Grammarly Report generated on 

Friday, Mar 15, 2019, 9:27 AM Page 1 of 14

DOCUMENT SCORE

Tool Design 68 of 100

ISSUES FOUND IN THIS TEXT

181
PLAGIARISM

Checking disabled

Contextual Spelling 13
Misspelled Words 8
Confused Words 5

Grammar 35
Determiner Use (a/an/the/this, etc.) 21
Faulty Subject-Verb Agreement 4
Incorrect Verb Forms 4
Wrong or Missing Prepositions 3
Modal Verbs 1
Misuse of Modifiers 1
Incorrect Phrasing 1

Punctuation 12
Punctuation in Compound/Complex Sentences 9
Comma Misuse within Clauses 3

Sentence Structure 9
Misplaced Words or Phrases 5
Incomplete Sentences 3
Faulty Parallelism 1

Style 60
Passive Voice Misuse 47
Wordy Sentences 6
Intricate Text 3
Weak or Uncertain Language 3
Improper Formatting 1
Grammarly Report generated on Friday, Mar 15, 2019, 9:27 AM Page 2 of 14

Vocabulary enhancement 52
Word Choice 52
Grammarly Report generated on Friday, Mar 15, 2019, 9:27 AM Page 3 of 14

Tool Design

Stair Climbing Push Cart: Roller Wheels Attachment

Kaquilala, Rolando C., Lagahit, Lord Donewell Z.,
Tabaranza, Matthew James C.
Adviser: Engr. Randy K. Salazar

Abstract

There are many transport tools made nowadays to make

transporting heavy materials easier. These tools are made 1
since heavy materials 2 can't be easily transferred 3 from
1
one place to another. Although these tools really 4 help in Passive voice
2

transporting 5 heavy materials 6, these can only be used 7 in Repetitive word: materials
3
Passive voice
flat surfaces and 8 it can't transport 9 from one floor to 4
[really]
another. To asses 10 this problem, the concepts of 5
Repetitive word: transporting
6
transporting 11 materials using trolley carts and wheels Repetitive word: materials
7
rolling over bumpy surfaces are studied to know the factors Passive voice
8

on how to make it possible to roll 12 over inclined surfaces [, and]

9
Repetitive word: transport
such as stairs and to make it more effective in transporting 10
[asses,]
materials. Standard dimension of trolley carts are 14 used 13 11
Repetitive word: transporting
12
as basis 15 of the design. Kinematic analysis and free body Repetitive word: roll
diagram are done to determine the forces at each part of the
13
equipment. Passive voice
14
[are → is]
15
[the basis]
Introduction
Transport tools are very much useful nowadays since it is
used 16 in transporting certain materials in an easy 18
manner 17. Different innovations of transport tool are made
to make it effective 19 in different 20 surfaces such as in
16
plain 21, incline or stairs. Most likely, it requires two or Passive voice
17
more people to transport heavy loads up or down stairs and Wordy adverbial of manner
18
Overused word: easy
because of this act, there are issues of damaging the 19
Overused word: effective
product or 22 sometimes injury occurs to those who are 20
Repetitive word: different
21
lifting the cargo. Many innovations of the wheels are made Overused word: plain
to be more effective 23 on various kinds of surfaces. One of
the most dealt is on how the wheels of certain can roll over
22
stairs. By having these tools, it would be much efficient to [, or]
carry things in stairs or other incline 24 surfaces. Using
Grammarly Report generated on Friday, Mar 15, 2019, 9:27 AM Page 4 of 14

23
transport tools that can climb stairs, transporting cargos Overused word: effective

would be much easier 25 and efficient. This study intends to

make a transport tool that can work on a flat surface and
work on inclines such as stairs.
24
Existing products uses tri-wheels and arc wheels to climb Possibly confused word

stairs. Tri-wheels are the common 26 wheels used

25
nowadays. These products usually use three pivoted wheels Overused word: easier

to climb stairs alternating the wheels each time it goes up

one step. John F. Fleming's invention is particularly
directed 27 to an improved hand-guided moving dolly
having a plurality of wheels, each of which is mounted 28
26
on one of the radial arms of a rotatable spider. Climbing Overused word: common

stairs with this wheel isn't that smooth because of the gap
between the wheels.
There are several existing designs of transportation tool
27
available in the markets that can carry loads in incline 30 29 Passive voice

position. The products differs 32 31 each other from

manually operated to fully motorize 33 and how it handles
28
the motion while navigating. Factors for effective 34 Passive voice

