‫ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﱰﻛﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻛﺪﻳﺔ –دراﺳﺔ ﺻﻮﺗﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺻﺒﻴﺢ ﻧﻮﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﳋﺰﺍﻋﻲ‬

‫ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻤﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺸﱰﻛﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻛﺪﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺻﻮﺗﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺻﺒﻴﺢ ﻧﻮﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﳋﺰﺍﻋﻲ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺳﻴﺔ – ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ‬

‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺩ ﷲ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺍﻻﻤﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻫﺭﻴﻥ ﻭﺼـﺤﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺒـﻴﻥ‪...‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻌﺩ‪:‬‬
‫ﻗﺩ ﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﻓﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﺨﺘﺹ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻀﻤﺕ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﺎﻅ )ﺍﺱ ﻁﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻟﺒﻨﺔ( ﺍﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﺜـﺎﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺩ ﺍﺨﺘﺹ ﺒﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺼﻭﺼﺔ ﺒﺄﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺕ ﻭﻫﻲ )ﺍﺴﻜﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺴﻘﺎﻁﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺭﺵ( ﻭﻗﺩ ﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻟﻨـﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟـﺙ ﻋﻨـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭ ﻭﻫﻲ )ﺒﻴﺕ‪ ،‬ﺨﺒﺎﺀ ﺨﺹ‪ ،‬ﻤﺴﻜﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﻅﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺯل‪ ،‬ﻫﻴﻜل(‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻨﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ )ﺠﺴﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺭ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺩﻋﻭﺍﺕ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺌﻨﺎ ﻭﺍﺴﺎﺘﺫﺘﻨﺎ ﺍﻻﺠﻼﺀ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺘـﺩﻋﻭ‬
‫ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﺍﻜﺩ ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻁﻪ ﺒﺎﻗﺭ ﻤﻭﺍﺼﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺠﻤﻲ ﺒﻘﻭﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﺫ ﺴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺭﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻬﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﺴـﻴﺠﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﻯﺀ ﺤﺎﻓﺯﺍﹰ ﻟﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ ﻟﻤﻭﺍﺼﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩﺍﹰ ﻻﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﺠﻤﻨﺎ ﺘﺩﻭﻴﻨﺎ ﺤﺩﻴﺜﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺼل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻤﺸﻔﻭﻋﺎ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻱ ﻭﺍﻻﺼﻁﻼﺤﻲ )‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻗﻭل ﺩ‪ .‬ﺨﺎﻟﺩ ﺍﻻﻋﻅﻤﻲ‪)) :‬ﻭﻟﻤﺎ ﻜﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻭﺜﻘـﻰ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﻜﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻭﺜﻕ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﺭﺍﻴﻨﺎ ﻟﺯﺍﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﻥ ﻨﻌﻘﺩ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻫﺎﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺘﻴﻥ(()‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻗﻭل ﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻤـﻀﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺏ‪)):‬ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻟﻐﻭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻡ ﻨﻜﻥ ﻨﺼل ﺍﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻭ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺭﺕ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﺤﺴﺏ(()‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻫﻲ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻗﺩﻴﻤـﺔ ﻭﺤﺩﻴﺜـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﻬـﺎ ﻤﻌـﺎﺠﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻐـﺔ ﺍﻻﻜﺩﻴـﺔ )‪ (CAD‬ﻭ‬
‫)‪ ،(AHW‬ﺍﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻟﺴﻴﺒﻭﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﺏ ﻟﻠﺠﻭﺍﻟﻴﻘﻲ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺠﻤـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻴـﺔ‪ :‬ﻟـﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌـﺭﺏ‬
‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ )ﺱ(‪ ،‬ﺍﺫ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻥ ﺘﺒﺩل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟـﺴﻴﻥ ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻻ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﻭﺗﻔﺼﻴﻼﺗﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻜﻘﻭﻟﻙ ﺠﻌـﺴﻭﺱ ﻭﺠﻌـﺸﻭﺵ ﻟﻠﺌـﻴﻡ )‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﻗﻭﻟـﻙ‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﺍﻷﺱ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﺸﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ ﻟـﺸﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﺴـﻡ ﺍﺸـﻡ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻭﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻜﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺴـﻴﻁ ﻭﺍﻻﺸـﻭﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﺼﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﺜﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻜﺎﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤــﺩﻴﺙ ﺒــﺼﻴﻐﺔ ))ﺍﺵ(( )‪ ((ussu‬ﻭﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫــﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﺱ)‪،(٤‬‬
‫) ‪(٨‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﺼﻭﺍﺕ ﻀﻭﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺨﺎﻟـﺼﺔ ﻤـﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻓﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻗـﺩ‬ ‫) ‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻘﺎﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪)) :‬ﻭﺍﻻﺱ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺎﺱ‪ :‬ﺍﺼل ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ((‬
‫) ‪(٩‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻜـﺫﺍ ﻓـﺎﻥ ﺍﻟـﺴﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟـﺸﻴﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﺫﺒﺫﺒﺔ ﻤﻨﺘﻅﻤـﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺼل ﺘﺤﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻜﺩﻴﺔ )‪ (S‬ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺤـﺩﺓ‬

‫‪٢٠٠٨(٧)(٤-٣)‬‬
‫‪١٣٣‬‬
 ‫ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﱰﻛﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻛﺪﻳﺔ –دراﺳﺔ ﺻﻮﺗﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺻﺒﻴﺢ ﻧﻮﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﳋﺰﺍﻋﻲ‬

