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ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ )ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺘﺠﺭﻴﺒﻴﺔ( ƃ 1 Ƥﺍﻟﻤﻠﺨﺹ ﺭﻗﻡ 04
ﺍﻟﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻥ
ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﻜل ﻋﺩﺩﻴﻥ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﻴﻥ ﻤﻭﺠﺒﻴﻥ ﺘﻤﺎﻤﺎ aﻭ ،bﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﻜل ﻋﺩﺩﻴﻥ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﻴﻥ xﻭ yﻟﺩﻴﻨﺎ:
( )x
a ax ax )ln (ax ) = x ln(a •
= • = ax−y •
b bx ay
(ax )y = axy • ax × bx = ax+y •
1
ﺇﺯ
(a × b)x = ax × bx • = a−y •
ay
ﺭﻱ /3ﻤﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ :a
ﻟﻴﻜﻥ aﻋﺩﺩ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﺘﻤﺎﻤﺎ ﻭﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ ،1ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل xﻤﻥ fa (x) = ax :R
ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ faﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭﺓ ﻭﻗﺎﺒﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺸﺘﻘﺎﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ،Rﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﻜل xﻤﻥ :R
ﺯﻴ
ﻟﻴﻜﻥ aﻋﺩﺩ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﺘﻤﺎﻤﺎ ﻭﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ ،1ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل xﻤﻥ fa (x) = ax :R
ﺩﻴﻥ
ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ 0 < a < 1ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ faﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺘﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ ﺘﻤﺎﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ .R •
ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ a > 1ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ faﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩﺓ ﺘﻤﺎﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ .R •
ﻟﻴﻜﻥ aﻋﺩﺩ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﺘﻤﺎﻤﺎ ﻭﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ ،1ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل xﻤﻥ fa (x) = ax :R
ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ 0 < a < 1ﻓﺈﻥ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ faﻋﻨﺩ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻬﺎ ﻫﻲ: •
ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ a > 1ﻓﺈﻥ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ faﻋﻨﺩ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻬﺎ ﻫﻲ: •
w 2023 - 2022 ú 05.52.17.10.20 / 06.65.32.63.20 ú
ﺍﻷﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﺇﺯﺭﻱ ﺯﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ
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ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ )ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺘﺠﺭﻴﺒﻴﺔ( ƃ 2 Ƥﺍﻟﻤﻠﺨﺹ ﺭﻗﻡ 04
ﺍﻟﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻥ
ﻟﻴﻜﻥ aﻋﺩﺩ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﺘﻤﺎﻤﺎ ﻭﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ ،1ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل xﻤﻥ fa (x) = ax :R
ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ 0 < a < 1ﻓﺈﻥ ﺠﺩﻭل ﺘﻐّﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ faﻴﻜﻭﻥ: •
∞+
)fa (x 1
a
0
ﺇﺯ
x ∞− 0 1 ∞+
)fa (x
ﺭﻱ a
∞+
1
0
ﺯﻴ
/7ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﻲ ﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ :a
(0,5)x 2x
3
2
1
0
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3
-1
-2
-3
w 2023 - 2022 ú 05.52.17.10.20 / 06.65.32.63.20 ú
ﺍﻷﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﺇﺯﺭﻱ ﺯﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ
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ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ )ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺘﺠﺭﻴﺒﻴﺔ( ƃ 3 Ƥﺍﻟﻤﻠﺨﺹ ﺭﻗﻡ 04
ﺍﻟﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻥ
ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﻜل ﻋﺩﺩ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻤﻭﺠﺏ ،aﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﻜل ﻋﺩﺩ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻌﺩﻭﻡ ،nﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﻭﺤﻴﺩ b
√
ﻴﺤﻘﻕ .bn = aﻴﺴﻤﻰ bﺍﻟﺠﺫﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﺩﺩ aﻭﻨﺭﻤﺯ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺒﺎﻟﺭﻤﺯ . n a
√
ﺘﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ fﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل [∞ [0; +ﺤﻴﺙ ،f (x) = n xﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺫﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻨﻲ.
/9ﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ:
ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﻜل ﻋﺩﺩ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﺘﻤﺎﻤﺎ ،aﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﻜل ﻋﺩﺩ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻌﺩﻭﻡ :n
√
n
1
a = an
ﺇﺯ
/10ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ:
√
= )fn (x n
ﻟﻴﻜﻥ nﻋﺩﺩ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻌﺩﻭﻡ ،ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﻜل xﻤﻥ [∞x :[0; +
ﻥ ﺍﻟ
ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ fnﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭﺓ ﻭﻗﺎﺒﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺸﺘﻘﺎﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ [∞ ،]0; +ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﻜل xﻤﻥ [∞:]0; +
1
= )fn′ (x x n −1
1
n
ﺩﻴﻥ
√ √
lim n
x=0 ﻭ lim n
∞x = +
x→0 ∞x→+
/14ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ:
w 2023 - 2022 ú 05.52.17.10.20 / 06.65.32.63.20 ú
ﺍﻷﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﺇﺯﺭﻱ ﺯﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ
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ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ )ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺘﺠﺭﻴﺒﻴﺔ( ƃ 4 Ƥﺍﻟﻤﻠﺨﺹ ﺭﻗﻡ 04
ﺍﻟﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻥ
∞+
)fn (x
0
ﺇﺯ
ﻟﻨﺄﺨﺫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ fﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ [∞ [0; +ﺒـ:
= )f (x
ﺭﻱ
√
3
x
3
ﺯﻴ
√
3
2 x
1
ﻥ ﺍﻟ
0
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3
-1
ﺩﻴﻥ
-2
-3
/17ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﻬﻤﺔ:
ex ex
lim ∞= + lim ∞= +
∞x→+ xn ∞x→+ x
lim xn ex = 0 lim x ex = 0
∞x→− ∞x→−
)ln(x )ln(x
lim =0 lim =0
∞x→+ xn ∞x→+ x
w 2023 - 2022 ú 05.52.17.10.20 / 06.65.32.63.20 ú
ﺍﻷﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﺇﺯﺭﻱ ﺯﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ
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ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ )ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺘﺠﺭﻴﺒﻴﺔ( ƃ 5 Ƥﺍﻟﻤﻠﺨﺹ ﺭﻗﻡ 04
ﺍﻟﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻥ
/18ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ:
ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍل ln(x) ،exﻭ xnﺘﺅﻭل ﺇﻟﻰ ∞ +ﻟﻤﺎ xﻴﺅﻭل ﺇﻟﻰ ∞ +ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺴﻠﻭﻜﻬﺎ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ.
ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻼﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺘﺘﻔﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻗﻭﺓ ،ﻭﺘﺘﻔﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻗﻭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻏﺎﺭﻴﺘﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺒﻴﺭﻴﺔ .ﺃﻱ:
3
ﺇﺯ
2 ﺭﻱ )ln(x
1
ﺯﻴ
ﻥ ﺍﻟ
0
1 2 3
ﺩﻴﻥ
w 2023 - 2022 ú 05.52.17.10.20 / 06.65.32.63.20 ú ﺍﻷﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﺇﺯﺭﻱ ﺯﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