transporting of loads particularly in a slope with the steps is

to manage or eliminate the bumps occurred upon moving.
The challenge here is to eliminate 35/reduce bumps 36
occurred 37 upon transporting.
Evaluating 38 the factors that will lead to the understanding
29
on 39 how transport tools work effective 40. Another [the incline  or  an incline]
30

approach of the wheel will also be made 41 so that the tool 42 Possibly confused word
31
[differs → differ]
can roll over different surfaces and to 43 reduce bumps 32
[differs from]
when it is operating in incline or stairs. Proposed 44 design 33
[to fully motorize → to motorize fully]
34
will be based 45 according to the results of the kinematic Overused word: effective

analysis, mechanics, shear and moment that will be down

during this study.
35
Literature Review Repetitive word: eliminate
36
Repetitive word: bumps
37
Repetitive word: occurred
2.1 Folding Platform Cart 38
[Evaluating → It is evaluating]
39
[on → of]
40
Fig. 2.1 – Folding Platform Cart [effective → effectively]
41
The U-Lift UL150 Folding Platform Cart has a capacity of Passive voice
42

150 kg, an open dimension of 720x480x879.5mm, and a Repetitive word: tool

43
[to]
folded dimension 46 of 720x480x250mm. The weight of the 44
[The proposed]
tool is 10kg. The cart is manufactured 47 with all-steel 45
Passive voice
construction which assures that it can lift heavy loads 48 It
Grammarly Report generated on Friday, Mar 15, 2019, 9:27 AM Page 5 of 14

is provided 49 with wraparound rubber bumper which helps

in resisting certain 50 shocks when bumping certain objects.
The deck of the cart is also vinyl textured. the folding 51
platform cart is equipped 52 with an oversized fixed caster
wheel in front and swivel caster wheel in the back to have
ease in maneuvering the cart. This tool is perfect for
home 53, office, garden, garage, and others in which there is
a need in transporting heavy loads. The cart has a capacity 46
Repetitive word: dimension
of 150 kg.
47
Passive voice
Fig 2.2 – Stairway-Climbing Cart
2.2 Stairway-Climbing Cart 48
[loads.]
49
Passive voice
The Stairway-Climbing Cart has a pair of crawler belts on 50
Overused word: certain
opposite sides of the frame of the cart. Each of these 51
[the folding → The folding]
crawler belts is connected 54 to a power unit in order to 55 52
Passive voice
enable the change of the travel direction of the cart. The
belt crawler has a length spanning at least two steps of the
stairway for stability 56 of the cart. The cart ascends in the 53
[the home  or  a home]
stable condition without holding the handle since the
driving belt crawler has a length spanning between two
steps of the stairway. When the cart is moved 57 to floor 58,
the handle will be kept 59 at a certain 60 inclination that the
belt crawler is located 61 above the floor 62 and the wheels
support the cart on the floor. In this way, it will be easily 64
and safely moved 63 by the operator of the cart.

54
Passive voice
55
[in order to → to]
2.3 Hand Truck
Fig. 2.3 – Hand Truck
The Hand Truck provides a novel 65 vehicle of the barrow 56
[the stability]
or hand truck type, so constructed that it may be rolled 66 on
its wheels along an approximately horizontal surface, or b
slid downstairs or upstairs, without bumping it being 67
possible. Thus, to handle merchandise readily, without 57
Passive voice
unloading it, when it is desired to transport the 58
[the floor]
merchandise from one floor to another. The lower portions 59
Passive voice
60
of the wheels are substantially flush with the lower edges Overused word: certain
61

of the runners, and the truck can be slid down a pair of Passive voice
62
Grammarly Report generated on Friday, Mar 15, 2019, 9:27 AM Page 6 of 14

63
stairs, or be drawn up a stair, on the runners without Repetitive
Passive word: floor
voice
64

causing the wheels to bump. Overused word: easily

2.4 Push Pull Toggle Clamps

Fig 2.4 – Push Pull Toggle Clamps

Push Pull Toggle Clamps are very much useful for different
users because it enables them to apply a low input force
65
and have a high output clamping force. To prevent the Unusual word pair
clamp from opening when holding certain 69 68 load, it has
66
an over center 70 locking mechanism which makes these Passive voice
clamps ideal for repetitive holding. These push pull 72
67
toggle clamp models 71 include: push pull 73 toggle clamps [being → is]
with flat 74 base, nose mounted push pull toggle clamps,
heavy duty 75 push pull toggle clamps 76 and precision push
pull 77 toggle clamps. These push pull 78 toggle clamps are
manufactured 79 in either zinc plated steel, stainless-steel 80
and 81 cast steel. For user comfort, these are also
equipped 82 with red vinyl cushioned hand grips, body and
linkage components are not corrosive, and pivot points are
equipped 83 with hardened steel or stainless-steel rivets.
Having these advantages 84, it is assured 85 that accuracy
will be maintained 86 and long service life will be
provided 87.

