Basics Chenisy

p Shaema
 The Smallest Paticle elemet htch can ake
an paut n chomca
om
Chaangs. ma at ma not eist in a ee ee
olecwe The Snmalest pauicle o an elemeu d a deepound uhich can erit a
Se, a made up o afu

Padlele Mas
Chau Diseovered b TT
Peton 1-673 x t0 +L Golds Lein

Elecssn L ThomSo n

Neusen
chadic
 Nudeon
(pt-+)

Mae e- in clags Jonbit

Orbit 2 e -
32e
9nd orbit+ e -
Shel
18

3 obit-18e-
4
Sub-Shel
bit -

32e
S 2

22
Osubita
Pau shaur
LShel/obr+/cla 1,9,3 equals o o peibads

LSub-Shell/Sub-cJas S,P.. maximum e Con 1 in

Sub-he
Obis wheue
S e d 1Oe-
obauhilily o paresent P 6e
e Js maximum 14e

ornic
L numbe Repaeented
b z. Tt is equals to no c pmolon ppe
nuclew.
neutha otons No hauge bo demeud)
z pt =e- L1
ten NO. C No C P P3
numb Pnoto elechn ons e
e 3-1-2
+ve
chauge 634 -ve chasig Jemense
P #e
Pauu thaurra
 posive nuwmben
hen heae
hiae is
(S -ve chauge on elemeud hen
the
uem dtomit nunbe
peseu the elemeuwt ull be
be Subtract
elemet hen negaive
imiAaud uhen -ve
Chag meut 6 the

number bneleut e he eemeu wl be added ei to mi numbe

+no.
> ~ - no.

-no.

Z t no.
tomic ma Sum oy no. pyoton & no t neuduen preseu 10 nucles
io nudleus
S
fs equal to atemic ma A =P+n
Neut uon
n - P
Newthon tem ic mam no. Ps10 en

dtomicC mas Calculaion

tomc numbey 2 to o

Fos even tomic number For Odd dtermfc nutmber

z x Zx +1
40
Ezcepfion- Bey
Bey N. Paushauwn
 tomic numbeH 91 to 30

Zx +Tutek no.
T4ick no 3 time 4,5, osi ng ith 3 then dou ble (ruso 41mes)5.

Sc x 33
T? 99 X 48
23 5
CH 52
Mn D5 x5 55
Fe 6x 56
Co 7
59
Ni
3 59
Cu
5 6S
Z 5 65

1
 Electaonic Congwnation
LSequence os6 (lng oee
1SS P<3s 3P 4S
3d< 4P<5S
4d 5P 6S <
4 5d 6P7S
(5f (6 (Tp<8s
S
,2P 3S 3P,4S
hen me)d 2
P S wih
numbe 3 S
45 ( ,*) 3
5
(2d S
Hhen 9

n umb
d pSw h
45 67 timu)
5 78 (2 4ime)
H 1S
Na
B5 1s2, 2s2,2P Not-t (19)I s 2 s p
Na, 1S, 95, 9p 3s Os Oga2 o) 1s2p
Pau Shoumd
 Valenc Osreleud e i ouweumost/velente Shell fo Cemplete ode

e e- Shouwd be haeseut in 8 Shell

/94
ochef.
to Cemblee ockef
Se Showd be
be preseud Ocuday 8hellast shell (ochet AuJe)
Z 2 to /0 Z Ito 18 Z = 90 to 30 Excepon 19, 24, 29 Cfsrcle of - valency
,9, 9,919Q ,9,18-x
= needed e to Compleke
B 1S p
H octet

1 ,3
Can demate Se, +1
Can dccest So, -1 C 1s 2s 9p
Lig 7,4
Lt
+ N Is9s-2 p3 N3

Na
Na,, 1s, 23 p6
3s'
, 3g' ,5
-37
,9, 1] Na
15 S p
a,6 -
IS 3p 3s f
Maa ,7
8 2 1-3J -1
Pau 8hauma
 formuda
ens

