Lý Công Khanh, M.

Ed ENGLISH 2 (Anh văn 2)

Unit 4: CHALLENGES
A. VOCABULARY
Risks and challenges (Rủi ro và thử thách)

1. caver (n.) 2. climber (n.) 3. cyclist (n.) 4. fisherman (n.)

nhà thám hiểm hang động người leo núi người đi xe đạp ngư dân, người đánh cá

ai
5. islander (n.) 6. mountaineer (n.) 7. photographer (n.) 8. writer (n.)
người ở đảo nhà leo núi thợ chụp hình nhà văn

9. accident (n.) 10. achievement (n.) 11. cave (n.) 12. challenge (n.)
tai nạn thành tích, thành tựu hang động thử thách, thách thức

i
13. cliff (n.) 14. decision (n.) 15. falls (n.) 16. risk (n.)
vách đá quyết định thác nước rủi ro

17. rope (n.) 18. tent (n.) 19. the top of the mountain 20. the bottom of the mountain
dây, sợi dây lều đỉnh núi chân núi

21. break - broke - broken (v.) 22. camp (v.) 23. climb (v.) 24. crawl (v.)
làm gãy, làm bể, làm vỡ cắm trại leo núi bò, trườn, bò lê
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Lý Công Khanh, M.Ed ENGLISH 2 (Anh văn 2)

25. fall - fell - fallen (v.) 26. find - found - found 27. hitchhike (v.) 28. hold - held - held
rơi, té ngã tìm thấy đi nhờ xe, vẫy xe đi nhờ cầm, nắm, giữ

29. put up (v.) 30. reach (v.) 31. slip (v.) 32. take a risk (v.)
dựng lên đạt tới, vươn tới trượt, trượt chân chấp nhận rủi ro

Personal qualities (Phẩm chất cá nhân)

1. careful (adj.) /ˈkeə.fəl/ giving attention to something in order to avoid esp. an
accident or problem = cẩn thận
2. careless (adj.) /ˈkeə.ləs/ not taking or showing enough care and attention (bất cẩn)
 Careless drivers cause accidents. (Những tài xế bất cẩn gây ra các tai nạn.)
3. decisive (adj.) /dɪˈsaɪ.sɪv/ able to make decisions quickly and confidently, or
showing this quality = quyết đoán
4. experienced (adj.) /ɪkˈspɪə.ri.ənst/ having skill or knowledge because you have done
something many times = có kinh nghiệm, từng trải
 He’s an experienced teacher. (Ông ấy là một giáo viên nhiều kinh nghiệm.)
5. friendly (adj.) /ˈfrend.li/ behaving in a pleasant, kind way towards someone = thân
thiện
6. hard-working (adj.) /ˌhɑːdˈwɜː.kɪŋ/ always doing a lot of work = chăm chỉ
 She was always very hard-working at school. (Cô ấy luôn rất chăm chỉ ở trường.)
7. indecisive (adj.) not good at making decisions = thiếu quyết đoán
 He is widely thought to be an indecisive leader. (Ông được nhiều người cho là
một nhà lãnh đạo thiếu quyết đoán)
8. intelligent (adj.) /ɪnˈtel.ɪ.dʒənt/ showing intelligence, or able to learn and understand
things easily = thông minh
 He is a highly intelligent person who can think outside the box. (Anh ấy là một
người rất thông minh, có thể suy nghĩ vượt ra khỏi khuôn khổ.)
9. kind (adj.) generous, helpful, and caring about other people = tử tế, tốt bụng
 She’s a kind, thoughtful person. (Cô ấy là một người tử tế và ân cần.)
10. patient (adj.) having patience = kiên nhẫn
 Be patient with her - she's very young. (Hãy kiên nhẫn với con bé – nó còn nhỏ lắm.)
11. positive (adj.) /ˈpɒz.ə.tɪv/ happy or hopeful, or giving cause for happiness or hope
= tích cực
 You should a positive attitude. (Bạn nên có một thái độ tích cực.)