‫ﻟﺒﻥ )‪ ،(٢٢‬ﻭﻤﻘﺎﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪)) :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﻴﺒﻨـﻰ‬
‫ﺒﻬﺎ(()‪.(٢٣‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ‬
‫‪-١‬ﺑﻴﺖ‪:‬‬
‫) ‪(١١‬‬
‫ﺫﻜﺭﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻜﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ‪ ،‬ﺒﺼﻴﻐﺔ )ﺒﻴﺕ ‪(bitu‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺜﻭﻯ ﻭﻤﺂﻭﻯ ﻭﻤﻌﺒـﺩ ﻭﻗـﺼﺭ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻤـﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻘﺎﺭ ﻭﻤﻌﺴﻜﺭ ﻭﻏﺭﻓﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺼﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺒـﺩ‪...‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻴﺕ ﻤﻠﻜﻲ)‪ .(٢٤‬ﻭﻤﻘﺎﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪)) :‬ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻫﺭﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴـﺕ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ‪ ...‬ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺫﻴﺏ‪ :‬ﺒﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﺠل ﺩﺍﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻴﺘﻪ ﻗﺼﺭﻩ‪...‬‬
‫ﻭﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺕ‪ :‬ﺍﺒﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺒﺎﺒﻴﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺜل ﺍﻗﻭﺍل ﻭﺍﻗﺎﻭﻴل ﻭﺒﻴﻭﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺒﻴﻭﺘﺎﺕ(()‪.(٢٥‬‬
‫‪-٢‬ﺧﺒـﺎء ‪ //‬ﺠﺎﺀ ﺫﻜﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺼﻴﻐﺔ‪:‬‬
‫))ﺼﻭﺘﺎﻥ ﺘﻭﺃﻤﺎﻥ ﻟﻭ ﺍﺒﺫل ﺒﺎﻻﺨﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺸﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﺘـﺸﺎﺒﻬﺕ ﻜﻠﻤـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ ﺒﺎﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻔﻅﺎ ﻭﻤﻌﻨﻰ(()‪.(١٠‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺠﺹ‪:‬‬
‫ﺫﻜﺭﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻌـﺩ‪ ،‬ﺒـﺼﻴﻐﺔ )‪(gussu‬‬
‫ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﺠﺹ ﻭﺍﺨﺘﻠﻔﺕ ﺍﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻴﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺼـﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻭﺼـﻔﻬﺎ‬
‫) ‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭل ﺍﻨﻬﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﻟﻴﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﻘﻭﻟﻪ‪)) :‬ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﺒﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﺼﺤﻴﺢ((‬
‫))ﻤﻌﺭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎل ﺍﺒﻥ ﺩﺭﻴﺩ‪ :‬ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺠﺹ ﻭﻟﻡ ﻴﻘل ﺍﻟﺠﺹ ﻭﻟـﻴﺱ‬
‫) ‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻥ ﻋﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ ﻫـﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺹ ﺒﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﻥ ﻜﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻡ((‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﺼﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻏل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻡ ﻴﺩﺤﺽ ﻫـﺫﻩ ﺍﻻﺭﺍﺀ ﻓﻬـﻭ‬
‫ﺘﻭﺼﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻻﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻤﻌﺭﻓـﺔ ﻟﻬـﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺸﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺤﻠﺕ ﺭﻤﻭﺯﻫﺎ ﺤﺩﻴﺜﺎ‪.‬‬

‫)ﺨﺏ ‪ (habbu‬ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﺤﻔﺭﺓ)‪ ،(٢٦‬ﻤﻘﺎﺒﻠﻬـﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒـﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﺤﺼل ﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ )ﻜﺹ ﺘﺤﻭل ﺼﻭﺘﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻜﺩﻴـﺔ‬
‫) ‪(٢٧‬‬
‫))ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺒﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻴﻭﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﺭﺍﺏ((‬ ‫)‪ / g‬ﻜـ( ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺘﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻡ( ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴـﺔ‬

‫‪-٣‬ﺧـﺺ ‪ //‬ﺠﺎﺀ ﺫﻜﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﻭﻟﻬﺠﺔ ﺒﻭﻏﺎﺯ‬ ‫)ﺠﺹ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺤـﺩﺓ ﺍﻟـﺼﻭﺘﻴﺔ )‪ / g‬ﻜــ( ‪) :‬ﻏﻴـﺭ‬

‫ـﺼﺎﺌﺹ‪:‬‬
‫ـﺼﻴﻐﺔ‪) :‬ﺨـ‬
‫ـﺔ ﺒـ‬
‫ـﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺜﻴـ‬
‫ـﻲ ﺘﺭﻜﻴـ‬
‫ـﻭﻱ ﻓـ‬
‫ﻜﻴـ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﺤﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﻻﻜﺜﻴـﺭﺓ ﻓـﻲ ﻟﻐـﺔ ﻤـﻥ ﺘﺭﻀـﻰ ﻋﺭﺒﻴﺘـﻪ‪،‬‬

‫‪ ،(HUSASU‬ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﻴﺒﻨﻲ )ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﻘـﺼﺏ()‪،(٢٨‬‬ ‫ﻭﻻﺘﺤﺴﺘﺤﺴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﻥ ﻭﻻ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺭ()‪ ،(١٤‬ﻭﻫـﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻤﻘﺎﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪)) :‬ﺍﻟﺨﺹ‪ :‬ﺒﻴﺕ ﻴﺴﻘﻑ ﺒﺨﺸﺒﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻀﻁﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻥ ﻤﺜل ﺠﻤل ﺍﺫﺍ ﺍﻀﻁﺭﻭﺍ ﻗﺎﻟﻭﺍ ﻜﻤـل‬

‫ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻻﺯﺝ ﻭﺠﻤﻌﻪ ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ(()‪.(٢٩‬‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﻑ )‪ ،(١٥‬ﺍﺫ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﻜﻠﻡ ﺒﻬـﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤـﺭﻭﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺭﺫﻟﺔ ﻗﻭﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﺨﺎﻟﻁﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻡ)‪.(١٦‬‬
‫‪-٤‬ﻣـﺴﻜﻦ ‪ //‬ﺠﺎﺀ ﺫﻜﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻜﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻌـﺩ‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻁﻴﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨــﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻴــﺔ ﻓــﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺜﻴــﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒــﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺫﻜﺭﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ‪ ،‬ﺒـﺼﻴﻐﺔ‪)) :‬ﻁﻴـﺭ‬
‫))ﺸــﻜﺎﻥ‪ ،(sakanu:‬ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫــﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﻜــﺎﻥ ﺍﻟــﺴﻜﻥ )‪،(٣٠‬‬
‫) ‪(١٧‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻘﺎﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪)) :‬ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫)ﻡ(‪ tiru (m) :‬ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻭﺤل‬
‫ﻭﻤﻘﺎﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪)) :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺯل((‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺤﺼل ﺘﺤﻭل‬
‫) ‪(١٨‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﺤﺼل ﺘﺤﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟـﺼﻭﺘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻭﺤل((‬
‫ﺼﻭﺘﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻥ )‪ (S‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﻜﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻜﺩﻴﺔ )ﺭ‪ (R/‬ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ )ﻥ( ﻻﻥ ﺼـﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ )‪.(٣١‬‬
‫) ‪(١٩‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻟﻤـﺼﻁﻠﺢ ﺍﻟﺤـﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﺠﻬﻭﺭﺓ ﺭﺨـﻭﺓ‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﻣﻈﻠﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺨﺭﺠﻬﺎ ﻟﺜﻭﻱ)‪.(٢١‬‬ ‫) ‪(٢٠‬‬
‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺨﺎﻭﺓ‬
‫ﺠﺎﺀ ﺫﻜﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺴـﻴﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤـﻭﻱ ﺒـﺼﻴﻐﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪-٤‬ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﺔ‪:‬‬
‫))ﻤﺼل‪ (masllu :‬ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﻤـﺂﻭﻯ ﺍﻭ ﻜـﻭﺥ ﻗـﺼﺏ‬
‫) ‪(٣٢‬‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀ ﺫﻜﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺸﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ‪ ،‬ﺒـﺼﻴﻐﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻘﺎﺒﻠﻬـﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒـﻲ‪)) :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻅﻠـﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻠﻜﻪ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻋﻲ‬
‫))ﻟﺌﻴﻡ‪ (Libitum :‬ﻭﺍﺼﻠﻬﺎ ﻟﺒﻨﺘﻡ ‪ (Libintum‬ﻭﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫـﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻜﺴﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟـﺸﻌﺭ )‪ ،(((٣٣‬ﻭﻗـﺩ ﺤـﺼل‬