68
2.5 Manual Scissor Lift Table Overused word: certain
69
Fig. 2.5 – Manual Scissor Lift Table [a certain]
70

A scissor lift is type 89 of 88 platform that can move only [over center → over-center]
71
vertically. Scissor lift was easy to use/operate and 90 it will Noun string
72
be used conveniently at industries and other common 91 [push pull → push-pull]
73

places. The mechanism incorporated to achieve this [push pull → push-pull]

74
[a flat  or  the flat]
function was the use of linked, folding supports in a criss- 75
[heavy duty → heavy-duty]
cross 'X' pattern, known as a pantograph. All safety 76
Noun string
77
considerations were taken into account while designing [push pull → push-pull]
78

equipment handling devices. Scissor lifting mechanism was [push pull → push-pull]
79
Passive voice
design 92 to lift person, materials, and loads smoothly to 80
Possibly confused word
desired 93 height. A scissor lift provides most economic 81
[, and]
82
dependable & versatile methods of lifting loads; it had few Passive voice
83
moving parts which may only require lubrication. A scissor 84
Grammarly Report generated on Friday, Mar 15, 2019, 9:27 AM Page 7 of 14

85
lift mechanism was a device used to extend or retract a Dangling
Passive
Passive voice
modifier
voice
86
platform by hydraulic, pneumatic, or mechanical means. 87
Passive voice
Passive voice

2.6 Walk and Roll Stair Climbing Oscillating Skate-Wheels

Fig. 2.6 – Walk and Roll Stair Climbing Oscillating Skate-

Wheel
Strollers, carts, wheel chairs 94, etc. has 95 wheels which are
only capable of plain surfaces and it is not effective 96 in
88

climbing chairs since it might cause bumps on it. Due to Vagueness

89
[a type]
this issue about how these tools will climb stairs,
90

innovations of wheels are invented 97. One of these [, and]

91

innovations is the Oscillating Skate-Wheels, which is made Overused word: common

by Walk 98 & Roll Stairs Project. What they aim is that to

redesign stairs and trolleys, strollers, carts, wheelchairs for
climbing stairs more easily since they found out that low
steep ramps are unavailable in most buildings and during
emergency and breakdown, lifts or elevators are out of
92

order. By this innovation, it would be capable of going up [was design → designed]

93

and down in stairs because of its arc surface. To be able to [the desired]

use the oscillating skate-wheel, it would be attached 99 on

the wheels of a wheels 100 of a 101 normal 102 transport tool
and 103 after which, climbing stairs would be much
easier 104. Although it does not roll like a normal 105 wheel,
it is designed as a guide for the wheels when it is used 106 in
stairs. As a stroller or cart is being pulled 107 in the stairs,
the arc will just 108 slide through each step in the stairs. In
this way, the transport tool will just 109 pass through the
steps in the stairs. In addition 110, using the oscillating
skate-wheel, it would not cause too much bump on the
transport tool when it is being pulled 111 through the stairs.
To be effective 113 on climbing stairs 112, the wheel of a
94

transport tool must be able to roll over stairs and as much Possibly miswritten word: wheel chairs
95
[has → have]
as possible it should not cause too much bump since
96

transport tools like carts or wheelchairs deals on certain 114 Overused word: effective

cargos like fragile or persons.

97
Passive voice

2.7 Skipper Stair Climber

98
[the Walk]

Fig. 2.7 – Skipper Stair Climber

Grammarly Report generated on Friday, Mar 15, 2019, 9:27 AM Page 8 of 14

There are different types of stair climbing machines or

device divided into two categories motor driven and
manually operated. Operating differs on user preferable 115
position whether pushing or pulling position 116. This stair
climbing device has up 350 kg capacity to lift or moved
down the stair. It is equipped 117 with dual chain wheels and
automatic braking for safety, fully 118 controlled tipping 99
Passive voice
function, leveling flat form, durable aluminum frame 100
[a wheels → a wheel]
101
and 119 adjustable handle. The weight is always [wheels of a]
102
transferred 120 to the ground or the stairs; the operator can Overused word: normal
103

work in absolute safety in the most critical conditions. The [, and]

104
Overused word: easier
interaction between the load and the operator is reduced 121 105
Overused word: normal
to the minimum; therefore, the operator no longer has to 106
Passive voice
107
support the transported weight. Changing angle 122 of the Passive voice
108

transported 123 load 124 can be tilt 125 at any time to succeed Vagueness
109
Vagueness
in working in even exceptional conditions. Chainwheels is 110
[In addition → Also]
capable to move 126 on different tracks and even 127
uncertain flooring effortlessly up and down slopes. A two- 111
Passive voice
wheeled hand truck has a vertically inclined upright frame 112
Dangling modifier
113
with a load supporting nose at its lower end. The frame 128 Overused word: effective
is supported 129 on a pair of wheels mounted on an axle by
brackets which are pivotally connected 130 to the frame for
movement from a first load supporting position adjacent 114
Overused word: certain
the frame to a rearward second position for supporting
higher center of gravity loads.