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Lý Công Khanh, M.Ed ENGLISH 2 (Anh văn 2)

B. GRAMMAR
Past simple and Past continuous (Thì quá khứ đơn và Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn)

Thì Past simple (Quá khứ đơn) Past continuous (Quá khứ tiếp diễn)
Khẳng định: S + V2/V-ed Khẳng định: S + was/were + V-ing
Cấu
Phủ định: S + did not (didn’t) + V Phủ định: S + wasn’t/weren’t + V-ing
trúc
Nghi vấn: Did + S + V ... ? Nghi vấn: Was/Were + S + V-ing ... ?
➢ They were renowned scientists. (Họ đã ➢ She was reading at this time yesterday.
từng là những nhà khoa học nổi tiếng.) (Cô ấy đang đọc sách vào giờ này hôm qua.)
Ví
➢ I started studying English when I was 6 ➢ I was playing sports when my mom came
dụ
years old. (Tôi đã bắt đầu học tiếng Anh khi home. (Khi mẹ tôi về nhà thì tôi đang chơi
tôi 6 tuổi.) thể thao.)
Dấu Last night/ year/month; yesterday, 2 days At this time last night; at this moment last
hiệu ago, 3 weeks ago, 4 years ago; in 1999... year; at 8 p.m last night; while...
1. Diễn đạt một hành động xảy ra và chấm 1. Diễn đạt một hành động đang xảy ra tại
dứt hoàn toàn trong quá khứ. một thời điểm trong quá khứ.
 Dickens wrote Oliver Twist. (Dicken  What were you doing at 8:30 last
đã viết tác phẩm Oliver Twist.) night? (Bạn đang làm gì lúc 8:30 tối qua?)
Cách
dùng 2. Diễn đạt các hành động xảy ra liên tiếp 2. Diễn đạt hai hành động xảy ra song song
trong quá khứ. nhau trong quá khứ.
 She came home, switched on the laptop  While my dad was reading a magazine,
and checked her e-mails. (Cô ấy về nhà, my mum was cooking dinner. (Trong khi bố
bật laptop và kiểm tra email của cô ấy.) tôi đang đọc tạp chí, thì mẹ tôi đang nấu bữa tối.)

3. Khi ta muốn diễn tả một hành động đang diễn ra trong quá khứ và đột nhiên bị một hành
động khác cắt ngang ta sẽ kết hợp thì Quá khứ Tiếp diễn (hành động đang diễn ra) với thì
Quá khứ Đơn (hành động cắt ngang).
 He was going out to lunch when I saw him.
 
hành động đang diễn ra hành động cắt ngang
(Khi tôi gặp anh ấy thì anh ấy đang ra ngoài để ăn trưa.)
 She was playing piano lonely at night when a thief broke the window to get in.
 
Kết hành động đang diễn ra hành động cắt ngang
hợp (Khi cô ấy đang chơi piano một mình giữa đêm thì một tên trộm đập vỡ cửa kính để đột nhập vào.)

 While I was presenting our new project, the Marketing Manager entered the room.
 
hành động đang diễn ra hành động cắt ngang
(Trong khi tôi đang thuyết trình về dự án mới của chúng tôi, Trưởng phòng Marketing
bước vào phòng.)
 When their boss called for a meeting, they were discussing the new project.
 
hành động cắt ngang hành động đang diễn ra
(Khi sếp của họ triệu tập một cuộc họp, họ đang thảo luận dự án mới.)

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Lý Công Khanh, M.Ed ENGLISH 2 (Anh văn 2)
ÔN TẬP: Cách chia động từ ở thì quá khứ đơn:
- Với các động từ bất quy tắc (irregular verbs), chúng ta dùng cột quá khứ V2 của động từ.
Ex: go → went hear → heard see → saw find → found
- Thông thường ta thêm “-ed” vào sau động từ có quy tắc (regular verbs):
Ex: watch → watched climb → climbed crawl → crawled rain → rained
- Động từ có sẵn tận cùng là “-e”, ta chỉ cần cộng thêm “-d” vào phía sau:
Ex: like → liked hope → hoped die → died survive → survived
- Động từ tận cùng là “phụ âm + -y”, ta đổi “-y” thành “-i” rồi thêm “-ed”.
Ex: study → studied cry → cried try → tried carry → carried

- Động từ có 1 âm tiết, tận cùng là 1 nguyên âm + 1 phụ âm, ta nhân đôi phụ âm cuối rồi thêm “-ed”.
Ex: stop → stopped shop → shopped refer → referred admit → admitted
- Cách phát âm "-ed":  Đọc là /id/ : khi tận cùng của động từ là /t/, /d/
 Đọc là /t/ : khi tận cùng của động từ là /ch/, /p/, /s/, /x/, /sh/, /k/, /f/,
 Đọc là /d/ : khi tận cùng của động từ là các phụ âm và nguyên âm còn lại.