‫‪٢٠٠٨(٧)(٤-٣)‬‬
‫‪١٣٤‬‬
 ‫ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﱰﻛﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻛﺪﻳﺔ –دراﺳﺔ ﺻﻮﺗﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺻﺒﻴﺢ ﻧﻮﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﳋﺰﺍﻋﻲ‬

‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﺼﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﻭﺴﺔ ﺍﺫ ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺀ ﺒﺎﻨﻀﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟـﺸﻔﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻭل ﺼﻭﺘﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩ )‪ (S‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﻜﺩﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻻﺨﺭﻯ)‪.(٤٦‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻅﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻻﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻅـﺎﺀ ﺼـﻭﺘﺎﻥ‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺑﺎﺏ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺭﺨﻭﺍﻥ )‪ ،(٣٤‬ﻤﻔﺨﻤﺎﻥ )‪.(٣٥‬‬
‫ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻜﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ‪ ،‬ﺒﺼﻴﻐﺔ‪)) :‬ﺒـﺎﺏ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -٦‬ﻣﻨﺰﻝ‪:‬‬
‫) ‪ (babu‬ﻭﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﻜﻭﺓ ﻭﺒﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻭﺍﺒـﺔ ﻭﻤـﺩﺨل )ﻟﻠﺒﻴـﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀ ﺫﻜﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻜﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ‪ ،‬ﺒﺼﻴﻐﺔ )ﻤﻨﺯﻟﺔ‪:‬‬
‫) ‪(٤٧‬‬ ‫) ‪(٣٦‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻭ ﺠﺯﺀ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺒﺩ ﺍﻭ ﺠﺯﺀ ﻤﻨـﻪ‬ ‫ـﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻘﺎﺒﻠﻬـﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒـ‬ ‫ـﻊ‬
‫‪ (manzaltu‬ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫـﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﻭﻗـ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪)) :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﻤﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻭﻴـﺏ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺯل‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺭ )‪.(٣٧‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﺒﻭﺍﺏ ﻭﺒﻴﺒﺎﻥ(()‪.(٤٨‬‬ ‫‪ -٧‬ﻫﻴﻜﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺳﻘﺎﻃﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻁﻠﻕ ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺒـﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴـﺭ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻨـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺠﺎﺀ ﺫﻜﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ‪ ،‬ﺒﺼﻴﻐﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻅﻴﻡ ﻜﺎﻟﻘﺼﺭ ﻭﻨﺤﻭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺜل ﻫﻴﻜل ﺴـﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟـﺸﻬﻴﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﺸﻜﺕ )‪ (askuttu‬ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﺴـﻔﻴﻥ )ﺤـﺎﺠﺯ ﺍﻟﺒـﺎﺏ()‪،(٤٩‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﺼل ﻋﺭﺍﻗﻲ ﻗﺩﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻻﺸـﻭﺭﻱ‬
‫) ‪(٣٨‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻘﺎﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪)) :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻘﺎﻁﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺎ ﻴﻭﻀﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒـﺎﺏ‬ ‫‪ ( ekallu‬ﻭﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻘـﺼﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗـﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺼﻴﻐﺔ )ﺃﻴﻜﻠﻭ‬
‫) ‪(٥٠‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﺤﺼل ﺘﺤﻭﺼل ﺼـﻭﺘﻲ ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻘﻁ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻴﻨﻘﻔل((‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻠﻕ ﻤﺠﺎﺯﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟـﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺴـﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻘـﺼﺭ ﺍﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻥ ‪ (S/‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﻜﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻁ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻨـﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻅـﻴﻡ ﺒﻭﺠـﻪ ﻋـﺎﻡ)‪،(٣٩‬‬
‫) ‪(٥١‬‬ ‫) ‪(٤٠‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﺒﺩﺍل ﺼﻭﺘﻲ ﺫﻜﺭﻨﺎﻩ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎ‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻘﺎﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪)) :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜل‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻑ((‬
‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﺤﺜل ﺘﺤﻭل ﺼﻭﺘﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻑ )‪ (K‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﻜﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻘﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﻜﺩﻴﺔ ) ‪ ( ekallu‬ﺼﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻕ )ﺍﻟﻬـﺎﺀ(‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﺒـﺩﺍل ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﺫﻜﺭﻨﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎ )‪.(٤١‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ))ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻓﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘـﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻜـﻑ – ﺍﺫ ﺘﻘـﺎﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﺟﺰﺍء ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻭﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺗﻪ‪:‬‬
‫) ‪(٥٢‬‬
‫(( ﻓـﺎﻟﻘﻭل ﺍﻨـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻓﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺭﺝ ﻭﺘﻌﺎﻗﺒﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﺍﺳﻜﻔﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻗﺭﺒﺎﻥ ﻭﻜﺭﺒﺎﻥ ﺍﺫ ﺩﻨـﺎ ﺍﻥ ﻴﺘﻤﻠـﻰﺀ)‪ ،(٥٣‬ﻓﺎﻟﻘـﺎﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻜـﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺠــﺎﺀﺕ ﻓــﻲ ﺍﻟﺒــﺎﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻘــﺩﻴﻡ ﺒــﺼﻴﻐﺔ )ﺍﺴــﻜﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫) ‪(٥٤‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻓـﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠـﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜـﺔ ﻓﻘـﺩ‬ ‫ﺼﻭﺘﺎﻥ ﺸﺩﻴﺩﺍﻥ‬ ‫‪ ،(askuppatu‬ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻋﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ )‪ ،(٤٢‬ﻭﻤﻘﺎﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺼﻁﻠﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺴﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻻﺼﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻨﻔﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ )‪.(٥٥‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ((‬ ‫) ‪(٤٣‬‬
‫))ﺍﻻﺴﻜﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﻜﻭﻓﺔ‪ :‬ﻋﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻭﻁﺄ‬
‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺤﺼل ﺘﺤﻭل ﺼﻭﺘﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤـﺔ ﺍﻻﻜﺩﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺼل ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤـﺔ ﺍﻟﺒـﺎﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻘـﺩﻴﻡ ﻴـﺩﺤﺽ ﺍﻟـﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌـل‬
‫)‪ (askuttu‬ﺍﻟﻰ )ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺀ( ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ )ﺴﻘﺎﻁﺔ( ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﺤﺼل ﺘﺤﻭل ﺼﻭﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﻜﺩﻴـﺔ‬ ‫) ‪(٤٤‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﻋﺠﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻻﻥ ﻤﺨﺭﺠﻬﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻱ ﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫)‪ (askuppatu‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻜﺩﻴـﺔ )ﺍﻟﺒـﺎﺀ ‪(P/‬‬
‫) ‪(٥٦‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻤﺜﻠﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴـﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﻗﻁـﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻨﻙ ﺍﻻﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺀ( ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ )ﺍﺴﻜﻔﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺍﺫ‬
‫) ‪(٥٧‬‬
‫ﻭﻨﻘﻁـﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺎﺭ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺍﺤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎﺍﺴـﻁﻴﻊ ﻭﻤﺎﺍﺴـﺘﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﻭﺴﺔ )‪ (P‬ﺍﻟﻰ )ﻓﺎﺀ( ﻫـﻭ ﻨـﻭﻉ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫) ‪(٥٨‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻤـﺎ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺘـﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻁـﺎﺀ ﺼـﻭﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺴـﻨﺎﻨﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻜﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺤـﺩﺙ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫) ‪(٥٩‬‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﺤﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻁﻌﻴﺔ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻁﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺴﻘﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﺜﻭﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺘﻲ ﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺒﺤﻴـﺙ ﻴـﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟـﺼﻭﺕ‬
‫ﻏﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻨﻙ ﺍﻻﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ)‪ ،(٦٠‬ﻭﺼﻔﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﻤﺱ)‪.(٦١‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻔـﺎﺀ‬ ‫) ‪(٤٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺴﻴﺎﻗﺎﺘﻪ ﺠﻤﻴﻌﺎ ﺼﻭﺘﺎ ﺍﺨﺭ‬