2.8 Automatically shifting stair climber structure for a

repositionable hand truck

A two-wheeled hand truck has a vertically inclined upright

frame with a load supporting nose at its lower end. The
frame 131 is supported 132 on a pair of wheels mounted on an
axle by brackets which are pivotally connected 133 to the 115
Unusual word pair
frame for movement from a first load supporting position 116
Repetitive word: position
adjacent the frame to a rearward second position for
supporting higher center of gravity loads. 117
Passive voice
118
Overused word: fully
A two-wheeled hand truck 134 having an elongated upright
frame which in use travels in a vertically inclined position, 119
[, and]
and which includes: 120
Passive voice
a load-supporting, forwardly extending nose fixed to the
Grammarly Report generated on Friday, Mar 15, 2019, 9:27 AM Page 9 of 14

frame at its lower end;

121
Fig. 2.8 - Automatically Shifting Stair Climber Structure Passive voice

for a Repositionable Hand Truck

a pair of laterally spaced apart, wheel support brackets
122
connected to the lower end of the frame above the nose to [the angle]
123

project rearwardly; Repetitive word: transported

124
Repetitive word: load
an axle connecting the brackets; 125
[a tilt]
a pair of wheels rotatably mounted on the axle 135; 126
[to move → of moving]
127
pivot means pivotally connecting the brackets to the frame Repetitive word: even

for movement from a first load supporting position in

which the wheels are adjacent the lower end of the frame 136
128
for supporting relatively low-center-of-gravity loads to a Repetitive word: frame
129

second position in which the wheels are moved rearwardly Passive voice
130
to support loads with relatively a higher center of gravity; Passive voice

means retaining said wheels and axle in a selected one of

said first and second positions;
a stair climber structure, having a downwardly inclined rear
surface for engaging the front edges of the steps of stairs,
pivotally connected to said axle; and
link means, pivotally connecting said stair climber
structure with said frame and axle automatically reactive
with said frame to shaft 138 the position of said rear surface
to a position lying substantially in a lateral plane extending
131
tangentially to the peripheries of said wheels when the Repetitive word: frame
132

wheels and axle are moved from said first position to said Passive voice
133
second position, and back again. 137 Passive voice

2.9 Caster Wheel

Fig. 2.9 – Caster Wheels

134
Casters are categorized 139 into two, it 140 could be swivel or [truck is  or  truck was]

rigid. Swivel caster wheels are designed to allow a 360

degrees' movement 141 making it effective 142 in moving
certain 143 heavy loads. Another type of caster wheel is a
rigid caster wheel, which has no swivel bearing and moves
only forward and backward. These caster wheels are
used 144 in many transport tools, some of it uses swivel
caster wheels in both front a 145nd back wheels and others
also uses rigid in front and swivel in back 146 or vice versa.
Caster wheels have different sizes and different material
used depending on the load it is to handle.
135
Grammarly Report generated on Friday, Mar 15, 2019, 9:27 AM Page 10 of 14

Repetitive word: axle

3.0 Research Design and Methodology

This study aims to develop the existing carts to make it 136

Repetitive word: frame
possible in rolling over stairs and to reduce 147 its
bumpiness when it is to be operated 148 in the stairs. To be
able to come up to a certain 149 design of a transport tool,
kinematic analysis, free body diagram (FBD), mechanics,
and stress analysis will be done. Kinematic analysis is used
to know the motion of the transport tool and its specific
dimensions. Next, free 150 body diagram (FBD) is used to
determine the forces acting to the tool 151. Mechanics is
then used to determine the stresses in the tool 152. After
which, stress analysis is used to determine 153 specific parts
of the tool 154 that could possibly 155 fail. 137
Wordiness

Design Discussions 138

Possibly confused word

4.1 Kinematic Analysis

4.1.1 Existing Cart

139
Passive voice
140
[, it → ; it]
141
[movement is  or  movement was]
142
Overused word: effective
143
Overused word: certain
Fig. 4.1.1 – Existing Cart
144
Passive voice

Fig. 4.1.1 shows the existing cart having a caster wheel of 145
[, and]
140mm overall height. This height is not enough for the 146
[the back]
mounting of the roller wheels on the cart.

