SST3005

FUNDAMENTALS OF SOIL SCIENCE

FILMS ON ROCK AND SOIL FORMATION

NAMA PENSYARAH DR. KHAIRUL HAFIZ MOHD YUSOFF

NAMA PELAJAR FARAH HIDAYAH BINTI AZHAR

NO MATRIK 205978
INTRODUCTION

We will be viewing films to understand something on rocks and mineral that make up
the crust of the earth and finally to understand the origin of soils that cover the
terrestrial part of the earth. The films also try to reveal to us on how soil is formed.

OBJECTIVES

a. understand rocks are formed

b. understand how soils are formed.

SUMMARY
1. IGNEOUS ROCKS

Igneous rocks formed from consolidation of molten magma at the earth’s

crust. The liquid that comes out of a volcano is called magma. When that
magma flows, it is called lava. When the surface of the lava cools, it will produce
extrusive igneous rocks or called volcanic rocks.
There is also magma that cannot come out of a volcano. Then, the
magma will cool or harden inside and produce intrusive igneous rocks. Both
have functions such as used as building material, ornaments, and light weight
concrete.

2. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

Sedimentary rocks generally form from the compaction and cementation

of sediments. Sediments are fragments of rocks that have been broken down
because of weathering. Sediments are classified based on their size. First types
of sedimentary rocks are clastic. It from compacted sediments. Next, organic,
or crystalline. Crystalline have evaporites and precipitates while organic have
biological matter.

3. METAMORPHIC ROCKS

Metamorphic rocks are produced due to intense pressure and exposure

intense heat. There have two types of metamorphism. First is contact
metamorphism. Contact metamorphism because of intense heat. For example,
existing rocks are burned from magma. So, magma gives intense heat to rocks
that make the rocks change.
Then, regional metamorphism. It is because of intense pressure. When
there have cracks in soil, and it gives pressure in the middle. It produced
metamorphic rocks in the middle.
 4. SOIL FORMATION

Soil formation is when the huge rocks become in smaller particles

because of expansion and contraction during day and night. Formation of rocks
influenced by several factors. Firstly, water. Water will enter the cracks and
when the water freezes, it will widen the cracks. Flowing river water also makes
the rocks turn into smaller particles. Next, strong blowing winds. When the wind
is too strong, the wind will enter the cracks that cause the rocks to become soil.
The last one is living organisms such as lichens. It is because organisms
release certain substances that help rocks become more cracks.

CONCLUSION

Overall, rocks are formed by several factors. The stones produced are also
used in daily life. Through this activity, we can also understand how soil is formed. Soil
is formed from the process of weathering through wind, water and so on.