
Date:
EFFICIENCY TEST ON RECIPROCATING PUMP
AIM:
To determine the efficiency of a given reciprocating pump and plot the following graphs.
(i) I/P vs Discharge (ii) Total head vs Discharge (iii) Efficiency vs Discharge
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
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Centrifugal pump, Pressure gauge, Vacuum gauge, Energy meter, Stop watch
PRINCIPLE:
Output Power Po = ρgQH Watts
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Where;
ρ = Density of water in kg/m3 ly
g = Acceleration due to gravity (9.81) I m/s2
Q = Actual Discharge in m3/s
po
H = Total head in meters of water
Total head = Suction head + Delivery head
13.6
in
Suction head = Vacuum gauge reading x in meters of water

1000
Delivery head = Pressure gauge reading x 10.33 m of water

ad
𝐴𝑋ℎ
Actual discharge Q = m3/s
𝑡
A = Area of collecting tank m2

h = Rise of water in collecting tank in meters
m
t = Time for 5 cm rise of water in seconds

1
Input power pi = X/t x 3600 x in KW
3200
Where;
X = Number of blinking of energy meter
t = Time for 5 blink of energy meter in seconds
Efficiency = Po/Pi x 100

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Shaft Net supply Pressure gauge Discharge Brake Spring Net brake Input Output
speed head reading In weight in balance weight power power Efficiency
Sl no in rpm M3 /s Kg W1 %
Kg/Cm2 M of P1 P2 (P1-P1) W2 In KW In KW
water *10.33
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VISION OF THE INSTITUTE
To create new ideas and innovators in engineering technology and train the
students professionally for the new challenging industry.
MISSION OF THE INSTITUTE
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To Generate New Engineering knowledge in community and promote academic
self-growth for the students and society.
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6027 HM Lab

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6027 HM Lab

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LAB MANUAL

HYDRAULIC MACHINES & FLUID

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

HYDRAULIC MACHINES & FLUID POWER

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

State the function and principle of working of Stage Pumps

Understand the Hydraulic Ram and Hydraulic Lift

Comprehend the Pneumatic and Hydraulic systems

MA’DIN POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

JITHESH NP HOS 9061414555;

VIPIN. V. P LECTURER 9020055676

PRAVEEN. K. P LECTURER 9037834487

ANAND R LECTURER 9633915305

SANJAY K LECTURER 9633593219

NABEEL N WORKSHOP SUPERINTENDENT 9656844140

SUJITH. N W\I 9946012928

MA’DIN POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

 Students must come prepared with the experiment.

`Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Power Lab 1

`Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Power Lab 2

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF PELTON TURBINE

to 1,800 meters, although there is no theoretical limit.

`Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Power Lab 3

`Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Power Lab 4

WORKING OF FRANCIS TURBINE

`Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Power Lab 5

`Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Power Lab 6

WORKING OF THE KAPLAN TURBINE

`Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Power Lab 7

`Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Power Lab 8

WORKING OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

`Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Power Lab 9

`Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Power Lab 10

WORKING OF RECIPROCATING PUMP

`Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Power Lab 11

EXTERNAL GEAR PUMP

`Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Power Lab 12

WORKING OF GEAR PUMPS

`Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Power Lab 13

`Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Power Lab 14

WORKING OF LOBE PUMPS

`Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Power Lab 15

DEEP WELL PUMP

`Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Power Lab 16

WORKING OF DEEP WELL PUMP

`Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Power Lab 17

HYDRAULIC RAM PUMP

`Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Power Lab 18

`Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Power Lab 2

`Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Power Lab 20

WORKING OF HYDRAULIC LIFT

`Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Power Lab 21

WORKING OF FRANCIS TURBINE

`Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Power Lab 5

WORKING OF HYDRAULIC JACK

`Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Power Lab 23

`Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Power Lab 24

`Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Power Lab 25

`Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Power Lab 8

WORKING OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

`Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Power Lab 9

Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Power Lab 28