‫‪٢٠٠٨(٧)(٤-٣)‬‬
‫‪١٣٥‬‬
 ‫ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﱰﻛﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻛﺪﻳﺔ –دراﺳﺔ ﺻﻮﺗﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺻﺒﻴﺢ ﻧﻮﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﳋﺰﺍﻋﻲ‬

‫ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﻱ ﻭﺸﻕ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﺍﻭل ﻭﺍﻨـﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻟـﺴﺩﻭﺩ‬ ‫‪ -٤‬ﻋﺮﺵ‪:‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺯﺍﻨﺎﺕ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺒﺎﺸﺭﺍﻑ ﺨﺒﺭﺍﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻫﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﺍﻟـﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﺫ ﻴﻌـﺩ‬ ‫ﺫﻜﺭﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺸﻭﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻌـﺩ ﺼـﻴﻐﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻲ ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﻗﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﺴﺎﻗﻁ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻜﺜـﺭ‬ ‫ـﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ـﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒـ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻘﺎﺒﻠﻬـ‬ ‫) ‪(٦٢‬‬
‫ـﺭﻴﺭ‬
‫ـﺎ‪ :‬ﺴـ‬
‫)ﺍﺭﺵ‪ (ersu :‬ﻭﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫـ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻘﻪ ﻗﻁﺭﺍ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺎ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻟـﺭﻱ‬ ‫))ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺵ‪ :‬ﺴﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ )‪ (((٦٣‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﻓﻘـﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤـﺔ ﺍﻻﻜﺩﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺘﻭﺼﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﻴـﺎﻩ ﺒـﺎﻟﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟـﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟـﻰ ﺍﻻﺭﺍﻀـﻲ‬ ‫)‪ (ersu‬ﺼﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺼـﻭﺕ )‪ ،(e‬ﻭﺫﻫـﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﺍﻟـﺼﻭﺘﻲ ﺘﺨﺘﻠـﻑ ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻫﺎﺸﻡ ﺍﻟﻁﻌﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﻜﺩﻴﺔ ﻓﻘـﺩﺕ ﺍﺼـﻭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺭﻜﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻜﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻕ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺴﻭﻯ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻻﻜﺩﻴﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﻫﻭ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺒﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺘﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺨﻀﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﻑ ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻤﺤﺘﻔﻅﺔ ﺒﺎﻻﺼﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﺎﻤﺔ)‪.(٦٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤـﺩ ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻜﺩﻴﺔ ﻴﺤل ﻤﺤل ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺍﺼﻭﺍﺕ ﻋﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﻓﻘﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﺼﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﺟﺴﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻕ ﻭﻻﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺎﺀ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀ ﺫﻜﺭﻫﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻻﺸـﻭﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺒـﺎﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺤـﺩﻴﺙ ﺒـﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺘﺅﻜﺩ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴـﺔ‬ ‫)ﻜﺸﺭ‪ (gisru:‬ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫـﺎ‪ :‬ﺠـﺴﺭ ﻭﻗﻨﻁـﺭﺓ )‪ ،(٦٥‬ﻭﻤﻘﺎﺒﻠﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺘﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻜﺜﺎﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ‪)) :‬ﺍﻟﺠﺴﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺴﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﻁـﺭﺓ ﻭﻨﺤـﻭﻩ ﻤﻤـﺎ ﻴﻌﺒـﺭ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻜﺩﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ(()‪.(٦٦‬‬
‫ﺍﳍﻮﺍﻣﺶ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﺤﺼل ﺘﺤﻭل ﺼﻭﺘﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺕ )ﮒ ‪ (g/‬ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤـﺔ‬

