Brilliant Education Centre Doha

Brilliant Education Centre

BIOTECHNOLOGY PROCESS AND APPLICATIONS EVOLUTION HUMAN HEALTH

AND DISEASE
Class 12 - Biology
Time Allowed: 3 hours
Maximum Marks: 116

Section A
Question No. 1 to 4 are based on the given text. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
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Cancer is a major burden of disease worldwide. Each year, tens of millions of people are diagnosed with cancer around
the world, and more than half of the patients eventually die from it. In many countries, cancer ranks as the second most
common cause of death following cardiovascular diseases. With significant improvements in the treatment and
prevention of cardiovascular diseases, cancer has or will soon become the number one killer in many parts of the world.

1. Cancer is one of the most dreaded diseases. Explain contact inhibition and metastasis with respect to disease.
2. Name the group of genes that have been identified in normal cells that could lead to cancer. How do these genes cause
cancer?
3. Name any two techniques that are useful in detecting cancers of internal organs.
4. Why are cancer patients often given a-interferon as part of the treatment?
Question No. 5 to 8 are based on the given text. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
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A lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell. Enlarge. Blood cells. Blood contains many types of cells: white blood cells
(monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and macrophages), red blood cells (erythrocytes), and
platelets. Blood circulates through the body in the arteries and veins.

5. Why are the antigens called antibody-generating chemicals?

6. Which two types of lymphocytes are involved in immunity?

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 7. Give the common site of formation of two types of lymphocytes.
8. What is the site of differentiation of two types of lymphocytes?
Section B
9. Which statement is true? [1]

a) According to de Vries, all organisms have b) Mutation can be always harmful

an inherent tendency to mutate

c) de Vries gave mutation theory d) de Vries gave mutation theory and

according to de Vries, all organisms have an
inherent tendency to mutate
10. The first life on earth came in water and evidence indicate that life originated in one of the following eras: [1]

a) Palaeozoic b) Mesozoic

c) Coenozoic d) Proterozoic
11. Miller and Urey created an atmosphere containing: [1]

a) H2, CH4, N2 and water b) H2, O2, NH3 and CH4

c) H2, NH3, N2 and water vapour d) H2, CH4, NH3 and water vapour

12. The difference between Homo sapiens and the Homo erectus was: [1]

a) Homo erectus was much smaller in size than b) The size of their brain of Homo erectus was
Homo sapiens. smaller to homo sapiens.

c) Homo sapiens originated in Africa while d) Homo erectus stayed in Africa while Homo
Homo erectus was in Asia. sapiens did not.
13. Which one of the following options gives one correct example each of convergent evolution and divergent [1]
evolution?

Convergent evolution Divergent evolution

(a) Eyes of octopus and mammals. Bones of forelimbs of vertebrates

(b) Thorns of Bougainvillia and tendrils of Cucurbita. Wings of butterflies and birds

(c) Bones of forelimbs of vertebrates. Wings of butterfly and birds

(d) Thorns of Bougainvillia and tendrils of Cucurbita. Eyes of Octopus and mammals

a) Only c b) a and b

c) Only a d) Only d
14. The figure is given below shows the mode of action of the AIDS virus. Identify steps A, B, C, and D labeled in [1]
it:

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 a) A-viral RNA, B-viral DNA, C-viral DNA b) A-viral DNA, B-viral RNA, C-new viral
incorporated into host genome, D-new viral DNA, D-viral RNA incorporated into the
DNA. host genome.

c) A-viral DNA, B-viral DNA, C-new viral d) A-viral RNA, B-viral DNA, C-new viral
RNA, D- viral RNA introduced into host RNA, D-viral DNA incorporated into the
genome. host genome.
15. Opium, morphine and heroin are collectively called as: [1]

a) Hallucinogens b) Opiate narcotics

c) Stimulants d) Tranquillisers
16. Match the columns and choose correct option: [1]