C. SPEAKING QUESTIONS
1. Would you like to go on some kind of expedition? (Bạn có muốn đi thám hiểm hay không?)
2. Do you like taking risks? (Bạn có thích chấp nhận rủi ro?)
3. Are you a decisive person? (Bạn có phải là một người quyết đoán hay không?)
4. Have you ever been climbing? (Bạn đã bao giờ leo núi chưa?)
5. Why do some people find it difficult to make decisions? (Tại sao một số người lại thấy khó khăn
để ra quyết định?)
6. What kind of person makes a good expedition leader? (Loại người nào làm lãnh đạo thám hiểm
giỏi?
7. What do you prefer – mountains or the sea? (Bạn thích cái nào hơn – núi hay biển?)
8. How good a survivor do you think you would be? (Bạn nghĩ bạn sẽ là một người sinh tồn giỏi như
thế nào?)
Big topic: Imagine about a trip to a place you want to explore, how can you prepare for that trip?
(Tưởng tượng về 1 chuyến đi đến 1 nơi mà bạn muốn khám phá, bạn có thể chuẩn bị cho chuyến đi đó
như thế nào?)

D. WRITING
Write a news story with at least 10 sentences based on a true event. Plan your story including the
points below. Say:
• when and where it happened
• what the weather was like
• who was there and what they were doing
• what happened
• what happened next
• if it had a happy or sad ending.
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Lý Công Khanh, M.Ed ENGLISH 2 (Anh văn 2)

E. MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
VOCABULARY: Risks, challenges & Personal qualities (Rủi ro, thử thách & Phẩm chất cá nhân)
1. Scott died while he was on an __________ to the Antarctic in 1912.
cuoc tham hiem
(A) accident (B) achievement (C) islander (D) expedition
2. In this business, the __________ and the rewards are high.
(A) caves (B) decisions (C) risks (D) dangers
3. This type of person makes choices quickly and surely, without having any doubts.
(A) careful (B) careless (C) decisive (D) indecisive
4. We're going __________ mountains in Scotland next weekend.
(A) breaking (B) climbing (C) crawling (D) camping
5. She has had to make some very difficult __________.
(A) decisions (B) challenges (C) risks (D) falls
dc chon cuoc van dong
6. She was elected as __________ of the campaign group.
(A) leader (B) caver (C) climber (D) photographer
7. After three days lost in the __________, all the climbers arrived home safe and sound.
(A) sea (B) mountains (C) ocean (D) rivers
tai nan may bay
8. He was the only __________ of the plane crash.
ng song sot
(A) fisherman (B) survivor (C) cyclist (D) writer
bi thuong ng linh noi an toan
9. The injured soldier __________ to safety.
(A) fell (B) found (C) crawled (D) slipped
10. Probably the most __________ person in history was Albert Einstein. He had an amazing brain.
tham vong
(A) ambitious (B) kind (C) careful (D) intelligent
11. My biggest __________ at school was passing my mathematics exam. I got an A grade in the end!
(A) achievement (B) adventure (C) challenge (D) decision
12. Don’t get angry when things don’t happen as fast as you’d like. Learn to be __________.
(A) reliable (B) experienced (C) patient (D) kind
13. You dropped water everywhere. Please try to be more __________.
tham vong xac dinh
(A) ambitious (B) careful (C) determined (D) hard-working
14. The injured climber slowly and painfully ___________ back down the mountain on his hands and
knees.
(A) climbed (B) abseiled (C) crawled (D) survived
15. This type of person finds it difficult to make decisions.
(A) indecisive (B) weak (C) decisive (D) strong
thong minh
16. This is someone who is clever and uses their brain well.
(A) positive (B) careless (C) lucky (D) intelligent
17. We heard the news of the accident ___________ exactly five o'clock.
(A) by (B) in (C) at (D) on
18. The mountaineers began climbing ___________ February 27th.
(A) on (B) by (C) at (D) in