CaPon dn tun

1de Su e
chaugt Sivgle elemes

'ium Sulhia 4Ve cho

4 i r u s ( Jen Gup thon ) i tan crouy hon Gus

unadin itrit h u d -

poritir i tnJett cide nep bve. tus n Pus

RHS
valsg on t top emod
H reoncie)
Sodturn
Scdtun Olde Auminium cide Sedtun
"dupde
Na Na'd
Al, O NaOH Posws shosas
 Sulphade Sulphur& oyjen
Caue valeny oSis 4.
SO4 SS1 1s9s9p6 gs' 3p
,9,
Os 1s9sp
O
O
O
S9sP 9e

Is a p 1 s e
D
S2 /s 9sp 9p
-
So Cauwse e necded yet to Couplee octe o 6ne y e ,

Nte Nithogen h 07
O-N-0>Cause vaweny Nis 3 so, N s attached wth 33 0yn

ND
N s 2p3
5 :N

Og
O
O 1 s 3 3 op9u9e
9
Is s 9p ae
NOg , Caude me el ecfhen )eed e
et o ceuplele ocet laut oygn
Pauuul shauma
 Cas bonak
CWostde - dmmontun-N
Swphide
2
Sodium Na
Swphat - so
Nrde AN calium -catz 3) Nitrade -No
Gucmdee u Potfsium -k ) ANitrite -NO
Oztde SJpite
Buium -3

2 2

FesOy exOu SJprak

faute Sudprak

Cupss Sudphat
Cso Cupsic SuWphak
CS04
F few cide
F feusit Cde

Pou ha
 periodic dable
Magic no
,9,9,18, 18, 32 3
LFer inding atomic numbe houpuise wHPle rmagic no dous to up
S-block
H
+

Li Hyosopn H
A To Li tium Li Benelium
N9,, +
Sodium Na Magneium
Cage +18
polta fum k Calcium CO
+ 1 9
Rbun
Pbg S Rubtdium Rb Sturanium Sr
sT
CSs5 Bas )+1
t T Francium F
CS
AT
Bauium Ba
+32 Rad ium Ra
Ra
Grenera Cemtigua fon
Oudu shel
4oup
ns'
ns Sn no. ot pewick

valen + +2

dlkalt melals
Alkaline eauth melals Pa Shauma
P -block Guwoup (13 do 18)
B0SH0n famiy anogen icog Chalcoen Halogen Noble y
3 y 5 6 18

+2
He2
Nejo
f
B T N TT F.f
C& 90
A 37 h 3T
+B
, +18 C t1/

Ga, Gve 32 ASCYT se f18

35 36
9
18
+19
t 1 8

, TeC /537f T
+32
so sbs
432
+3
45- R
Ph, BTaRT Po, f 8S

Grenesal electhonic cemiguhation ns np 1-6 n= no. o Peuio

13 1S 6 8
ns'np ns'n nstn n'np" nnp ns*np6
+3 4 3 -2

Pau Shaun
 s
=3
3
N
no
F A
puu s mod
P 453 dN
L a9H PN
 Balance ChemieaM equation
The no
o atoms o he diyeveut elemeutt on the both sides o Sign(-)or
() becomes equal an equadion is called abaJanted chemical eguadion.

coundin
Countin he no
no.
o atoms o each elemeude on Hhe both stdes o a
chemical
Cauahion and
Eaualize them,.
keep in yok mind uile Tyina to balance a chemical equatton
LThe atms Ocusus aut minimum Dt P laces the both sides
ne. on chouw be
chould
Suected bi and one taten Jst
maximum no. 0timey shod be
all
No , uways wwite on the juuont oeemeut molecude
Na 2H, o
0 Compouu.e.
2Nao H + H
x2
Na 1 2
Na 2
H 2 H 3 +1 =
O 2 O 12
: 2

H,OO
2
2

22

2 2 Pauu&hauume
 0xtdation Stae N umbey tvaleny no. o atong
O zn So
7+ (+6) x1 + -2)x4 = o
+ 6 -9 0
-2 o

+2

Paus thst