Drug Source Character

A. Opioids 1. Cannabis P. Hallucinogenic

B. Cannabinoids 2. Papaver Q. Sedative

C. Cocaine 3. Erythroxylum R. Interferes with dopamine

D. LSD 4. Calviceps S. Affects cardio-vascular system

a) A = 2-Q, B = 1-S, C = 3-P, D= 4-R b) A = 2-Q, B = 1-P, C = 3-S, D= 4-R

c) A = 1-Q, B = 1-P, C = 3-R, D= 4-S d) A = 2-Q, B = 1-S, C = 3-R, D= 4-P

17. Passive immunity is defined as immunity: [1]

a) Achieved through vaccination b) Achieved through the sera of other animal

enriched in antibodies

c) Acquired through first exposure to the d) Inherited from the pathogens

disease
18. Which one of the following acts as a physiological barrier to the entry of microorganisms in human body? [1]

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 a) Monocytes b) Tears

c) Epithelium of urogenial tract d) Skin

19. Which vector can clone only a small fragment of DNA? [1]

a) Yeast artificial chromosome b) Bacterial artificial chromosome

c) Plasmid d) Cosmid
20. The first isolated restriction endonuclease is [1]

a) EcoR I b) Hind II

c) Alu I d) Hind III

21. E. coli carry resistance to: [1]

a) Fluoroquinolone b) Tetracycline

c) Ampicillin d) Chloramphenicol
22. Which of the following is not required in the preparation of a recombinant DNA molecules? [1]

a) DNA fragments b) Restriction endonuclease

c) E.coli d) DNA ligase

23. Which of the following statements does not hold true for restriction enzyme? [1]

a) It is an endonuclease. b) It can produce the same kind of sticky ends

in different DNA molecules

c) It is isolated from viruses. d) It recognizes a palindromic nucleotide

sequence.
24. The organism which is used for gene transfer in a higher organism is: [1]

a) E. coli b) Agrobacterium tumifaciens

c) Bacillus thuringinesis d) Acetobacter

25. The presence of a chromogenic substrate gives blue coloured colonies of bacteria. Insertional inactivation stops [1]
production of which enzyme so that colonies do not produce any colour?

a) α-galactosidase b) α-lactalbumin

c) All of these d) β-galactosidase

26. DNA fragments move at different distances in Gel Electrophoresis because: [1]

a) The voltage is too high. b) Molecular weights of the fragments are

different.

c) DNA has a positive charge. d) DNA gets denatured.

27. The site of production of ADA in the body is: [1]

a) Erythrocytes b) Blood plasma

c) Osteocytes d) Lymphocytes
28. Most effective treatment for ADA deficiency patient is: [1]

a) Functional ADA cDNA introduces in cell of b) Functional ADA injected in patient

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 early embryo and it infuse in patient

c) Bone marrow transplantation d) Functional ADA cDNA introduces into

lymphocyte from blood and infuses to blood
of patient
29. The first transgenic cow is: [1]

a) Rosie b) Rama

c) Anandi d) Nandi
30. Probiotics are: [1]

a) cancer inducing microbes. b) safe antibiotics.

c) new kind of food allergens. d) live microbial food supplement.

31. C-peptide of human insulin is: [1]

a) Removed during maturation of pro-insulin b) Responsible for its biological activity.

to insulin.

c) Responsible for formation of disulphide d) A part of the mature insulin molecule.

bridges.
32. A new variety of rice was patented by a foreign company through such varieties have been present in India for a [1]
long time. This is related to :

a) Lerma ROJO b) Sharbati Sonora

c) Co-667 d) Basmati
33. Bacillus thuringiensis produce a protein that kills : [1]

a) Coleopterans b) All of these

c) Dipterans d) Lepidopterans
34. The crops engineered for glyphosate are resistant/tolerant to : [1]

a) Fungi b) Insects

c) Herbicides d) Bacteria
Section C
35. Assertion (A): Amplification of a gene of interest can be done by polymerase chain reaction.
[1]
Reason (R): It is possible to amplify DNA segments approximately 1 billion times within a span of one day.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

36. Assertion (A): In gene therapy, new gene is introduced only into the somatic cells.
[1]
Reason (R): Genetic modification is done to replace faulty genes by normal functional gene.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

