Scientific Attitude

1. Curiosity
- Curiosity is a strong desire to know or learn
Ex: A learner tries to find more about the topic or subject by asking questions and raising
doubts

2. Intellectual honesty
- Intellectual honesty is an applied method of problem solving, characterised by an
unbiased, honest attitude
Ex: One's personal beliefs or politics do not interfere with the pursuit of truth

3. Critical-mindedness
- Being critical minded means that you are not only open to new ideas but you also
have to think if your idea is logical or not
Ex: An attorney reviews evidence and devises a strategy to win a case or to decide whether
to settle out of court.

4. Open-mindedness
- Open-mindedness is receptiveness to new ideas. Open-mindedness relates to the
way in which people approach the views and knowledge of others.
Ex: One who listens to her opponent in a debate to see if the information makes sense or if
she can change her mind.

5. Skepticism
- Not easily convinced; having doubts or reservations.
Ex: The teacher was skeptical when Timmy told her the dog ate his homework.

6. Objectivity
- Objectivity is the concept of truth independent from individual subjectivity.
Ex: If an employee complains of sexual harassment from another employee, the company
7. Perseverance
- Perseverance is persistence in sticking to a plan
Ex: Working out for two hours each day to lose weight.

Basic Science Process Skills

1. Observing
- to watch carefully especially with attention to details or behaviour for the purpose of
arriving at a judgement
Ex: An astronomer looking at the night sky and recording data regarding the movement and
brightness of the objects he sees.

2. Measuring
 - Measurement is the process of observing and recording the observations that are
collected as part of a research effort.
Ex:

3. Inferring
- Inference is the process of drawing conclusions from the evidence. You can think of
inferring as making educated guesses based on what you know and what a source
tells you. The main types of inference are inferences drawn from context, tone, and
examples.
Ex: If you see someone eating a new food and he or she makes a face, then you infer he
does not like it.

4. Classifying
- Classifying is an investigative approach that involves sorting objects or events into
groups or categories. Classification and identification are important because they
allow us to better understand relationships and connections between things.
Ex: Designating some papers as "Secret" or "Confidential.

5. Predicting
- Prediction in research fulfils one of the basic desires of humanity, to discern the
future and know what fate holds.
Ex: The sky is looking gloomy today. I think it's going to rain.

6. Communicating
- Share or exchange information, news, or ideas
Ex: She communicated her ideas to the group.

Integrated Process Skills

1. Formulating a problem
- A research problem is the first step of the research process. That’s because this is
the issue that will guide your entire research work. You can’t solve an unknown
problem. And solving a problem is the core aim of every research. Thus, a problem
forms the basis of every study.
Ex: The problem in this community is that it has no hospital.

2. Identifying Variables
- Identifying Variables are the factors in an experiment that change or potentially
change.
Ex: The higher the temperature of water, the faster an egg will boil. Independent variable - -
temperature of water. Dependent variable - - time to cook an egg.

3. Formulating a hypothesis
- Formulating a hypothesis requires a specific, testable, and predictable statement
driven by theoretical guidance and/or prior evidence.
Ex: People with high-stress levels will be more likely to contract a common cold after being
exposed to the virus than people who have low-stress levels.

4. Describing Relationships Between Variables

 - Correlation is a statistical technique that is used to measure and describe a
relationship between two variables. Usually the two variables are simply observed,
not manipulated. The correlation requires two scores from the same individuals.
Ex: Taller people tend to be heavier, and vice versa.

5. Designing the Experiment

- The experiment design, also referred to as the design of experiment, is a division of
the applied statistics which oversees conducting, planning, analysing as well as
explaining the controlled tests for estimating factors that control the parameter value
of the group of parameters.
Ex: Testing a new depression medication: one group receives the actual medication and the
other receives a placebo.