Summary and Findings

Grammarly Report generated on Friday, Mar 15, 2019, 9:27 AM Page 11 of 14

Sizes
The cart being used 156 is the usual cart available in the
147
market. The cart has a capacity of 150kg, 720x480mm bed, Faulty parallelism
148
690mm handle. These dimensions are followed for the Passive voice
149
making of the roller wheels since it will be attached to the Overused word: certain
cart to make the usual cart to roll over stairs. An
adjustment on the caster wheels of the usual 157 cart is
done 158 to raise the cart to a certain height. The original
caster wheels used in the cart has an overall height of
150
140mm. Having this height 159, the roller wheels can't be [a free  or  the free]
kept effectively in the cart because when the roller wheels
151
are in raised position, it might have contact with the caster Repetitive word: tool
152
wheels when it is to be operated 160 in flat surfaces. The Repetitive word: tool
153
caster wheels are then replaced 161 by a 189.5mm fixed and Repetitive word: determine
154
swivel 162 caster wheel. Repetitive word: tool
155
The roller wheels are composed of 46 wheels having a [could possibly → could]

60mm diameter. The wheels are arranged 62mm apart from

the center of the wheel and countered by another set of
wheels beside it.
As shown in Fig. 163 4.2d, the size of member A-B scissor
lift link would be 6mm x 18mm. For the pin, the diameter
and length would be 7mm and 12 mm, respectively. For the
toggle, the diameter 164 would 7mm and 165 the height would
be 220mm.
As shown in Fig. 166 4.3.3b, the size of member Q-Y where
the roller attached wheels 4x35mm.

Design Presentation

5.3.1 Cart
The cart has a capacity of 150kg having a 720x480mm bed,
and 690mm handle. The original caster wheels of the cart
are replaced with a 189.5mm fixed and swivel caster
wheels.
Grammarly Report generated on Friday, Mar 15, 2019, 9:27 AM Page 12 of 14

Fig. 5.3.1 – Cart

156
Passive voice

5.3.2 Toggle Lock

157
Repetitive word: usual
Fig. 5.3.2 – Toggle Lock 158
Possibly confused do and make
The mechanism that is used 167 for raising the roller wheels
is a toggle lock having a diameter of 7mm and length of
159
Dangling modifier
220mm. The toggle lock is a push/pull clamp type with
travel 168 length of 1'' or 25.4mm. It's holding capacity is
450 lbs. The body material is steel. Handle style is lever 169.
The handle can be rotated 180° sideways to operate. 160
Passive voice
161
Passive voice
162
[a swivel]

5.3.3 Scissor lift 170

The material used for the scissor lift is ASTM A36. The 163
Sentence fragment
dimension of the material 171 is 6x18x300 mm. The scissor
lift is attached with a ball bearing and 172 the other end is
fixed to allow it to slide back and forth. Due to the 164
Repetitive word: diameter
reduction of a hole in the link, the design is 165
[, and]
compromised 173 by adding the amount removed from the 166
Sentence fragment
hole to the width of the link. The pin has a diameter of
7mm and length of 12mm.

Fig. 5.3.3 – Scissor Lift

5.3.4 Roller Wheels

The roller wheels are 60 mm in diameter. The smallest
wheel available in the market is selected 174 since the
smaller the wheels, the less the gaps between wheels. The
Grammarly Report generated on Friday, Mar 15, 2019, 9:27 AM Page 13 of 14

wheels are arranged 62mm apart from the center of the

wheel and countered by another set of wheels beside it
alternately.

Fig. 5.3.4-a – Roller Wheels

6.0 Recommendation
The proposed design has the advantages 175 based on the
methods that has 176 been done 177. These advantages are:
It can climb stairs through the roller-wheels.
It can have smooth movement while climbing stairs.
There is the same position of the user while working it on
flat 178 surface and on 179 stairs.
167
Passive voice
Since the roller wheels is a conceptual design, it is
recommended to create a prototype to test its operability. It
is also recommended for an FEA to further verify 180 the 168
[a travel]
members that would likely be first to fail. A further study
of materials that are less expensive for the equipment to be 169
[a lever  or  the lever]
used 181.

170
[lift → Lift]

171
Repetitive word: material

172
[, and]

173
Passive voice
Grammarly Report generated on Friday, Mar 15, 2019, 9:27 AM Page 14 of 14

174
Passive voice

175
[the advantages]
176
[has → have]
177
Passive voice

178
[a flat  or  the flat]
179
[on]

180
[to further verify → to verify further]

181
Passive voice