Section D

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37. What does the comparison between the eyes of octopus and those of mammals indicate about their ancestry and [2]
evolution?
38. What do you understand from the equation p2 +2pq + q2 = 1? [2]

39. How do Darwin's finches illustrate adaptive radiation? [2]

40. List the specific symptoms of pneumonia. Name the causative agent. [2]
41. What are the factors that cause drug addiction? [2]
42. Name the different features required to facilitate cloning into a vector. Show with a sketch the E.coli cloning [2]
vector showing restriction sites.
43. What is recombinant DNA? For creating recombinant vector molecule, can two different restriction enzymes be [2]
used for cutting vector and source DNA?
44. A newspaper has reported that an American company has patented turmeric. Indian government is fighting [2]
against this patent. What will you call this act of American company?
45. Explain the role of alkaline phosphatase in recombinant DNA technology. What is the source of this enzyme? [2]
46. Why is proinsulin so-called? How is insulin different from it? [2]
47. Why is the introduction of genetically engineered lymphocytes into a ADA deficiency patient not a permanent [2]
cure? Suggest a possible permanent cure.
48. How has recombinant technology helped in large scale production of vaccines? Explain giving one example. [2]
49. What is speciation? Explain the role of natural selection in speciation with the help of a suitable example. [3]
50. Mention the characteristics of the first ape man Australopithecus africanus. [3]
[3]
51.

i. Write your observation on the variations seen in Darwin's finches shown above.
ii. How did Darwin explain the existence of different varieties of finches on the Galapagos Islands?

52. i. It is generally observed that the children who had suffered from chickenpox in their childhood may not [3]
contract the same disease in their adulthood. Explain giving reasons the basis of such an immunity in an
individual. Name this kind of immunity.
ii. What are interferons? Mention their role.
53. Name the cells that act as HIV factory in humans when infected by HIV. Explain the events that occur in the [3]
infected cell.
54. Name the parasite that causes ascariasis. Mention two diagnostic symptoms of the disease. How is this disease [3]
transmitted to others?
55. Explain in sequence the process of amplification of a gene of interest using polymerase chain reaction. [3]
56. Describe briefly the following: Bioreactors. [3]
57. i. Explain the significance of palindromic nucleotide sequences in the formation of recombinant DNA. [3]
ii. Write the use of restriction endonuclease in the above process.
58. Discuss any two roles of transgenic animals. [3]
59. The image below describes the types and the process of bio-pesticides. [3]

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 i. What is meant by the term bio-pesticide?
ii. Name and explain the mode of action of a popular bio-pesticide.
60. Highlight any four advantages of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs). [3]
61. Study the figure of vector pBR322 given below in which foreign DNA is ligated at the Bam HI site of [5]
tetracyline resistance gene.

Answer the following questions:

i. Mention the function of rop.
ii. What will be the selectable marker for this recombinant plasmid and why?
iii. Explain transformation.
62. If a desired gene is identified in an organism for some experiments, explain the process of the following: [5]
i. Cutting this desired gene at specific location.
ii. Synthesis of multiple copies of this desired gene.
63. A transgenic crop is a genetically modified organism (GMO). Transgenic indicates that a transfer of genes has [5]
occurred using recombinant DNA technology [1]. Generally, a transgenic crop contains one or more genes that
have been inserted artificially either from an unrelated plant or from different species altogether.
In the given figure, Agrobacterium is utilized for the production of a transgenic crop. Explain the steps a, b, c, d
and e shown in the figure.

64. Peptide hormones or protein hormones are hormones whose molecules are peptides or proteins, respectively. [5]
These hormones have an effect on the endocrine system of animals, including humans.
In the given figure, Form (A) and Form (B) represents different forms of a proteinaceous hormone secreted by
pancreas in mammals.

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 i. Name the hormone. What type of bonding is present between chains of this hormone?
ii. What are these form (A) and form (B)? How these forms differ from each other?
iii. Explain how was this hormone produced by Eli Lilly, an American company, using rDNA technology.

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