‫) ‪(١‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﻜﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺕ )ﺝ( ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴـﺔ ﻭﻗـﺩ ﺫﻜﺭﻨـﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻅ‪ :‬ﻤﻥ ﺘﺭﺍﺜﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﻤﺎﻴﺴﻤﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺩﺨﻴل‬ ‫) ‪(٦٧‬‬
‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺤﺼل ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺼﻭﺘﻲ ﻤـﻥ)ﺍﻟـﺸﻴﻥ ‪ (s/‬ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎ‬
‫)ﻁﻪ ﺒﺎﻗﺭ(‪٤٠ :‬‬
‫) ‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﻜﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﻗـﺩ ﺫﻜﺭﻨـﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﺼﻭل ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﻜﺩﻴﺔ )ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ ﺨﺎﻟﺩ ﺍﻻﻋﻅﻤﻲ(‪ :‬ﺴﻭﻤﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎ)‪.(٦٨‬‬
‫‪ ،١٩٩٨-١٩٩٧‬ﻤﺞ ‪ ،٤٩‬ﺝ ‪ ،٢-١‬ﺹ ‪٨‬‬
‫) ‪(٣‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻤﻴﺔ )ﻜﺎﺭل ﺒﺭﻭﻜﻤﺎﻥ(‪ ،‬ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺠﺎﺀ ﺫﻜﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺒﺼﻴﻐﺔ )ﺴﻜﻴﺭ )ﻡ( ‪،(sekeru‬‬
‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺏ‪٥ :‬‬
‫)‪(4‬‬
‫‪AHW: 11/560‬‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﺴﺩ)‪ ،(٦٩‬ﻭﻤﻘﺎﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪)) :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﺴـﻡ ﺍﻟـﺴﺩﺍﺩ‬
‫) ‪(٧٠‬‬
‫ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ )ﺍﺴﺱ(‪ ،١/١٤١ :‬ﻭﻅ‪ :‬ﻤﻥ ﺘﺭﺍﺜﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻱ‬ ‫) ‪(٥‬‬ ‫))ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺜﻕ‪ :‬ﻜـﺴﺭ ﺸـﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺠﻌل ﺴﺩﺍ ﻟﻠﺒﺜﻕ ﻭﻨﺤﻭﻩ((‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺭ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺒﺜﻘﻪ ﺍﺒﺜﻘﻪ ﺒﺜﻘﺎ(()‪.(٧١‬‬
‫ﻅ‪ :‬ﺜﻼﺜﻴﺔ ﻜﺘﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﻑ )ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴل ﺒﻥ ﺍﺤﻤﺩ ﻭﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫)‪( ٦‬‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﲤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻴﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺍﺯﻱ(‪.١٥٢ :‬‬ ‫ﺍﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﻭﺭ ﻻﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺭﻜﺔ ﺒـﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻅ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻤﺯﻫﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﻭﺍﻨﻭﺍﻋﻬﺎ )ﺠﻼل ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫)‪( ٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻜﺩﻴﺔ ﻴﺅﻜﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠـﺔ ﺒﺒﻨـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻭﻁﻲ( ‪٥٤/٢‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻗﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺒﺩ ﻭﺍﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﺍﻭل ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺄﺨﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﻴـﺎﻩ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﻅ‪ :‬ﺤﻭل ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﺤﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻬﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫) ‪(٨‬‬
‫ﺃﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻻﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻭﻤﺩﻫﺎ ﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﻁﻭﻴﻠﺔ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻷﻭﺩﻴـﺔ ﻭﺇﻗﺎﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻡ )ﻓﺭﻨﺭﺩﻴﻡ(‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺏ‪ :‬ﻉ‪ ،٣١‬ﺹ ‪٣٠‬‬ ‫ﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﺼﻼﺕ ﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﻐﻴﺭﻫﻡ‪.‬‬

‫‪٢٠٠٨(٧)(٤-٣)‬‬
‫‪١٣٦‬‬
 ‫ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﱰﻛﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻛﺪﻳﺔ –دراﺳﺔ ﺻﻮﺗﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺻﺒﻴﺢ ﻧﻮﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﳋﺰﺍﻋﻲ‬