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Lý Công Khanh, M.Ed ENGLISH 2 (Anh văn 2)
GRAMMAR: Past simple and Past continuous (Quá khứ đơn và Quá khứ tiếp diễn)
19. Mozart ___________ more than 600 pieces of music.
(A) writes (B) wrote (C) writed (D) was wrote
20. Yesterday, at six I ___________ dinner.
(A) was preparing (B) was prepare (C) was prepared (D) did prepare
21. My father __________ a novel while I _______ TV.
(A) was read / was watching (C) read / watched
(B) were reading / was watching (D) was reading / was watching
22. We _______ David in town a few days ago.
(A) did see (B) was saw (C) did saw (D) saw
23. We ___________ our school when he came in.
(A) talked (B) were talking (C) were talked (D) talking
24. Sylvia _____________ when she ___________ the DVDs.
(A) was running / dropped (C) was running / was dropping
(B) ran / dropped (D) ran / was dropping
25. I ___________ to the cinema three times last week.
(A) was go (B) went (C) did go (D) goed
26. The kids _____________ in the garden when it suddenly started to rain.
(A) played (B) playing (C) were playing (D) was playing
27. While Steve ___________ a documentary, he __________ asleep.
(A) was watched / fell (C) watched / was falling
(B) was watching / fell (D) was watching / felt
28. What __________ you _________ last weekend?
(A) were / do (B) did / did (C) did / do (D) do / did
29. While I ____________ in my room, my sister left home.
(A) was studying (B) studied (C) study (D) have studied
30. ______ you __________ anything when I ______ you?
(A) Are / doing / called (C) Did / do / was calling
(B) Were / doing / calling (D) Were / doing / called
31. The police ___________ me on my way home last night.
(A) was stop (B) stopped (C) stops (D) stopping
32. We finally ___________ a good place to camp for the night and put up our tent.
(A) founding (B) found (C) finding (D) finds
33. They _________ when you _________ for remote control.
(A) aren't listening / were asking (C) weren't listening / asked
(B) weren't listening / were asking (D) listened / asked
34. The teacher was angry because some students ___________ football in the class when he came in.
(A) are playing (B) played (C) have played (D) were playing
35. It ___________ when I left the house, but now look! The sun is shining.
(A) wasn't rained (B) was raining (C) didn't raining (D) wasn't raining
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Lý Công Khanh, M.Ed ENGLISH 2 (Anh văn 2)

F. EXERCISES
1.7. Complete the sentence with the past simple of the verb in brackets.
Hoàn thành câu với dạng quá khứ đơn của động từ trong ngoặt.
61. What did you have for diner last night? (you, have)
Did you get
62. ______________ the ticket for the concert tonight? (you, get)
63. We ______________
didn't go to the beach yesterday. (not go)
64. The children _______
grew up in a place full of snow and glacier. (grow up)

65. He has lived here since he _______

came here. (come)
did
66. He does not save as much money as he _______ last year. (do)
67. It _______
took me half an hour to get to supermarket yesterday. (take)
thought seriously for a moment before giving us directions. (think)
68. The man _______
asked him to put some shelves up. (ask)
69. Yesterday, Laura _______
70. Since I _______
was a child, I have solved Math puzzles. (be)
didn't takethat drug. (not take)
71. He would still be alive today if he _______
were completely lost on the mountain. (be)
72. We _______
crawled
73. The injured climber slowly and painfully ____ back down the mountain on his hands and knees.
(crawl)
drived at night when it was cool to avoid the midday sun. (drive)
74. We _______
went out with her boyfriend last night. (go)
75. She _______
76. I _______
was tired when I came home. (be)

77. She _______

got married last year. (get)
78. I _______
didn't go to school last Sunday. (not go)
got
79. Yesterday, I _______ up at 6.00am and had breakfast at 6.30am. (get)
80. I _______
ate a lots of fish yesterday. (eat)

1.8. Complete the sentence with the past continuous of the verb in brackets.
Hoàn thành câu với thì quá khứ tiếp diễn của động từ trong ngoặt.
81. It ____________
was snowing so hard that we couldn’t see anything in front of us. (snow)

82. I ____________
was sleeping and didn’t hear the telephone. (sleep)

83. The boy ____________

was playing in the see when he thought he was a shark. (play)

84. We ____________
was having a picnic in the woods when we saw a fox. (have)

85. She ____________

was sitting on an aeroplane in Denver airport with her one-year-old child when she saw a
fire from the window. (sit)
were running to the exits, Maria climbed out of the window. (run)
86. While other passengers ____________
87. The sun ____________
was shining when Bethany Hamilton arrived at the beach on a beautiful morning in
Hawaii. (shine)
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Lý Công Khanh, M.Ed ENGLISH 2 (Anh văn 2)
88. The young teenager was
_________
surfing out at sea when a shark attacked her and she lost her left arm.
(surf)
was swimming she told other surfers to get out of the water. (swim)
89. As she ____________,
were sailing around the Canary Islands, their boat sank. (sail)
90. While Steven and Rachel Carlson ____________

