THE CONCEPT OF

COMPETITIVE AND
NON-COMPETITIVE
SPORT

1
• PLAY

• GAME

• SPORT

2
• FREE – PARTICIPATE VOLUNTARILY
• SEPARATENESS – NOT RESTRICTED TO
SPECIFIC PLACE
• UNCERTAIN – OUTCOME IS NOT
DETERMINED
• UNPRODUCTIVE – NO MATERIAL REWARDS
• MAKE BELIEVE – PARTICIPANTS PLAY A
ROLE
 Play
Play is an expressive
activity done for its own
sake.
(Coakley, 2012)

1. freedom of choice
2. personal enjoyment
3. focus is on the activity itself rather than its
outcomes.
(Hughes, 2003)
1. Free
2. Separateness
3. Uncertain
4. Unproductive/ non-utilitarian
5. Make believe
Caillois, 1961
❑ COMPETITION & DETERMINATION
Agon (competition) – attempt to establish mental or
physical superiority over rivals within the rules of the game.
(basketball, baseball, hockey).
❑ Element of CHANCE
Alea (chance) – which luck or fate is more important
than ability or skill (playing cards, tossing coin).

❑ MIMICRY
Pretense (mimicry) – activities in which children and adults
participate as a part of their socialization experience. (Playing
a role as policeman, father, doctor).

❑ VERTIGO
Ilinx (vertigo) – those experiences in which one transcends or
loses a sense of self (flying game, dancing, meditation).
 Game
Characteristics of game:

1.A game is played for recreation and

enjoyment.

2. It is played on the basis of a set of rules

and it is defined as a goal that the players try
to achieve.

3. The entire performance of the players

determines the winner.

4. A game is played with a friendly attitude.

1. derives from the Latin root DESPORTO “to
carry away”.
2. Involves COMPETITION
3. Has intrinsic rewards
4. Goals are FUN and PLEASURE
5. STRUCTURED
6. Has History and Tradition
7. Institutionalized
TQ