‫) ‪(٩‬‬
‫ﻅ‪ :‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻱ )ﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﺭ(‪٢٠ :‬‬
‫)‪(32‬‬
‫‪CAD: 10/15‬‬
‫) ‪(٣٣‬‬
‫ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ )ﻅﻠل(‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻨﺯ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ )ﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻭﻏﺴﺕ ﻫﻨﻔﺭ(‬
‫) ‪(٣٤‬‬
‫ﻅ‪ :‬ﻓﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻤﻴﺔ‪٤٠-٣٩ :‬‬ ‫) ‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﺼﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻥ ﻭﻜﺘﺎﺒﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ – ﺍﻻﺸﻭﺭﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫) ‪(٣٥‬‬
‫ﻅ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻭﻤﺒﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪٧٩ :‬‬
‫ﺴﻭﻤﺭ‪١٩٦٣ ،‬‬
‫) ‪(36) (٣٦‬‬
‫‪CAD: 10/261‬‬ ‫)‪(11‬‬
‫‪CAD: 5/67‬‬
‫) ‪(٣٧‬‬ ‫) ‪( ١٢‬‬
‫ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ )ﻨﺯل(‪١٤/١١٢ :‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻜﻼﻡ ﺍﻻﻋﺠﻤﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻡ )ﺍﺒﻭ‬
‫) ‪(٣٨‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻭﺍﺏ )ﺍﻜل‪ (ekallu :‬ﻻﻥ ﺍﻻﺼﻭﺍﺕ )‪ (e‬ﻓﻲ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﻟﻴﻘﻲ ﻤﻭﻫﻭﺏ ﺒﻥ ﺍﺤﻤﺩ(‪٥٥ :‬‬
‫) ‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻭ)‪ (u‬ﻓﻲ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻗﺼﻴﺭﺓ ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﻁﻭﻴﻠﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ )ﺠﺼﺹ(‪٢ /٢٩١ :‬‬
‫) ‪(٣٩‬‬ ‫) ‪(١٤‬‬
‫ﻅ‪ :‬ﻤﻥ ﺘﺭﺍﺜﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻡ‪١٥١ :‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ )ﺴﻴﺒﻭﻴﻪ(‪٤٠٤/٢ :‬‬
‫) ‪(٤٠‬‬ ‫) ‪(١٥‬‬
‫ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ )ﻫﻜل(‪١٤/١١١ :‬‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻬﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ )ﺍﺒﻥ ﺩﺭﻴﺩ(‪٤٢/١ :‬‬
‫) ‪(٤١‬‬ ‫) ‪(١٦‬‬
‫ﻅ ‪ :‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ )ﻋﺭﺵ‪(٤ :‬‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺼل )ﻻﺒﻥ ﻴﻌﻴﺵ(‪١٢٨ ،١٢٥/١٠ :‬‬
‫)‪(42‬‬ ‫)‪(17‬‬
‫‪CAD: 1.II/ 333 , LS:35‬‬ ‫‪AHW: 12/1324‬‬
‫) ‪(٤٣‬‬ ‫) ‪(١٨‬‬
‫ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ )ﺴﻜﻑ(‪٦/٣٠٨ :‬‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺎﻟﻌﻴﻥ ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻴل ﺒﻥ ﺍﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻫﻴﺩﻱ‪/١١٠٧ :‬‬
‫) ‪(٤٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﺏ‪١٤٣ :‬‬ ‫‪ ٢‬ﻁ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺭﻜﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻜﺩﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫) ‪(٤٥‬‬
‫ﻅ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻱ )ﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺏ(‪١٨-١٧ :‬‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭ‪ .‬ﻡ )ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺼﺒﻴﺢ ﻨﻭﻤﺎﻥ(‪٢٢ :‬‬
‫) ‪( ١٩‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨل ﺍﻟﻰ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ‪.٢١٣‬‬ ‫ﻅ‪ :‬ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻻﻋﺭﺍﺏ )ﺍﺒﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺒﻥ ﺠﻨﻲ(‪:‬‬
‫) ‪(٤٦‬‬
‫ﻅ‪ :‬ﻓﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻤﻴﺔ )ﻜﺎﺭل ﺒﺭﻭﻜﻠﻤﺎﻥ(‪ ٣٩ :‬ﻭﺩﺭﻭﺱ‬ ‫‪٦٨/١‬‬
‫) ‪(٢٠‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﺼﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ )ﺠﻭﻥ ﻜﺎﻨﺘﻴﻨﻭ(‪ ٢٢ :‬ﻭﻤﺩﺨل ﺍﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻅ‪ :‬ﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﻐﻭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ ﻭﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻥ )ﺴﺒﺘﻴﻨﻭ ﻤﻭﺴﻜﺎﺘﻲ(‪٧٩ :‬‬ ‫)ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺯﻭﻴﻥ(‪٦٦ :‬‬
‫) ‪(٢١‬‬
‫ﻅ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨل ﺍﻟﻰ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ )ﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺏ(‪:‬‬
‫)‪(47‬‬
‫‪CAD: 2/14‬‬
‫)‪ (٤٨‬ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ )ﺒﻭﺏ(‪١ /٥٣٢ :‬‬
‫)‪(49‬‬
‫‪٣١‬‬
‫‪CAD: 1/ II /4444.2/81‬‬ ‫)‪(22‬‬
‫‪AHW : 9/145‬‬
‫)‪ (٥٠‬ﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻭﺱ )ﺴﻘﻁ(‪٣٧٠/١٩ :‬‬ ‫) ‪(٢٣‬‬
‫ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ )ﻟﺒﻥ(‪ ،١٢/٢٢٩ :‬ﻭﻅ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺭﺍﺜﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻱ‬
‫) ‪(٥١‬‬
‫ﻅ‪ :‬ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺭﻜﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻡ‪٣٧ :‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻜﺩﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺼﻭﺘﻴﺔ(‪١) :‬ﺱ( ‪١‬‬ ‫)‪(24‬‬
‫‪G.A.G: 57‬‬
‫) ‪(٥٢‬‬ ‫) ‪(٢٥‬‬
‫ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﻥ )ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺀ‪(٢/٣ :‬‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ )ﺒﻴﺕ( ‪١/٥٤٥‬‬
‫) ‪(٥٣‬‬ ‫) ‪(٢٦‬‬
‫ﻅ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺒﺩﺍل )ﺍﺒﻭ ﻋﻘﻭﺏ ﺍﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻴﺕ(‪١١٤ :‬‬
‫) ‪(٥٤‬‬
‫ﻅ‪ :‬ﺴﺭ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺭﺍﺏ‪٦٨/١ :‬‬
‫)‪(27‬‬
‫‪CAD: 6/ 113‬‬
‫) ‪(٢٨‬‬
‫) ‪(٥٥‬‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻥ ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻴل ﺒﻥ ﺍﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻫﻴﺩﻱ‪١/٤٦١ :‬‬
‫ﻅ‪ :‬ﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻱ‪٦٦ :‬‬ ‫)‪(29‬‬
‫‪C AD: 6/195‬‬
‫)‪ ((٥٦‬ﻅ‪ :‬ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺤﺩﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﻑ )ﺍﺒﻥ ﺴﻴﻨﺎ(‪ ١٧ :‬ﻭﻤﺨﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫)‪(30‬‬
‫‪CAD: 6/195‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﻑ ﻭﺼﻔﺎﺘﻬﺎ )ﺍﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺤﺎﻥ ﺍﺸﺒﻴﻠﻲ(‪٨٢ :‬‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ )‪ ١‬ﺱ(‪١ :‬‬ ‫) ‪(٣١‬‬

‫‪٢٠٠٨(٧)(٤-٣)‬‬
‫‪١٣٧‬‬
 ‫ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﱰﻛﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻛﺪﻳﺔ –دراﺳﺔ ﺻﻮﺗﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺻﺒﻴﺢ ﻧﻮﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﳋﺰﺍﻋﻲ‬

‫) ‪(٥٧‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻭﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻭﺍﻫﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻤﻭﺱ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺭﺘﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﻅ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻤﺯﻤﺭ‪ ،٤٦٤/١ :‬ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻑ )ﺍﺒﻥ ﺠﻨﻲ‬
‫) ‪(٥٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺯﺒﻴﺩﻱ )ﺕ ‪١٣٠٥‬ﻫـ(‪ ،‬ﺝ‪ ،١٩‬ﺘﺢ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻅﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻅ‪ :‬ﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻘﺎل ﻋﺭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺍﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺭﻱ )ﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺘﺜﻘﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﺘﻠﻘﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻤﻜﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻘﻴﻠﻲ )ﺕ‪٥٠١‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻤﺭﺍﺌﻲ(‪ :‬ﺴﻭﻤﺭ‪١٣٨٠ ،‬ﻫـ ‪١٩٦٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺞ ‪ ،١٦/‬ﺝ‪-١‬‬
‫‪٤٠/ ٢‬‬
‫ﻫـ(‪ ،‬ﺘﺢ‪ :‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻤﻁﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪.١٩٦٦ ،‬‬
‫) ‪(٥٩‬‬
‫ﻅ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻭﻤﺒﻨﺎﻫﺎ )ﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺤﺴﺎﻥ(‪.٧٩ :‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴل ﺒﻥ ﺍﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻫﻴﺩﻱ )ﺕ ‪١٧٥‬‬
‫) ‪(٦٠‬‬
‫ﻅ‪ :‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ )ﺩ‪ .‬ﺼﺒﺤﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻟﺢ(‪٢٧٩ :‬‬
‫ﻫـ(‪ ،‬ﺘﺢ‪ :‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﻬﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺯﻭﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻤﺭﺍﺌﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫) ‪(٦١‬‬
‫ﻅ‪ :‬ﻓﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻤﻴﺔ‪٣٩ :‬‬
‫ﺭﺘﺒﻪ ﻭﺼﺤﺤﻪ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﺴﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﺴﻭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻁ‪،١‬‬ ‫)‪(62‬‬
‫‪AHW: 3/246‬‬
‫) ‪( ٦٣‬‬
‫ﻁﻬﺭﺍﻥ – ﺒﺎﻗﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻗﻡ‪١٤١٤ ،‬ﻫـ ﺝ‪.٢-١‬‬ ‫ﻅ ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ))ﻋﺭﺵ((‪ ٩/١٣٣ :‬ﻭﻅ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺭﺍﺜﻨﺎ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻱ‪:‬ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻤﻁﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻨﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻡ‪١٦٦ :‬‬
‫) ‪(٦٤‬‬
‫‪.١٩٨٣‬‬ ‫ﻅ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺩﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻫﻠﻲ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻟﻬﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﺌل ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬
‫)ﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺎﺸﻡ ﺍﻟﻁﻌﺎﻥ(‪٤٧ :‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﻜﺘﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﻑ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴل ﺒﻥ ﺍﺤﻤﺩ ﻭﺍﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻴﺕ‬ ‫)‪(65‬‬
‫‪CAD: 5/91‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺍﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺘﺢ‪ :‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪.١٩٨٢ ،‬‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻥ ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻴل ﺒﻥ ﺍﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻫﻴﺩﻱ‪١/٢٩٠ :‬‬ ‫) ‪(٦٦‬‬