1.9. Complete the sentence with the past simple or past continuous of the verb in brackets.
Hoàn thành câu với thì quá khứ đơn hoặc thì quá khứ tiếp diễn của động từ trong ngoặt.
91. The climbers _______________
were taking enough food for several extra days in case the bad weather
delayed them. (take)
92. We finally _______________
found a good place to camp for the night and put up our tent. (find)
was shining
93. It was a beautiful day and the sun _______________. (shine)
94. The teacher _______________
was reading an exciting story and the children didn’t move for more than half
an hour. (read)
weren't having
95. They _______________ much food and water but after 31 days at sea they still survived. (not
have)
saw
96. As Flight 455 was taking off, passengers _______________ a fire from the window. (see)
co truong nhan ra dong co ko hd
97. Immediately, the plane’s captain realized that the engines _______________.
weren't working (not work)

pulled
98. While passengers were running towards the front exits, Maria Garza _______________ her
daughter through the window exit next to the wing. (pull)
was climbing
99. I _______________ on a wall when I was eight. (climb)
100. Fifty days ago, three teenage boys suddenly _______________
disappeared (disappear) from the island of
Atafu in a small boat.

G. LISTENING
Exercise 1. Listen to the recording and choose True or False for the following statements.
1. ___ Vic works in a bank.
2. ___ He likes going running and playing sports.
3. ___ His colleagues think his hobby of caving is normal.
4. ___ Vic is a shy person who doesn’t like taking risk.
5. ___ He has a team when he explores a cave.
6. ___ To get into the main place of the cave, he has to crawl on his hands and knees.
7. ___ Rumble Room is an enormous room.
8. ___ His most successful caving trip is to Rumbling Falls cave.

Exercise 2. Listen to the recording and fill in the blanks with the missing words or phrases.
In May 1985, Joe Simpson and Simon Yates (1)___________ the Siula Grande mountain in the Andes.
It’s a dangerous mountain, but Simpson and Yates were very (2)___________ climbers and positive
about the (3)___________. The sun was shining when they left their tents on the first day and
everything went well. Three days later, they reached the (4)___________ of the mountain, but they
didn’t stay there long. It was snowing and the weather was getting worse. While they were going down
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Lý Công Khanh, M.Ed ENGLISH 2 (Anh văn 2)
the mountain, Simpson (5)___________ and broke his knee. Yates tied a (6)___________ between
them and slowly lowered Simpson down the mountain with the rope. Sometime later, when they were
getting nearer to the (7)___________ of the mountain, Simpson slipped and fell over a
(8)___________. For an hour, Yates held the rope while his friend was hanging in the air. But the rope
was getting too heavy and it was pulling Yates off the mountain. Simon Yates had an impossible
(9)___________. Either he could hold the rope, but then they might both die, or he could cut the rope
and save himself. At the last second, Yates (10)___________ the rope. The next day, Yates
(11)___________ for his friend, but couldn’t find him. Sadly, he decided he was dead. But amazingly,
Simpson was still alive and he started to (12)___________ towards their camp. Three days later, Yates
was sleeping in his (13)___________ and planned to go home the next morning. But at midnight he
suddenly woke up. Someone was shouting his name. He ran outside and looked everywhere. Finally,
he (14)___________ Simpson on the ground. He wasn’t moving, but he was still breathing. Yates
carried him to the tent and Simpson (15)___________. Later, their story became famous as a book
and a film.

Exercise 3. Listen to the recording and choose the correct answer for each question.
1. How was the start of the camping trip?
(A) very good (B) very bad (C) exciting (D) funny
2. When did Mark and the other leave the house?
(A) right away (B) immediately (C) early (D) late
3. What happened to the car?
(A) It broke down. (C) One of the car tires was flat.
(B) It run out of gas. (D) The car window was broken.
4. Who helped them?
(A) A teenage boy (B) A pedestrian (C) A mechanic (D) A delivery man
5. How long did they drive for to get to the campsite?
(A) About half an hour. (C) More than an hour.
(B) Nearly one hour. (D) About two hours.
6. What was the problem when they found the campsite?
(A) The car was broken again. (C) There was nobody at the campsite.
(B) They were lost in the forest. (D) It was dark and it was raining.
7. Where did they go instead?
(A) back to their house (C) to a nice hotel down the road
(B) to a garage nearby (D) to a warm hotel near the forest
8. How long did they stay there?
(A) whole weekend (B) just that night (C) for one day (D) for a week

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