‫‪-‬ﺠﻤﻬﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‪ :‬ﻻﺒﻲ ﺒﻜﺭ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺩﺭﻴﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻅ‪ :‬ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ )‪١‬ﺱ(‪١ :‬‬ ‫) ‪(٦٧‬‬

‫ﺘﺢ‪ :‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻤﺯﻱ ﻤﻨﻴﺭ ﺒﻌﻠﺒﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﻴﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺝ‪ ،١‬ﻁ‪،١‬‬ ‫ﻅ‪ :‬ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ )‪١‬ﺱ(‪١ :‬‬ ‫) ‪(٦٨‬‬

‫)‪(69‬‬
‫‪.١٩٨٧‬‬ ‫‪AHW: 14/1150‬‬
‫) ‪(٧٠‬‬
‫ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻥ ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻴل ﺒﻥ ﺍﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻫﻴﺩﻱ‪٢/٨٣٧ :‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ‪ :‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺼﺒﺤﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻟﺢ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﻴﻴﻥ‪،‬‬
‫) ‪(٧١‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪١/١٣١ :‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‪ ،‬ﻁ‪.١٩٧٣ ،٥‬‬
‫ﺛﺒﺖ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻱ‪ :‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻮﻋﺔ‬
‫‪.١٩٧٦‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﺼﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺠﺎﻥ ﻜﺎﻨﺘﻴﻨﻭ‪ ،‬ﺘﻭﻨﺱ‪،‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻻﺩﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻫﻠﻲ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻟﻬﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﺌل ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺤﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪.١٩٩٦‬‬
‫ﻫﺎﺸﻡ ﺍﻟﻁﻌﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪.١٩٨٠ ،‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺴﺭ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻻﻋﺭﺍﺏ‪ :‬ﺍﺒﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺠﻨﻲ )ﺕ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻻﺒﺩﺍل‪ :‬ﺍﺒﻭ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﻴﻌﻘﻭﺏ ﺍﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻴﺕ )ﺕ ‪٢٤٤‬ﻫـ(‪،‬‬
‫‪٣٩٢‬ﻫـ(‪ ،‬ﺘﺢ‪ :‬ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﺎل‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺨﺯﺍﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‬
‫ﺘﺢ‪ :‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺸﺭﻴﻑ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺼﺭ‪.١٩٥٤ ،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺩﻱ ﻨﺎﺼﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪.١٩٧٨ ،‬‬
‫ﺸﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻀل ﻻﺒﻥ ﻴﻌﻴﺵ ﻤﻭﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺤﺩﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﻑ‪ :‬ﺍﺒﻭ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻴﻨﺎ )ﺕ‬
‫)ﺕ‪٦٤٣‬ﻫـ(‪ ،‬ﻁﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺩﻤﺸﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺝ‪ ،١٠‬ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ ‪.‬‬
‫‪٤٢٨‬ﻫـ(‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﻲ ﺒﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﺠﻴﻭﺭﺠﻲ ﺘﺴﻴﺭﻴﺘﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺘﺴﺎﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫‪.١٩٦٦‬‬

‫‪٢٠٠٨(٧)(٤-٣)‬‬
‫‪١٣٨‬‬
 ‫ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﱰﻛﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻛﺪﻳﺔ –دراﺳﺔ ﺻﻮﺗﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺻﺒﻴﺢ ﻧﻮﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﳋﺰﺍﻋﻲ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺘﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ‪ :‬ﺍﺒﻥ ﻋﺼﻔﻭﺭ ﺍﻻﺸﺒﻴﻠﻲ )ﺕ‬
‫‪٦٦٩‬ﻫـ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻠﺏ ﻥ ‪.١٩٧٠‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻤﻥ ﺘﺭﺍﺜﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﻤﺎﻴﺴﻤﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺩﺨﻴل‪ :‬ﻁﻪ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻗﺭ‪ ،‬ﻡ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ ‪١٤٠٠-‬ﻫـ‬
‫‪١٩٨٠‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻑ ﺸﺭﺡ ﺍﻻﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺠﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ ﻟﻼﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﺒﻭ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺭﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺘﺢ‪ :‬ﺍﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻤﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺝ‪ ،٢‬ﻁ‪،١‬‬
‫‪.١٩٥٤‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ ﻭﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ‪ :‬ﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺯﻭﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻁ‪.١٩٨٦ ،١‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺎﻻﺕ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺤﻭل ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﺤﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻬﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻡ‪ :‬ﻓﺭﻨﺭﺩﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‪ ،‬ﻉ‪،٣١/‬‬
‫‪.١٩٨٣‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻘﺎل ﻋﺭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺍﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺭﻱ‪ :‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻤﺭﺍﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺴﻭﻤﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺞ‪ ،١٦/‬ﺝ‪.١٩٦٠ ،٢-١‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻤﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻜﺎﺭل ﺒﺭﻭﻜﻠﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺘﺭﺠﻤﻪ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻻﻟﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٣٩٧‬ﻫـ ‪١٩٧٧‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪ :‬ﺴﻴﺒﻭﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺭﻭ ﺒﻥ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺒﻥ ﻗﻨﺒﺭ )ﺕ ‪١٨٠‬ﻫـ(‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻁ‪ :‬ﺒﻭﻻﻕ‪١٣١٧ ،‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻟﺤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ‪ :‬ﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻤﻁﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪.١٩٦٦ ،‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻟﻼﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻤﻨﻅﻭﺭ )‪-٦٣٠‬‬
‫‪٧١١‬ﻫـ(‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﻟﻠﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻠﻭﻨﺔ ﺍﻋﺘﻨﻰ ﺒﺘﺼﺤﻴﺤﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻤﻴﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﻫﺎﺏ ﻭﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻁ‪ ،٣‬ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ – ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺤﺯﻴﺭﺍﻥ ‪،١٩٨٦/‬‬
‫ﺝ‪.١٢-٩-٦-٢-١‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻭﻤﺒﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺤﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﻁﺭ‪،‬‬
‫‪.١٩٧٣‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻤﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﻑ ﻭﺼﻔﺎﺘﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﺒﻭ ﺍﻻﺼﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﺒﺎﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺤﺎﻥ ﺍﻻﺸﺒﻴﻠﻲ )ﺕ ‪٥٦٠‬ﻫـ( ﺘﺢ‪ :‬ﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺼﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻥ ﻭﻜﺘﺎﺒﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ – ﺍﻻﺸﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻴﻌﻘﻭﺏ‪ .‬ﺘﺭﻜﺴﺘﺎﻨﻲ‪.١٩٨٤،‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻤﺩﺨل ﺍﻟﻰ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‪ :‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺏ‪.١٩٨٥ ،‬‬
‫ﺨﺎﻟﺩ ﺍﻻﻋﻅﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺴﻭﻤﺭ‪ ١٩٦٣ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺞ ‪ ،١٩‬ﺝ‪.٢-١‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻤﺩﺨل ﺍﻟﻰ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻥ‪ :‬ﺴﺒﺎﺘﻴﻨﻭﻤﻭ‬
‫ﻅﻭﺍﻫﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺍﻤﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻭﺀ‬
‫ﺴﻜﺎﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪.١٩٨٥ ،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻤﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺭﻤﺯﻱ ﺒﻌﻠﺒﻜﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺯﻫﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﻭﺍﻨﻭﺍﻋﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺠﻼل ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﺴﻴﻭﻁﻲ )ﺕ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‪.١٩٨٣ ،٣١/٤ ،‬‬
‫‪٩١١‬ﻫـ(‪ ،‬ﺝ‪ ،١‬ﻤﺼﺭ‪.١٩٥٨ ،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﺒﻭ ﺯﻜﺭﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺀ )ﺕ‪٢٠٧‬ﻫـ( ﻤﺼﺭ‪ ،‬ﺝ‪،٢‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺭﻜﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻜﺩﻴﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫‪.١٩٧٢‬‬
‫ﻟﻐﻭﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺼﺒﻴﺢ ﻨﻭﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺏ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﺍﻻﻋﺠﻤﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺠﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﺒﻭ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﻟﻴﻘﻲ ﻫﻭﺏ ﺒﻥ ﺍﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻀﺭ )ﺕ‬
‫‪٥٣٩‬ﻫـ(‪ ،‬ﺘﺢ ﺍﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺸﺎﻜﺭ‪.١٩٦٩ ،‬‬

‫‪٢٠٠٨(٧)(٤-٣)‬‬
‫‪١٣٩‬‬
 ‫ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﱰﻛﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻛﺪﻳﺔ –دراﺳﺔ ﺻﻮﺗﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺻﺒﻴﺢ ﻧﻮﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﳋﺰﺍﻋﻲ‬

‫ ﻁ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬-٧ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ‬

‫ ﻤﺞ ﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬-٨ - AKKA , DISCHES HAND WORDUCH:
WOLFRAM
‫ ﺝ ﺠﺯﺀ‬-٩
VON SODEN VOL /3.11.12 = A.H.W.
‫ﻡ ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬ -١٠ - GRUNDRISS DER AKKADISCHEN
GRAMMATIK: VOLF
‫ﻤﺭ ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ‬ -١١
SODEN , ROMA , \1952 = G.A.G
‫ﻅ ﻴﻨﻅﺭ‬ -١٢ - LEXICON SYRIACUM CARBROC KEL
‫ ﺭﻤﻭﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺍﻻﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ‬-‫ﺏ‬ MANN , 1982 = L.S
-THE ASSYRIAN DICTIONARY OF THE
1- V.O. I: Volum
ORIENTAL INSTIT
UTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF
CHICAGO , CHICAGO , VOL /1 = (1989)
Abstract 17 , (1956) 6 , 1956) 5 , (1965) 2 , (1986-1964)
C.A.D
This paper consists of four branches or ‫ﻤﺨﺘﺼﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻤﻭﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
parts First of which studies the materials of
building which involve the utterances ‫ ﻤﺨﺘﺼﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺍﻻﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ‬:‫ﺍﻭﻻ‬

(‫ ﻟﺒﻨﺔ‬،‫) ﺍﺱ ﻁﻴﻥ‬. The second part is specialized 1- AHW= AKKADISCHES HAND

WORTERBUCH.
with the utterances which include the parts
2- CAD = THE ASSYRIAN
of house like (‫ ﻋﺭﺵ‬،‫ ﺍﺴﻘﺎﻁﺔ‬،‫ ﺒﺎﺏ‬،‫ ) ﺍﺴﻜﻔﺔ‬. While DICTIONARY OF THER
the third part deals with the utterances of ORIENTAL WSTTUTE OF THE
the types houses as in ( ،‫ ﻤﺴﻜﻥ‬،‫ ﺨﺒﺎﺀ ﺨﺹ‬،‫ﺒﻴﺕ‬ UNIVERSITY OF CHICGO.
3- G.A. G. = GRUNDRISS DER
‫ ﻫﻴﻜل‬،‫ ﻤﻨﺯل‬،‫ ) ﻤﻅﻠﺔ‬the last part concerns the AKKADISCHEN.
utterances of works of protection 4- L. S. = LEXICON SYRIACUM.
(‫ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺭﺭ‬، ‫)ﺠﺴﻲ‬. ‫ ﺍﻟﺭﻤﻭﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬:‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎ‬
:‫ ﺭﻤﻭﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬-‫ﺃ‬
.‫ﻡ ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‬.‫ ﺭ‬-١
‫ ﺘﺭ ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ‬-٢
‫ ﺕ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬.‫ ﺩ‬-٣
‫ ﺘﺢ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬-٤
‫ ﺕ ﻤﺘﻭﻓﻲ‬-٥
‫ ﻉ ﻋﺩﺩ‬-٦

٢٠٠٨(٧)(٤-٣)
١٤٠